VMD0045 Methods for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions and removals in ARR project activities on peat and mineralwetland and terrestrial soil (M-ARR)

Transcription

1 VCS Module VMD0045 Methods for moitorig greehouse gas emissios ad removals i ARR project activities o peat ad mieralwetlad ad terrestrial soil (M-ARR) Versio February 2017

2 9 March 2015 Module developed by: Page 2

3 Revisio to iclude tidal wetlad restoratio ad coservatio activities (versio 1.1 of this module) prepared by Silvestrum Climate Associates ad Restore America s Estuaries. Page 3

4 Table of Cotets 1 Sources Summary Descriptio of the Module Defiitios Applicability Coditios Procedures Data Ad Parameters Data ad Parameters Available at Validatio Data ad Parameters Moitored Referece Page 4

5 1 SOURCES This module is oe of umerous modules that costitute VCS methodology VM0007 REDD+ Methodology Framework (REDD-MF). This module uses the latest versio of the followig CDM tool ad VCS modules: CDM methodology AR-ACM0003 Afforestatio ad reforestatio of lads except wetlads CDM tool AR-Tool14 Estimatio of carbo stocks ad chage i carbo stocks of trees ad shrubs i A/R CDM project activities VMD0046 Methods for moitorig of soil carbo stock chages ad greehouse gas emissios ad removals i peatlad rewettig ad coservatio project activities (M- PEAT) VMD00XX Methods for moitorig of carbo stock chages ad greehouse gas emissios ad removals i tidal wetlad restoratio ad coservatio project activities (M-TW) 2 SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE MODULE This module provides procedures for the moitorig of GHG emissios ad removals uder the project sceario (ΔC WPS-ARR) of ARR project activities o peat ad mieral soil. 3 DEFINITIONS Defiitios are set out i i VCS documet Program Defiitios, ad REDD+ -MF. This module does ot set out ay further defiitios. 4 APPLICABILITY CONDITIONS This module is applicable uder the followig coditios: The applicability coditios provided i AR-ACM Applicability coditios icluded i AR-ACM0003 ad correspodig tools that exclude project activities o wetlads ca be eglected for the purpose of their use i this module, as accoutig procedures for the peat soil are provided i Mmodules BLM-PEAT ad M- TW. 1 I case there is a coflict betwee the CDM methodology requiremets ad the VCS rules, the VCS rules must be followed, as outlied i VCS AFOLU guidace documet Additioal guidace for VCS Afforestatio, Reforestatio ad Revegetatio projects usig CDM Afforestatio/Reforestatio Methodologies available o the VCS website. Page 5

6 5 PROCEDURES Net GHG emissios ad removals uder the ARR project sceario o mieral soils are estimated usig the procedures provided i CDM methodology AR-ACM0003 Afforestatio ad reforestatio of lads except wetlads ad associated tools. Where: DC WPS-ARR Net GHG removals uder the ARR project sceario up to time t* () DC ACTUAL,tACM 0003 Actual et GHG removals by siks, i year t () t 1,2,3..t* time elapsed sice project start (years) ARR activities with a WRC compoet must estimate the et GHG emissios uder the project sceario usig: For the o-soil pools estimate: usig AR-ACM0003 ad associated tools (where the estimatio of carbo stock chages i the soil compoets ad below-groud biomass must ot be icluded) ad procedures for herbaceous vegetatio i ARR-WRC project activities provided below. For the soil pools estimate: usig procedures provided i Mmodule M-PEAT or M-TW. Net GHG removals uder the ARR project sceario is estimated as follows: t* å DC WPS-ARR = DC ACTUAL,tACM 0003 t=1 +GHG WPS-WRC C WPS ARR = t t=1 C ACTUAL,t + C WPS herb (1) Where: C WPS-ARR Net GHG removal uder the ARR project sceario up to time year t* () C ACTUAL,t DC ACTUAL,t ACM 0003 C WPS-herb () Actual et GHG removals by siks, i year t (from AR-ACM0003) Net GHG removals uder the ARR-WRC project sceario i herbaceous vegetatio up to year t* () GHG WPS-WRC t Net GHG emissios i the WRC project sceario up to year t* () 1,2,3 t* time elapsed sice project start (years) Page 6

