MOZAMBIQUE WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE PROGRAM

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1 MOZAMBIQUE WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE PROGRAM Presented by: Women of Vision Cindy Breilh Requested for: Women of Vision Columbia-Willamette Date: November 5th, 2012

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Executive Summary 3 Problem Analysis 5 World Vision s Response Goal and Outcomes Methods and Activities Christian Witness Key Partnerships and Collaboration 10 Sustainability Strategy 11 Monitoring and Evaluation 11 Program Management 12 Program Budget 12 Why World Vision? Our WASH Experience Our Experience in Mozambique Our Community Development Approach 14 You Can Make A Difference Attachment: Program Timeline

3 o WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE Executive Summary World Vision is excited to present this opportunity to save lives and signifi cantly improve the well-being of children in Mozambique by helping families and communities achieve sustainable access to adequate safe water and improved sanitation facilities, and gain the skills to practice good hygiene. Less than 30 percent of people who live in rural areas of Mozambique have access to safe water, and only 4 percent have improved sanitation facilities (UNICEF, 2010). The inaccessibility of potable water, combined with a lack of sanitation facilities and a poor understanding of the importance of good hygiene, is a major factor in the unacceptably high rates of child disease and death in Mozambique. More than 14 percent of Mozambican children do not live to see their fifth birthday (UNICEF, 2011). In response to these challenges, World Vision launched the Mozambique Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Program in October 2011 which is designed to ensure the well-being of every child living in World Vision-sponsored communities in 16 priority countries The WASH Program will help approximately 1 million people, including 400,000 children, gain access to safe water and improved sanitation facilities and learn about basic hygiene skills over a five-year period (October 2011 through September 2016). The Mozambique WASH Program will be implemented in 31 World Vision Area Development Programs (ADPs) in four provinces. All of these ADPs have low rates of access to safe water and sanitation facilities, which Every child deserves to have clean water and basic sanitation, which contribute to good health and hygiene World Vision 1

4 contribute to a high prevalence of life-threatening diseases, especially diarrhea and acute respiratory infections. By September 2016, the Mozambique WASH Program seeks to ensure that 64 percent of households in the 31 ADPs have improved access to sustainable potable water sources, and that households and schools in these areas have increased access to safe, inclusive, and sustainable sanitation and hand-washing facilities as well as increased knowledge and use of safe hygiene and sanitation practices. The program aims to eliminate open defecation by encouraging the community to construct latrines, however simple. It also seeks to convince community members that by changing their hygiene behavior they can dramatically improve the health and well-being of their children. World Vision recognizes that to achieve these improvements and to ensure that benefits are sustained, it is essential to motivate and build the capacity of all organizations at the local level to work together on these issues, including communities, schools, government, and the private sector. The total five-year budget for the Mozambique WASHProgram is $73.1 million. Please consider making a generous gift to help make clean water, basic sanitation, and hygiene education a reality for children and families in Mozambique. ONE OF THE WORLD S POOREST COUNTIES, MOZAMBIQUE RANKS 184 OF 187 NATIONS ON THE 2011 UNITED NATIONS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, WHICH MEASURES A COUNTRY S ACHIEVEMENTS IN TERMS OF LIFE EXPECTANCY, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, AND ADJUSTED INCOME. An Area Development Program (ADP) is a group of communities World Vision brings together to facilitate development helping to identify concerns and implement sustainable responses. This model enables integration of multiple interventions over 12 to 18 years, or until World Vision can withdraw support without jeopardizing ongoing development. Arsénia Amido, a mother of six, carries 20 liters of water she collected from a borehole drilled by World Vision in her community in Mozambique. Arsénia said that before the borehole was drilled, waterborne diseases were the biggest challenge her family faced. In fact, Arsénia lost two sons to acute diarrhea and cholera World Vision 2

