2nd Panel: Organic Municipal Waste as a source of renewable feedstock and innovative materials

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1 Circular Bioeconomy Workshop Milan, Tuesday 21st of November nd Panel: Organic Municipal Waste as a source of renewable feedstock and innovative materials Fabrizio Adani et al. GRUPPO RICICLA DiSAA - University Milan Soil and Environment Lab., Lab. Biomass and Agroenergy, Lab. of Bioeconomy and Green Chemistry Via Celoria 2, Milano Italy Adjunct Professor National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology (ibest) China Agricultural University (China) Tel Fax gruppo.ricicla@unimi.it

2 The Rationale Despite the high biological value of FW, traditional management solutions do not consider it as a precious resource, adding only a small amount of value to the final product, i.e $ tonne -1 of biomass for electricity production and 5 10 $ tonne 1 of biomass for compost production. Therefore, supporting these activities generally requires government contributions or high tariffs for citizens, e.g. in Italy the waste tariff increased by 70% in the last 10 years. Many studies have reported the use of FW for the production of high added value molecules such as lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, single cell oils, enzymes and polymers, an approach which is more financially rewarding in comparison with compost and biomethane production (1000 $ tonne 1 of biomass for bulk chemicals production from FW).

3 OFMSW = feedstock = value (da Pfaltzgraff, 2013).

4 Yield 11-12% WasteTS

5 Fig. 1 Scheme of the two-stage process used to produce PHA: OFMSW fermentation producing OA (a), percolate pre-treatments (b) and PHA production (c)

6 a. PHA reference b. PHA from OFMSW

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8 INNOVATIVE PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOFUEL FROM ORGANIC WASTES Granted European Patent EP A1 Us Patent US A1

9 Organic waste feeding Package opening and inert removing Supercritical CO2 ~ 90 C a 650 bar for 3-5 h Biofuel + H2O Residual solid waste To the successive treatments (e.e composting, anaerobic digestion etc.) Material flux CO2 tank Separator Supercritical CO2 flux Oil-like biofuel Liquid residue Residue Final products Microfiltration and/or ultrafiltration H2O Figure 1- Block scheme of the procedure used to isolate biofuels with high energetic content, by supercritical CO2

10 The products Biofuels: LHV kj kg -1 S: absent N: traces H 2 O = absent OF-MSW Bio-oil Solid Biofuel/substrate: Moisture < 20% w/w LHV kj kg -1 Bio-fuels

11 MARKET NEEDS Organic waste represents about 30% of MSW and said amount will probably increase, considering the low performances of separate collection in several European regions and according to the recent European legislative provisions aimed at the reduction of the organic fraction to be sent to landfills. The most typical process to treat organic fraction is the composting process. Composting is not favourable from an energetic point of view, requires high investments related to the added value of the final product and long-time of processing, plus the difficult acceptability of this kind of plant by citizens. Alternatively the organic fraction may be used in the production of biogas. Said sector is promising even if the improvement of method to be applied is strongly needed. In particular it is necessary to increase the energy recovery capability from said fraction. IP ASPECTS Granted European Patent EP A1 Us Patent US A1 APPLICANTS Fabrizio Adani CONTACTS For further information, please contact: Fabrizio Adani Gruppo Ricicla Università degli Studi di Milano Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan - Italy tel Mobile: Fabrizio.adani@unimi.it

12 Fabrizio Adani Full Professor Fulvia Tambone Associate professor Barbara Scaglia Biologist Giuliana D Imporzano Agronomist Bianca Colombo Food Technologist Valentina Orzi Agronomist Silvia Salati Environmental Scientist Tommy Pepè Sciarria Biologist Davide veronesi Agronomist Floriana Bedussi Agronomist Pietro Squillace Agronomist Mariana Villegas Environmental Scientist Sara Zangarini Geologist Luca Corno Agronomist