Instructors: Dr. Rodney Andrews CAER Dr. Jack Groppo 234F MMRB

Transcription

1 Title: Power Generation Technologies Listings: CME 542/EGR 542 Location: Time: 122 Whitehall Classroom Building Tue, Thur 5:00 pm - 6:15 pm Instructors: Dr. Rodney Andrews CAER rodney.andrews@uky.edu Dr. Jack Groppo 234F MMRB john.groppo@uky.edu Office Hours: Phone: By Appointment if necessary. Leave message identifying yourself as CME 542 student. Lecture Notes: Grade Scale: A >90% B 80-89% C 70-79% D 60-69% Undergraduate Graduate Exams/Quizes 100% (33% each) 75% (25% each) Critical Analysis Project 25% Course Outcomes: 1. Understand the current major electrical generation technologies in practice today. 2. Understand how fuels are recovered, processed and converted into electrical power. 3. Understand coal, oil, gas, nuclear and renewable sources and the environmental consequences/benefits of each fuel source. 4. Understand how each technology must adapt to meet future energy demands.

2 Attendance Policy: Acceptable reasons for excused absences are given in "Student Rights and Responsibilities". It is the responsibility of the student to notify the instructor as soon as the student knows that an excused absence will be necessary, and also to provide proof that the absence conforms to the University's policy. Excused Absences: Students need to notify the professor of absences prior to class when possible. S.R defines the following as acceptable reasons for excused absences: (a) serious illness, (b) illness or death of family member, (c) University-related trips, (d) major religious holidays, and (e) other circumstances found to fit reasonable cause for nonattendance by the professor. Students anticipating an absence for a major religious holiday are responsible for notifying the instructor in writing of anticipated absences due to their observance of such holidays no later than the last day in the semester to add a class. Information regarding dates of major religious holidays may be obtained through the religious liaison, Mr. Jake Karnes ( ). Students are expected to withdraw from the class if more than 20% of the classes scheduled for the semester are missed (excused or unexcused) per university policy. Cheating and Plagiarism: Please be sure that you only turn in work that is your own, whether it is a case study or exam. If you re unsure about what constitutes cheating, please see me. Mid-term Grades: Mid-term grades will be posted in myuk by the deadline established in the Academic Calendar ( Verification of Absences: Students may be asked to verify their absences in order for them to be considered excused. Senate Rule states that faculty have the right to request appropriate verification when students claim an excused absence because of illness or death in the family. Appropriate notification of absences due to university-related trips is required prior to the absence.

3 Academic Integrity: Per university policy, students shall not plagiarize, cheat, or falsify or misuse academic records. Students are expected to adhere to University policy on cheating and plagiarism in all courses. The minimum penalty for a first offense is a zero on the assignment on which the offense occurred. If the offense is considered severe or the student has other academic offenses on their record, more serious penalties, up to suspension from the university may be imposed. Plagiarism and cheating are serious breaches of academic conduct. Each student is advised to become familiar with the various forms of academic dishonesty as explained in the Code of Student Rights and Responsibilities. Complete information can be found at the following website: A plea of ignorance is not acceptable as a defense against the charge of academic dishonesty. It is important that you review this information as all ideas borrowed from others need to be properly credited. Part II of Student Rights and Responsibilities (available online states that all academic work, written or otherwise, submitted by students to their instructors or other academic supervisors, is expected to be the result of their own thought, research, or self-expression. In cases where students feel unsure about the question of plagiarism involving their own work, they are obliged to consult their instructors on the matter before submission. When students submit work purporting to be their own, but which in any way borrows ideas, organization, wording or anything else from another source without appropriate acknowledgement of the fact, the students are guilty of plagiarism. Plagiarism includes reproducing someone else s work, whether it be a published article, chapter of a book, a paper from a friend or some file, or something similar to this. Plagiarism also includes the practice of employing or allowing another person to alter or revise the work which a student submits as his/her own, whoever that other person may be. Students may discuss assignments among themselves or with an instructor or tutor, but when the actual work is done, it must be done by the student, and the student alone. When a student s assignment involves research in outside sources of information, the student must carefully acknowledge exactly what, where and how he/she employed them. If the words of someone else are used, the student must put quotation marks around the passage in question and add an appropriate indication of its origin. Making simple changes while leaving the organization, content and phraseology intact is plagiaristic. However, nothing in these Rules shall apply to those ideas which are so generally and freely circulated as to be a part of the public domain (Section 6.3.1). Please note: Any assignment you turn in may be submitted to an electronic database to check for plagiarism. Accommodations due to disability: If you have a documented disability that requires academic accommodations, please see me as soon as possible during scheduled office hours. In order to receive accommodations in this course, you must provide me with a Letter of Accommodation from the Disability Resource Center (Room 2, Alumni Gym, , address: jkarnes@ .uky.edu) for coordination of campus disability services available to students with disabilities.