5 HOW MANY CHILD DEATHS COULD BE PREVENTED? 2 3.2million IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD, at least 40 percent of all child deaths could be prevented by WASH interventions, representing more than 3.2 million children. Clean water can wash away disease and protect children s small bodies from waterborne infections and parasites. Globally, thousands of children die each day from preventable, WASH-related diseases. Most of these children are younger than 5, and a majority of them 80 percent are younger than 2. We must not allow this to continue. Every child deserves access to safe water, basic sanitation, and hygiene. Before we can help children in our ADPs experience life in all its fullness, we must help them simply survive. Providing a child with access to clean water, basic sanitation facilities, and hygiene education is one of the most effective ways to ensure his or her survival. PROBLEM ANALYSIS GLOBALLY, 443 MILLION SCHOOL DAYS ARE LOST EVERY YEAR DUE TO WASH-RELATED DISEASES. UNITED NATIONS NEWS SERVICE, 2010 Located on the southeastern coast of Africa, Mozambique is home to nearly 24 million people, 60 percent of whom live on less than $1.25 per day (World Health Organization, 2011). Life expectancy in Mozambique is only 48 years largely due to the AIDS pandemic (UNICEF, 2011). Approximately 1.4 million Mozambicans are living with the disease, and according to the United Nations, more than 670,000 boys and girls have lost one or both parents due to this devastating illness. The AIDS pandemic, coupled with economic challenges and food shortages, has left half of Mozambican children younger than 5 suffering from chronic malnutrition. On top of all this, Mozambique has experienced flooding and loss of crops, making the problem worse in the past few years. Mozambique is not on track to meet its Millennium Development Goal targets in rural water supply and sanitation. An accelerated and coordinated effort on the part of government, development partners, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector is required to get back on track. Challenging hydrogeological characteristics, salty groundwater, and low yields or lack of water, are negatively affecting the water supply in rural areas in Mozambique. The government of Mozambique is committed to closing the gap in provision of water and sanitation to meet Millennium Development Goal targets: 70 percent coverage for rural water supply and 50 percent for rural sanitation 3

6 10 MILLION PEOPLE IN MOZAMBIQUE PRACTICE OPEN DEFECATION. World Health Organization and United Nations Children s Fund, Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2008 by The government is addressing imbalances among provinces, promoting aid harmonization, and strengthening capacity at the local and district levels. If we do nothing, the water supply and sanitation situation in the 31 targeted ADPs will deteriorate over time, and the well-being of children will worsen with increased health problems, malnutrition, school days missed, and poverty. Current Household Latrine Coverage in the 31 Targeted ADPs The 31 ADPs included in this program were selected because the people who live there lack access to safe water and sanitation facilities. The available water does not meet World Health Organization guidelines in terms of distance, quantity, or safety. Use of contaminated sources, improper disposal of human waste, and low awareness of hygiene and environmental sanitation lead to water- and sanitation-related diseases as well as malnutrition, cause stunting and poor cognitive development in children, and reduce life expectancy. In Mozambique, diarrhea is second only to pneumonia as the leading cause of death in children, killing 110,000 children every year, or more than 300 children per day (World Health Organization, 2009). World Vision carried out a rapid assessment in the 31 targeted ADPs. Results showed that water and sanitation coverage is poor in most ADPs, as indicated by the following: Rivers and open wells are the main sources of drinking water. 20 percent of existing boreholes do not have a management committee in place. Where these committees do exist, they lack capacity. There is a lack of available spare parts at the district level. What Is Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)? CLTS is an innovative methodology for mobilizing communities to completely eliminate open defecation. It focuses on the behavioral change needed to ensure real and sustainable improvements investing in community mobilization instead of simply constructing toilets. CLTS triggers the community s desire for change, propels them into action, and encourages innovation, mutual support, and appropriate local solutions, thus leading to greater ownership and sustainability. The average time needed to collect water is 75 minutes well above the recommended 30 minutes. 36 percent of households have no latrine, forcing family members to defecate in the open. 46 percent of households are using traditional latrines that have few improvements and often do not meet national standards. Hygiene and sanitation awareness through Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) promotion is especially weak in the provinces of Gaza and Zambezia. Hand-washing facilities are extremely limited in all areas. 20 percent of schools do not have any water source, and there are unacceptably large ratios of students per latrine as high as 415 pupils per latrine in Zambezia. (The national standard is not clearly established, but should be about 35 students per latrine.) 4