7 Procedures for the estimatio of ucertaity for ARR project activities are provided i AR- ACM0003. Log-term average i case of harvestig Where reforestatio or revegetatio activities i the project sceario iclude harvestig, the maximum umber of GHG credits geerated by these activities over the creditig period must ot exceed the log-term average GHG beefit. The log-term average is calculated per the requiremets set out i the VCS Program Documet, AFOLU Requiremets, with the followig modificatios: LA = t=1 NGR ARR,t (2) Where: LA NGR ARR,t The log-term average GHG beefit i the ARR project with harvestig i time period ; t CO2-e Total et GHG removals of the ARR project activity i year t (aualized from REDD+ MF, Sectio 8.4.3) () Total umber of years i the established time period Projects may accout for log-term carbo storage i wood products. I this case, the parameter C TREE,PROJ,t i AR-Tool14 must be read as C TREE,PROJ,i,t + C WP,i,t. Procedures for the calculatio of C WP,i,t are provided i Module CP-WP. For the determiatio of the umber of buffer credits to be withheld, the log-term average chage i carbo stock is calculated as follows: LC = (C t=1 TREE_PROJ,t +C SHRUB_PROJ,t +C WPS herb,t ) t=1 (C TREE_BSL,t +C SHRUB_BSL,t +C BSL herb,t ) (3) Where: LC C TREE_PROJ,t C SHRUB_PROJ,t C WPS-herb,t C TREE_BSL,t C SHRUB_BSL,t The log-term average chage i carbo stock i the ARR project with harvestig i time period ; t CO2-e Carbo stock i tree biomass i the project sceario withi the project boudary i year t (from AR-Tool14) () Carbo stock i shrub biomass i the project sceario withi the project boudary i year t (from AR-Tool14) () Carbo stock i herbaceous vegetatio i the project sceario i all strata i year t (t CO2 ha -1 ) Carbo stock i tree biomass i the baselie sceario withi the project boudary i year t (from AR-Tool14) () Carbo stock i shrub biomass i the project sceario withi the baselie boudary i year t (from AR-Tool14) () Page 7

8 C BSL-herb,t Carbo stock i herbaceous vegetatio i the baselie sceario i all strata i year t (t CO2 ha -1 ) Total umber of years i the established time period ARR o wetlads iflueced by sea level rise Biomass may be lost due to submergece followig sea level rise. For strata where coversio to ope water occurs durig the creditig period, the maximum umber of GHG credits geerated over the creditig period by the ARR project activity must ot exceed the log-term average GHG beefit, as i the case of harvestig, as calculated i Equatio 2. For strata where coversio to ope water is expected after the creditig period but before t = 100, to accout for the associated loss of tree ad shrub biomass, the maximum stock i tree ad shrub biomass (C TREE,i,t ad C SHRUB,i,t, respectively) used i AR-Tool14 is limited to C AVG-TREE,i, as calculated i Equatio 4 ad C AVG-SHRUB,i as calculated i Equatio 5, where = 100. C AVG TREE_PROJ,j = t=1 C TREE_PROJ,i,t (4) Where: C AVG-TREE_PROJ,i C TREE_PROJ,i,t i t Log-term average carbo stock i baselie or project tree biomass withi the project area (i stratum i) i time period ; t CO2-e Carbo stock i baselie or project tree biomass withi the project area (i stratum i) i year t (derived from applicatio of AR-Tool14); t CO2-e yr -1 1, 2, 3 M WPS strata i the project sceario 1, 2, 3 years elapsed sice the project start date Total umber of years i the established time period C AVG SHRUB_PROJ,j = t=1 C SHRUB_PROJ,i,t (5) Where: C AVG-SHRUB_PROJ,i C SHRUB_PROJ,i,t i t Log-term average carbo stock i baselie or project shrub biomass withi the project area (i stratum i) i time period ; t CO2-e Carbo stock i baselie or project shrub biomass withi the project area (i stratum i) i year t (derived from applicatio of AR-Tool14); t CO2-e yr -1 1, 2, 3 M WPS strata i the project sceario 1, 2, 3 years elapsed sice the project start date Total umber of years i the established time period The log-term average carbo stock must be calculated for both the baselie (where PROJ must be replaced by BSL ) ad the project sceario. Restoratio projects which iclude afforestatio or reforestatio compoets may accout for log-term carbo storage i wood products i case trees are harvested before dieback. I this case, the parameter C TREE,t i Equatio 4 must be read as C TREE,i,t + C WP,i,t. Herbaceous vegetatio Page 8

