Wood Combustion Emission Factors and Activity data

Transcription

1 Wood Combustion Emission Factors and Activity data Wood Combustion Emission Factors and Activity data Combustion & Industry Expert Panel meeting Ghent, 13 Maggio 2014

2 Topics EFs from Italy ENEA study Some consideration about use of statistic data Different wood different Net Calorific Value (NCV) Different wood different PM Efs Some consideration about filterable vs condensable PM

3 Topics EFs from Italy ENEA study Some consideration about use of statistic data Different wood different Net Calorific Value (NCV) Different wood different PM Efs Some consideration about filterable vs condensable PM

4 ENEA (Italy) study ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development) funded by Italy Ministry of Environment realized an intensive experimental study on emissions from domestic wood combustion in: Open fireplaces Close fireplaces Conventional stoves Energy efficient stoves Pellet stoves & boilers Wood characteristics LHV: GJ/Mg wood, 17.5 GJ/Mg pellet Umidity: % wood % pellet

5 ENEA (Italy) study - PM emission factors Very high differences with the GB in average EFs for conventional stoves and pellet (out of GB range) PM 10 EF for conventional stoves is 37% lower and PM 10 EF for pellet is 162% higher

6 ENEA (Italy) study other pollutants EFs Differences in EFs for all technology and pollutant Value inside the GB range

7 ENEA (Italy) study micropollutants EFs High differences in EFs for B(a)P in stoves and pellet and PCCD/F in pellet Value out of GB range for B(a)P from conventional stoves

8 Topics EFs from Italy ENEA study Some consideration about use of statistic data Different wood different Net Calorific Value (NCV) Different wood different PM Efs Some consideration about filterable vs condensable PM

9 Wood in statistical data (1) Eurostat energy balance 2012

10 Wood in statistical data (2)

11 Wood what kind? and what NCV values First of all must be defined what means with wood in statistical data and what NCV is to be chosen to convert from Mg to GJ Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Reference Manual

12 Different Wood different EFs US EPA AP Wood Residue Combustion In Boilers

13 Use of LHV and HHV US EPA Climate Leaders Greenhouse Gas Inventory Protocol Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion Sources If we use Low Heat Value or High Heat Value we then have to use the appropriate EFs

14 Filterable vs Condensable (GB EFs) 1 TSP, PM 10 and PM 2.5 EFs are for filterable and there are no original EFs for condensable

15 Filterable vs Condensable (GB EFs) TSP, PM 10 and PM 2.5 EFs seems to be for filterable (in Johansson reference)

16 Filterable vs Condensable US EPA New US regulation (Federal Register of 10/25/2012) preserves the requirement of measurement of condensable PM for emissions of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 10 micrometers (PM 10 emissions) and PM 2.5 emissions and preserves the requirement only in some particular cases in measurements of particulate matter emissions

17 High variability of Efs Conclusions EFs determination usually under laboratory conditions where we need to have real life EFs for domestic sector High variability of products under the term wood require more accurate statistical data and the use of appropriate EFs and mass-toenergy (LHV) conversion factors EFs seems to include only filterable PM and not also condensable that are important for PM 10 and PM 2.5