7 WORLD VISION S RESPONSE LEGEND WATER ADPs CAPITAL CITY MAJOR CITY Maputo Matola Beira PROVINCE OR DISTRICT BOUNDARY 25 GOAL AND OUTCOMES The goal of the Mozambique WASH Program is to improve the health and quality of life of 1 million people, including 400,000 children, in 31 ADPs by This will be accomplished through sustainable access to adequate potable water, improved sanitation facilities, and good hygiene practices. The expected outcomes of the program by 2016 are as follows: Households and schools in the 31 ADPs have increased access to and use safe, inclusive, and sustainable sanitation and hand-washing facilities. Households and schools in the 31 ADPs have improved knowledge of safe hygiene and sanitation, and are practicing their new skills. 64 percent of households in the 31 ADPs have increased access to and are using sustainable potable water sources. 64 percent of water and sanitation facilities have an improved and sustainable management structure through WASH committees. Learning, operational, and applied research is enhanced and used in Mozambique and other countries in the southern Africa region. The primary link between the outcomes of this program and child wellbeing is through improved health, particularly in relation to WASH-related diseases. It is generally accepted that the greatest health benefits from WASH interventions occur when all three components water, sanitation, and hygiene are given equal emphasis. When this does WATER AREAS OF FOCUS 1 ALTO-CHANGANE 17 MUCOTHO 2 CAHORA BASSA 18 MUECATE 3 CHIDENGUELE 19 MUGEBA 4 CHIOCO 20 MUNHIBA 5 CHONGOENE 21 NAMACURRA 6 DERRE 22 NAMANJAVIRA 7 DOMUE 23 NDAULA 8 HI KULENE 24 NHAMARRAUA 9 HLUVUKO 25 NIHESSIUE 10 IMALA 26 NYATERRE 11 INTETA 27 SABE 12 LIFIDZI 28 SAUA SAUA 13 LUENHA 29 TCHEMULANE 14 MALEHICE 30 UKANE 15 MARARA 31 ULONGUE 16 MUAKIWA mozambique not happen, poor health due to WASH-related diseases has farreaching effects, even when it does not result in death. It can lead to chronic malnutrition (often resulting in reduced resistance to infectious diseases, stunted growth, and reduced intellectual development); absence from school, which results in low levels of education; and the perpetuation of grinding poverty. WATER 5

8 METHODS AND ACTIVITIES Water Resources and Technology Options Communities will be involved in all decisions on WASH intervention designs. Various technology options will be discussed and evaluated based on the following criteria: social acceptability, technical performance, local availability, affordability, durability, and maintenance requirements. To meet government minimum standards, a water source should serve no more than 500 people with a minimum consumption of 25 liters per person per day. Water points will be constructed where the ratio of people per water point is too high or where the water points have dried up. Existing water points will be upgraded with new technologies to help maintain behavior change since people already use these facilities, and to lower costs. In addition, nonfunctioning water points will be rehabilitated. Boreholes Shallow wells will not be constructed unless they are wellprotected to prevent contamination and dug deep enough to provide a year-round supply of water. Boreholes equipped with a hand pump are recommended by the government of Mozambique. Two Rockbuster tow-behind drill rigs with Atlas Copco compressors are being purchased, which will enable World Vision to drill 30 percent of the planned boreholes. The other 70 percent will be drilled by contractors. This will allow planned activities to be accomplished on time and the scale of the program to be increased. These drill rigs are small and capable in terms of operation and maintenance ideal for the conditions and roads in Mozambique. These rigs are half the cost of the larger rigs World Vision has used in other countries. A professional World Vision drilling team will be recruited to manage World Vision drilling and equipment. All materials (pipes, grease, and lubricants) needed for one or two years will be procured. The team s performance and ability to meet deadlines and targets will be evaluated after 18 months to determine whether this is the best approach or if alternatives should be considered. Low-cost technologies Rainwater harvesting, spring protection, piped-water systems, and alternative low-cost drilling options will be considered and used when hydrogeological conditions make it possible. Spring protection will be used in areas that have springs available. Solar panels and submersible pumps will be used where the water table is too deep. Rainwater-harvesting systems will be installed on large school roofs. Appropriate gutters and water collection containers also will be provided to the schools. In areas where water source protection is not possible, perhaps due to salt infiltration of the water table or seasonal flooding, water treatment technologies will be considered. This will include local, sustainable technologies such as boiling water and using ceramic or sand water filters. Sanitation Various latrine options will be discussed with community members, taking into account local environmental conditions, materials, 6