9 Where the carbo stock chage i herbaceous vegetatio is quatified i the project sceario, it must also be quatified i the baselie sceario. The et carbo stock chage i herbaceous vegetatio biomass i the project sceario is estimated usig a carbo stock chage approach as follows: Mwps t i 1 t=1 (6) C WPS herb = C WPS herb,i,t ΔC WPS-herb,i,t = (C WPS-herb,i,t C WPS-herb,i(t-T)) / T (7) Where: C WPS-herb ΔC WPS-herb,i,t C WPS-herb,i,t i t Net GHG removals uder the ARR project sceario i herbaceous vegetatio up to time t* () Net carbo stock chages i herb carbo pools i the project sceario i stratum i i year t (t CO2 yr -1 ) Carbo stock i herbaceous vegetatio i the project sceario i stratum i i year t (t CO2 ha -1 ) 1, 2, 3 M WPS strata i the project sceario 1, 2, 3 t* years elapsed sice the start of the project activity T Time elapsed betwee two successive estimatios (T = t 2 t 1) For tidal wetlads, a default factor for C WPS-herb,i,t may be applied as provided i Sectio 6. The samplig method of herbaceous vegetatio is provided i Sectio DATA AND PARAMETERS 6.1 Data ad Parameters Available at Validatio Data / Parameter Data uit Descriptio C ACTUAL,t DC ACTUAL,t ACM 0003 Equatios 1, 2 Source of data Value applied Justificatio of choice of data or descriptio of measuremet methods ad procedures applied Purpose of Data Commets Actual et GHG removals by siks, i year t AR-ACM0003 Afforestatio ad reforestatio of lads except wetlads AR-ACM0003 is approved by the UNFCCC s CDM Calculatio of project emissios Page 9

10 Data / Parameter Data uit Descriptio C TREE_PROJ,t Equatios 3, 4 Source of data Value applied Justificatio of choice of data or descriptio of measuremet methods ad procedures applied Purpose of Data Commets Carbo stock i tree biomass i the project sceario withi the project boudary i year t AR-Tool14 Estimatio of carbo stocks ad chage i carbo stocks of trees ad shrubs i A/R CDM project activities AR-Tool14 is approved by the UNFCCC s CDM Calculatio of project emissios Data / Parameter Data uit Descriptio C SHRUB_PROJ,t Equatios 3, 5 Source of data Value applied Justificatio of choice of data or descriptio of measuremet methods ad procedures applied Purpose of Data Commets Carbo stock i shrub biomass i the project sceario withi the project boudary i year t AR-Tool14 Estimatio of carbo stocks ad chage i carbo stocks of trees ad shrubs i A/R CDM project activities AR-Tool14 is approved by the UNFCCC s CDM Calculatio of project emissios Data / Parameter Data uit Descriptio Equatios 7 Source of data C WPS-herb,i,t Carbo stock i herbaceous vegetatio i the project sceario i stratum i i year t Default value or from ow measuremets Page 10