4 DATE LECTURE INSTRUCTOR CONTENT Thurs 25-Aug First Class: Course Introduction JG/RA Syllabus, energy, energy units Tue 30-Aug Generation by Fuel JG Electricity production overview Thurs 1-Sep Coal and Coal Mining JG Coal mining, preparation, transportation Tue 6-Sep Pulverized Coal Combustion JG Unit processes, equipment, steam flow Environmental Considerations: Particulates, Thurs 8-Sep NOx JG ESP'S, baghouses, Low NOx Burners, SCR, SNCR Tue 13-Sep Environmental Considerations: SOx JG FGD, FBC, CFBC Thurs 15-Sep Environmental Considerations: Hg and CO2 JG Sorbent Injection, ACI, Gasification Tue 20-Sep Field Trip JG/RA UK Heating and Cooling Plant tour Thurs 22-Sep Exam/Quiz Tue 27-Sep Natural Gas JG Gas quality, recovery, transportation, storage Thurs 29-Sep Natural Gas JG Fracking, LNG, LPG, Gas Condensates Tue 4-Oct Natural Gas Power Cycles JG Simple cycle, combined cycle Thurs 6-Oct CHP, Stokers, Isolated Power Units RA What they are, when and where they are used Tue 11-Oct Nuclear Energy RA Uranium mining, fuel prep, plant layout Thurs 13-Oct Nuclear Energy RA Environmental and Regulatory Issues Tue 18-Oct Renewable Energy: Biomass RA Where it makes sense and why Thurs 20-Oct Renewable Energy: Solar RA Where it makes sense and why Tue 25-Oct Renewable Energy: Wind JG Where it makes sense and why Thurs 27-Oct Renewable Energy: Hydro JG Where it makes sense and why Tue 1-Nov Exam/Quiz Thurs 3-Nov Advanced Power Generation JG Fuel cells and hydrogen Tue 8-Nov Election Day: No Class Thurs 10-Nov CO2 Issues MW Chemistry and implications Tue 15-Nov CO2 Issues MW Capture and sequestration Thurs 17-Nov CO2 Credits JG Market overview, operation and status Tue 22-Nov By-products JG Biofuels, Bioplastics, ash, gypsum Thurs 24-Nov Thanksgiving: No Class Tue 29-Nov Energy Transportation: Electric Power Grid JG Grid layout, operation Thurs 1-Dec Energy Markets RA How they interact Tue 6-Dec Regulatory and Policy Considerations RA PSC, Interstate Compacts, EPA Rules, Permitting Thurs 8-Dec Last Class (Review)/Graduate Projects JG/RA Fri 16-Dec Final Exam: 3:30 p.m. JG

5

6 "the conversion of heat into mechanical effect is probably impossible, certainly undiscovered" William Thompson (a.k.a. Lord Kelvin), 1848

7 James Prescott Joule English physicist Discovered relationship of heat to mechanical work First Law of Thermodynamics Conservation of Energy

8 Joule (J) Basic energy unit of metric system Calorie (cal) Heat required to raise temperature of 1 gram of water 1 o C from 14.5 o C to 15.5 o C 1 cal = J British Thermal Unit (Btu) English system analog of calorie 1 Btu = cal 1 Btu = J The relationship between J and cal is the mechanical equivalent of heat Source: American Physical Society

9 Traditional unit of energy British Thermal Unit Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 o F 1.06 kj Peabody Energy Corporation (Public, NYSE:BTU)

10 1 MBtu = 1000 Btu M from Roman Numeral for 1000 Not to be confused with SI prefix M for mega meaning x million To avoid confusion, most commonly nomenclature is 1 Million Btu = 1 MMBtu

11 Comparing Energy Content of Fuels Fuel Units Energy Content Coal Btu/ton 25 Million Crude Oil Btu/bbl* 5.6 Million Liquefied Natural Gas Btu/bbl* 4.2 Million Natural Gas Btu/ft *1 bbl of oil = 42 gallons

12 Million Btu per ton per cord ton of coal 40 ft3 1 cord of firewood 128 ft

13 Fuel Specific Energy Density, MJ/kg Uranium ,000,000 Hydrogen 142 Natural Gas Diesel 48.1 Gasoline Crude Oil 41.9 Biodiesel 37.8 Coal Ethanol 29.7 Wood Fuel Biomass Source:

14 Coal: $41.10 x ton ton 25 MMBtu = 1.64 $/MMBtu Oil: $43.30 bbl x bbl 5.6 MMBtu = 7.73 $/MMBtu Natural Gas: $ x 10 6 x 1000 ft Btu = 2.61 $/MMBtu Prices 8/9/2016

15 At 100% efficiency, heat is converted to electricity at a rate of 3,412 Btu/kWhr Actual rate today is 10,300 Btu/kWhr for fossil-fuel steam Thermal conversion efficiency of 33% Why? Second Law of Thermodynamics Design limitations Future designs will exceed 50% efficiency

16

17

18 MWhr xe12 US Total Electric Power Industry Jan Feb Mar Apt May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source:

19 MWHr 100,000,000 90,000,000 80,000,000 70,000,000 60,000,000 50,000,000 40,000,000 30,000,000 Coal Hydroelectric Natural gas Other Other biomass Petroleum 20,000,000 10,000,

20 Capacity Factor January February March April May June July August Sept October November December January February March April May Year 2015 Year 2016 Coal NGCC NGCT Nuclear Conventional Hydropower Wind Solar Photovoltaic Solar Thermal Source:

21 TECHNOLOGY FINANCE POLICY

22 TECHNOLOGY FINANCE POLICY