9 SANITATION IS A BARGAIN. FOR EVERY DOLLAR INVESTED IN IT, $9.10 IS RETURNED IN VALUE, BECAUSE PEOPLE SPEND LESS ON HEALTHCARE COSTS AND MISS FEWER DAYS OF WORK. (World Health Organization, 2007) supply chains, and cultural values. To meet government standards, the chosen option will, at a minimum, be an improved traditional latrine. The importance of inclusive design will be emphasized for both household and school latrines, making sure that all members of the community including those who are disabled or elderly can access and use the latrines. In schools there will be separate latrines for girls, boys, and teachers. Menstruation management will be considered at each female latrine block, and include issues of space, privacy, and disposal. Various hand-washing technologies that use basic, sustainable methods will be discussed with communities. At schools, hand-washing facilities will be provided near latrines, and mechanisms will be put in place to ensure the provision of soap or ash, which is an effective alternative to handwashing with soap. Program Activities To improve the health and quality of life of 1 million people, including 400,000 children, in 31 ADPs, the following are among the activities planned over the five-year program (October 2011 through September 2016). Water Qty. Beneficiaries Children New community boreholes drilled (700 contracted, 300 World Vision) 1, , ,000 New school water points constructed ,000 48,750 Community boreholes rehabilitated ,000 40,000 School water points rehabilitated 50 25,000 25,750 Pumps repaired ,000 40,000 Small piped-water systems installed 20 60,000 24,000 Springs protected and catchments installed 5 5,000 2,000 Rainwater-harvesting systems provided to schools ,500 52, , ,000 Sanitation Qty. Beneficiaries Children Communities reached through latrine promotion (CLTS) 699 Improved traditional latrines constructed in households 123, , ,000 Artisans supported 248 Demonstration latrines constructed 200 School latrines constructed 1,500 52,500 51,450 Latrine subsidies provided for vulnerable groups 10,000 Latrines constructed for people with disabilities , ,730 Hygiene Qty. Beneficiaries Children Households reached with health and hygiene education, including CLTS 134, , ,000 Laundry facilities constructed ,250 20,500 Social marketing promoted 330, ,000 Hand-washing facilities constructed 4,000 20,000 8,000 1,071, ,500 7

10 Targeted ADPs to be Served Each Year Timing of Activities The project will concentrate on strengthening the capacity of nine ADPs in Zambezia province in the first year, expanding to Nampula in Year 2. By Year 3, all four targeted provinces will be served as the project management team increases capacity and skills in implementation and expansion. Adequate time will be spent in each province to ensure startup, full implementation of activities, and effective project monitoring for sustainability. The table below outlines this timeline. The number of ADPs served in each province is in parentheses. Total number of ADPs FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 Zambezia (9) Zambezia (9) Zambezia (9) Zambezia (9) Nampula (6) Nampula (6) Nampula (6) Tete (8) Tete (8) Tete (8) Gaza (8) Gaza (8) Gaza (8) Advocacy WASH advocacy capacity will be developed within the program management team, ADP staff, and community members. Issues to address include: The Mozambique government s ratio of one water point for 500 people is too high when compared with the recommended southern Africa ratio of one water point for 250 people. The government s national policy does not take people with disabilities into consideration in water point and latrine construction or rehabilitation. We will advocate with the government to ensure their inclusion. The government s national policy has no definitive design for latrines, especially for schools, and the ratio of students per latrine is not clearly established. The government s Manual of Sanitation Project Implementation in Rural Areas is currently in draft form. We will advocate with the government to finalize and implement it. Although CLTS is being widely implemented in Mozambique, the latrines constructed (most of them traditional) as a result of this approach do not count as sanitation coverage because they are not improved latrines. According to the government s water policy, the minimal standard for sanitation in Mozambique is a traditional improved latrine. The Mozambique WASH Program will promote CLTS, but it is important that latrines constructed as a result contribute not only to behavior change among community members, but also toward improved sanitation coverage. Communities will be educated to increase their understanding of critical advocacy issues, including the national policy context, structures that exist, and the responsibilities of various institutions. This will allow community members to advocate for issues critical to their well-being and quality of life. 8