11 Value applied Justificatio of choice of data or descriptio of measuremet methods ad procedures applied Purpose of Data Commets 11 t CO2 ha -1 may be applied for strata with 100 percet herbaceous cover. For areas with a vegetatio cover <100 percet, a 1:1 relatioship betwee vegetatio cover ad carbo stock must be applied. Calculated from peak abovegroud biomass data from 20 sites summarized i Mitsch ad Gosselik The media of these studies is 1.3 kg dry matter m -2. This was coverted to the default factor value as follows: /12. The factor 0.45 coverts orgaic matter mass to carbo mass; the factor 0.5 is used to average aual peak biomass (factor = 1) ad aual miimum biomass (factor = 0, assumig ephemeral abovegroud biomass ad complete litter decompositio). Calculatio of project emissios Data / Parameter GHG WPS-WRC Data uit Descriptio Net GHG emissios i the WRC project sceario up to year t* Equatios 2 Source of data Value applied Justificatio of choice of data or descriptio of measuremet methods ad procedures applied Purpose of Data Commets Module M-PEAT See module M-PEAT Calculatio of project emissios 6.2 Data ad Parameters Moitored Data / Parameter: Data uit: Descriptio: C ACTUAL,t DC ACTUAL,t ACM 0003 Equatios 1, 2 Source of data: Actual et GHG removals by siks, i year t A/R CDM cosolidated methodology AR-ACM0003 (Afforestatio ad reforestatio of lads except wetlads) Page 11

12 Descriptio of measuremet methods ad procedures to be Frequecy of moitorig/recordig: QA/QC procedures to be Purpose of data: Calculatio method: Commets: See AR-ACM0003 See AR-ACM0003 See AR-ACM0003 Calculatio of project emissios See AR-ACM0003 Data / Parameter: Data uit: Descriptio: C TREE_PROJ,t Equatios 3, 4 Source of data: Descriptio of measuremet methods ad procedures to be Frequecy of moitorig/recordig: QA/QC procedures to be Purpose of data: Calculatio method: Commets: Carbo stock i tree biomass i the project sceario withi the project boudary i year t AR-Tool14 Estimatio of carbo stocks ad chage i carbo stocks of trees ad shrubs i A/R CDM project activities Calculatio of project emissios Data / Parameter: Data uit: Descriptio: C SHRUB_PROJ,t Equatios 3, 5 Source of data: Carbo stock i shrub biomass i the project sceario withi the project boudary i year t AR-Tool14 Estimatio of carbo stocks ad chage i carbo Page 12

13 Descriptio of measuremet methods ad procedures to be Frequecy of moitorig/recordig: QA/QC procedures to be Purpose of data: Calculatio method: Commets: stocks of trees ad shrubs i A/R CDM project activities Calculatio of project emissios Data / Parameter: Data uit: Descriptio: Equatios 7 Source of data: Descriptio of measuremet methods ad procedures to be C WPS-herb,i,t Carbo stock i herbaceous vegetatio i the project sceario i stratum i i year t Default value or from ow measuremets A default value (see Sectio 6.1) may be used. Vegetatio cover must be determied by commoly used techiques i field biology. Frequecy of moitorig/recordig: Abovegroud herbaceous mass (herb) is defied as a pool that icludes both livig plat mass (i.e., biomass) ad dead plat mass (i.e., litter). All livig ad dead herbaceous mass is clipped above the soil surface from iside each sample frame. Dry mass is determied either by dryig the etire wet sample to a costat weight or by dryig a subsample of the wet mass to determie a dry-to-wet mass ratio coversio factor. Because abovegroud mass ca be highly seasoal, the average pool must be calculated from at least two samples represetig the miimum ad maximum stadig stocks. Alteratively, a coservative estimate of the pool may be determied from a sample take at the time of miimum stadig stock. At each moitorig evet. The default factor may be claimed oly for the first year of the project creditig period, as herbaceous biomass quickly reaches a Page 13

14 QA/QC procedures to be Purpose of data: Calculatio method: Commets: steady state. See Sectio 9.3 of REDD+ MF or other VCS methodology that uses this module. Calculatio of project emissios Data / Parameter: GHG WPS-WRC Data uit: Descriptio: Net GHG emissios i the REDD project sceario up to year t* Equatios 2 Source of data: Descriptio of measuremet methods ad procedures to be Frequecy of moitorig/recordig: QA/QC procedures to be Purpose of data: Calculatio method: Commets: 7 REFERENCE Module M-PEAT See module M-PEAT See module M-PEAT See module M-PEAT Calculatio of project emissios See module M-PEAT Mitsch, W.J., ad J.G. Gosselik Wetlads. 4 th ed. Joh Wiley & Sos, Ic., Hoboke, NJ. Noe. Page 14

15 DOCUMENT HISTORY Versio Date Commet v1.0 9 March 2015 Iitial versio Page 15