11 2009 World Vision CHRISTIAN WITNESS As World Vision comes alongside tens of millions in need each year, our deepest purpose is that people find their God-given identity and calling in life. Together, we are in a mutual quest for fullness of life among family and neighbors, and with God and His creation. Where our witness can be fully expressed, such as in some regions of Mozambique, World Vision intertwines serving physical needs with enhancing spiritual maturity. Due to the strength of other faiths and cultures in some regions of Mozambique and other parts of Africa, Christians cannot share their faith unless they are asked about it. Nevertheless, World Vision is able to reflect Christ through our staff members actions and lifestyle, which prompt people to inquire about the Christian faith. The provision of water often opens a community to the Word of God, as it provokes questions that allow staff members to share about the Living Water. People can better understand the concept of Jesus as the Living Water when their water is clean and life-sustaining. People also have more time for Bible study and to listen to the Word of God if they are not spending significant amounts of time gathering water. In addition, providing safe water in a village often is an entry point to gain community support and interest, so other development initiatives can be introduced, thus leading to further opportunities to reflect the love of God. Spiritual aspects will be considered in each step of the Mozambique WASH Program cycle. The program is committed to actively nurturing staff spiritually and appropriately witnessing to Christ. Staff will be encouraged to apply Christian commitments in their daily lives and development interventions. WASH staff will work with pastors, churches, and faith-based organizations to develop community respect and acceptance for WASH mobilization, sensitization, and discussions. For example, religious institutions can support the project through mass communication on good hygiene practices and using church theater and women s groups for discussion on hygiene and sanitation. KEY PARTNERSHIPS AND COLLABORATION Coordination with the government is crucial for this program to be successful and sustainable, and to ensure that World Vision is implementing WASH projects in alignment with the government s Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Policy and strategies. World Vision already has strong relationships with key government ministries in Mozambique at national, provincial, and district levels. These will be further strengthened and emphasized throughout the program cycle. The Mozambican government is implementing the National Program for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (PRONASAR) to establish a common WASH fund, which will be managed by the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department. A total of $10 million per year has been added to the common fund, which has enabled the government to have greater control and ensure resources are used in the neediest districts. The first phase of PRONASAR will be in Gaza, Tete, and Zambezia, with community mobilization in two districts of each province (only 2 percent of districts). The government encourages partners who are not joining 9

12 PRONASAR to coordinate and align with government policies, strategies, and key concepts such as community mobilization and preparedness, outsourcing of drilling operations, procurement, pricing of wells, quality assurance, and decentralized operations. World Vision will coordinate with the PRONASAR program and other partners (including the Strengthening Communities through Integrated Programming project in Zambezia, Samaritans Purse, the Adventist Development and Relief Agency, and IRIS Ministries) for social mobilization and WASH provision. With the adoption of the CLTS approach, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education are becoming more involved in the delivery and implementation of hygiene and health promotion activities. World Vision has agreements with official WASH partners, which are shown in the chart below. Provinces Official World Vision WASH Partners Gaza Nampula Tete Zambézia PRONASAR, AMURT (Ananda Marga Universal Relief Team) PRONASAR, Mozambique Red Cross, Millennium Challenge Account, Helvetas, InterAid, CARE PRONASAR, UNICEF PRONASAR, WaterAid, Afrodrill These partnerships and collaborations will strengthen community capacity to manage and take full responsibility for the WASH facilities. World Vision will incorporate lessons learned from these organizations into program activities in Mozambique and elsewhere in Africa. The WASH program also will seek to improve partnership and representation of WASH issues at district, provincial, national, and international levels; strengthen publicprivate partnerships; and advocate for change at all levels. SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY The program will focus on building local capacity for planning, operation, and maintenance of water sources and household sanitation facilities (latrines and hand-washing facilities). The Mozambique WASH Program will train community members, especially women, to repair and maintain pumps, manage water sources, and serve on village WASH committees, which oversee community improvements. WASH committees will be formed or strengthened in each community where World Vision drills or rehabilitates a well. Community members also will be trained to keep the borehole area clean, and educated on health and hygiene, including proper hand and face washing to prevent diseases such as cholera and trachoma. Practical measures such as training local pump technicians, community hygiene promoters, and community-based organizations ensure community involvement and foster ownership of facilities. Schoolchildren will participate in hygiene promotion activities through school WASH clubs. Communities will be empowered to initiate their own development programs, identify and mobilize resources, and manage the projects they begin. 10

13 To ensure financial sustainability, communities will contribute cash, labor, and materials during construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance of water sources and sanitation facilities. Credit and savings plans will be introduced to provide income to construct and maintain WASH facilities, and communities will be linked with market opportunities and local businesses. The project will work with local governments to help set up and sustain local artisans and companies to provide spare parts for maintenance and repairs. To ensure environmental sustainability, the program will promote the use of appropriate water and sanitation options and the use of locally available materials and services. This will maximize program effectiveness and efficiency, as well as achieve long-term sustainability of key activities, outputs, and behavioral changes. Through community education on water resource management and environmentally sound provision of WASH facilities, the sustainability of water resources will be protected, preserved and available for future generations. MONITORING AND EVALUATION PROGRAM MANAGEMENT Program monitoring facilitates sustainability by ensuring management and maintenance of water supply and sanitation facilities along with WASH committee activities. A baseline survey will be conducted within the fi rst three months of the program. It will cover all program areas, provide the data upon which the detailed interventions and monitoring will be based, and form the benchmarks against which outcomes and impact targets will be measured. An implementation plan will be created for each of the program s five years. Accomplishments will be analyzed on an annual basis against this plan to ensure the program is on track to achieve its outcomes. An impact assessment will be completed at midterm (for some of the key points outlined in the baseline survey) and at the program s completion (for all of the baseline survey indicators). This process will assess the impact of the interventions on families in the targeted communities. It also will document key lessons learned from the program, which will be used by World Vision to improve the quality and design of similar projects. This program will be managed under World Vision s current national structure in Mozambique, and will be incorporated under its existing departments for human resources, finances, planning, and logistics. Oversight will be provided by World Vision WASH specialists in the U.S. office, who are trained hydrogeologists with a strong knowledge of issues related to water provision and quality. The specialists help plan, organize, implement, monitor, control, and direct program-related activities. In addition, the Mozambique national office, branch offices, and management and program staff from the implementing ADPs provide managerial and technical support to the program. A project management team, based in Zambezia province for the first year, will be established to provide coordination, technical support, and oversight to the Mozambique WASH Program. The program aims to attract skilled local leaders to manage and expand a team of technicians and community coordinators. The number of staff will rise and fall throughout the life cycle 11

14 of the program according to the detailed implementation plan. Detailed job descriptions and a hiring plan will be established, and a recruitment company employed, to ensure rapid and high-quality recruitment of program staff at all levels. ADP managers will be responsible for the management of operations in their ADPs. All community mobilization, planning, implementation, and monitoring will be the responsibility of the ADPs, with additional staffing from hygiene and sanitation technicians who will report to the ADP manager but receive technical support from the program management team. PROGRAM BUDGET The total five-year budget for the Mozambique WASH Program is $73.1 million, as broken out in the following chart. Activity Description TOTAL Access to safe water 3,304,876 8,198,862 13,269,095 12,668,152 6,844,262 44,285,247 Improve sanitation and hygiene 1,580, ,488 1,981,237 1,821, ,468 6,961,122 Quality assurance 341, ,255 1,067,523 1,014, ,221 3,587,246 Management and fundraising 1,742,445 3,241,868 5,439,285 5,167,957 2,686,317 18,277,872 TOTAL 6,969,779 12,967,473 21,757,140 20,671,827 10,745,268 73,111,487 WHY WORLD VISION? OUR WASH EXPERIENCE Since 1985, World Vision has helped provide clean water and improved sanitation to more than 11 million people around the world. In fi scal year 2010, individuals, corporations, and foundations in the United States supported World Vision WASH projects in 20 countries. These projects provided safe water through drilling wells, rehabilitating water systems, capping springs, and rainwater harvesting. Sanitation was provided through constructing latrines, and improved hygiene including proper handwashing at critical times and safe water handling was promoted through education. In the 1960s and 1970s, World Vision s water projects were primarily small undertakings in individual communities. However, the scale of World Vision s water development work increased substantially when sub- Saharan Africa suffered massive drought in the early 1980s. By 1985, World Vision had initiated major water development activities mostly drilling boreholes in Africa. In Ghana, matching grant support from the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation made it possible for World Vision to launch a transformational water development model in which community ownership of water resources was facilitated. Communities began participating in site selection, the formation of local water committees, and training in water protection and pump maintenance and repair. An emphasis on providing water and sanitation facilities was expanded to include health and hygiene education and community capacity building. In 2003, World Vision expanded its Ghana program to Niger and Mali. From 2003 through September 2011, more than 2,000 wells were drilled in the three countries, providing clean water to approximately 1 million people. 12

15 World Vision works in impoverished areas to provide WASH interventions so that illnesses decrease, health improves, and the burden on women and children is lessened by reducing the distance to water collection points. Children in communities that have clean water are healthy, active, and attend school. Suffi cient water also increases crop production and thus the ability for parents to provide better nutrition for their children and meet their other basic needs with income from the sale of produce. In addition, providing safe water in a village often is an entry point to gain community support and interest, so other development initiatives, including education, agriculture, health, and spiritual nurture, can be introduced. The model developed in West Africa has been replicated in other countries and regions of Africa. In FY11, World Vision scaled up its WASH programs in Africa. In that year, programs in eight African countries drilled 809 successful boreholes and shallow wells, rehabilitated 310 others, and constructed 235 water points from alternative water systems. Once all the pumps and piped water systems arefully operational, these interventions will benefit about 500,000 people. World Vision also constructed 3,060 demonstration latrines and 529 latrines in schools and health centers. The communities themselves constructed an additional 7,851 latrines. Nearly 2,000 communities were trained on hygiene practices, benefits, and technologies. In Mozambique, World Vision has been conducting WASH activities through its ADPs. For example, in 2011, ADP funds were used to drill 91 boreholes in Zambezia, and more than 200 across the country. Since the WASH project in Zambezia ended in September, its staff transferred to the Mozambique WASH Program, bringing their skills and expertise to the new program. In 2013, a UNICEF-funded project in Tete concentrating on community mobilization, CLTS, and hygiene promotion will end, and its staff also will migrate to the new Mozambique WASH Program. OUR EXPERIENCE IN MOZAMBIQUE One of the longest-serving nongovernmental organizations in Mozambique, World Vision began working in the country in 1984, providing and distributing food to drought victims. Over the next 10 years, World Vision provided seeds and tools and conducted WASH interventions and health activities to assist people affected by drought, floods, and civil war. By the mid- 1990s, World Vision had established longer-term community-based projects (ADPs). Today, more than 100,000 sponsored children and 3.5 million people are being assisted through projects in ADPs in Mozambique. World Vision has integrated programs such as agriculture and rural economic development, WASH, HIV prevention and AIDS response, maternal and child healthcare, nutrition, and education. Disaster management, advocacy, and livelihood security also are stressed. To accomplish this work, World Vision partners with the Mozambican government, private businesses, churches, and individuals. World Vision s FY11 budget in Mozambique was $127 million. OUR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT APPROACH World Vision s WASH programs are usually implemented within ADPs. This approach focuses on a cluster of communities in a contiguous geographic area. World Vision brings together stakeholders in the region to identify and prioritize needs. The ADP concept typically integrates clean water, primary healthcare, food security, education and literacy, and economic development. In addition, where our witness can be fully expressed, World Vision seeks to intertwine meeting material needs with enhancing spiritual maturity. This development model is unique because its programs are built on needs and strengths identified by local leaders and residents. ADPs are funded and staffed for 12 to 18 years, assuring long-term supervision and monitoring, leading to sustainability. 13

16 You can make a difference HE WHO IS KIND TO THE POOR LENDS TO THE LORD, AND HE WILL REWARD HIM FOR WHAT HE HAS DONE. Proverbs 19:17 (NIV) Please join us in making safe water, sanitation, and hygiene a reality for children, families, and communities in Mozambique. Your gift will help 1 million people, including 400,000 children, gain access to safe water, improved sanitation facilities, and hygiene education over a five-year period. Imagine the potential that will be unleashed when hundreds of thousands of Mozambicans have access to these necessities. No longer waylaid by the most preventable diseases, they will be able to shape their futures transforming their communities and their country. Thank you for your consideration of this proposal. May God richly bless you. P.O. Box 9716, Federal Way, WA World Vision is a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families, and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. Motivated by our faith in Jesus Christ, we serve alongside the poor and oppressed as a demonstration of God s unconditional love for all people. World Vision serves all people, regardless of religion, race, ethnicity, or gender. 14 MOZ12FECCFO_WASH_ World Vision, Inc.

17 ATTACHMENT: PROGRAM TIMELINE PROGRAM GOAL Improve the health and quality of life of 1 million people, including 400,000 children, in 31 ADPs by This will be accomplished through sustainable access to adequate potable water, improved sanitation facilities, and good hygiene practices. LOGFRAME SUMMARY OF OBJECTIVES INDICATOR TRACKING TABLE CODE FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 TOTAL Objective 1 Output 1.1 Increased access to sustainable and safe water supply for poor and vulnerable communities and schoolchildren Target population with access to improved drinking water source Activity # of successful boreholes or shallow wells ,000 Activity # of successful water points from alternative systems (mechanized pumps, springs, large- and small-scale water systems) Activity # nonfunctioning water points rehabilitated Output 1.2 Schools and clinics with year-round access to improved drinking water source Activity # schools mobilized for water-related activities Output 1.3 Target population practicing recommended household/community treatment strategies Activity # of water treatment educational trainings Activity # households empowered to treat water at the household level Activity # community treatment systems operational Outcome 2 Increased access to improved sanitation for poor and vulnerable communities and schoolchildren Output 2.1 Activity Activity Activity Target population with access to improved sanitation facility # of communities trained in the awareness of sanitation benefits and technologies # of improved sanitation facilities constructed by community members # of improved household or public sanitation facilities built or subsidized by World Vision ,014 18,914 37,829 37,829 18, , , ,932 Output 2.2 Schools and clinics with access to improved sanitation facility Activity # of improved sanitation facilities built or subsidized ,669 Output 2.3 Open-Defecation Free Communities Activity # of communities certified as Open-Defecation Free Output 2.4 Target population practicing good solid waste management Activity # of communities educated on the importance of solid waste management

18 Outcome 3 Output 3.1 Activity Improved hygiene knowledge and practices for poor and vulnerable communities and schoolchildren Target population practicing handwashing with soap at critical times # of communities trained in the awareness of hygiene benefits and practices (handwashing, dishwashing, food storage, safe water transportation and storage, etc.) Activity # of schools trained in the awareness of hygiene benefits and practices Output 3.2 Activity Target population with access to hygiene facilities # of hand-washing stations developed by World Vision or community members 10,014 18,914 37,829 37,829 18, ,500 Activity # of laundry pads constructed Output 3.3 Target population practicing safe collection, transportation, storage, and use of water Activity # of communities trained in safe water handling, storage, and use Activity # of schools trained in safe water handling, storage and usage Activity # of water-quality tests performed at the household level Outcome 4 Communities empowered to facilitate sustainable WASH interventions Output 4.1 Communities with functioning water committees and feecollection systems Activity # of water committees formed or reactivated with fee-collection systems ,124 Output 4.3 Water points with continuous service Activity # of communities trained in pump maintenance and repair Activity # of water point breakdowns Output 4.4 Target population with adequately functioning public- and privatesector support for WASH improvements (soap, replacement parts, service delivery, management) Activity # of strategic relationships developed with private-sector partners