FIBRA final event: Boosting market share for Fibre Crops EU and China. Jan E.G. van Dam

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1 FIBRA final event: Boosting market share for Fibre Crops EU and China Jan E.G. van Dam

2 Co-operation EU-China bast fibre crops Flax-linen and fibre hemp R&D Supply chains bast fibre crops New fibre resources Processing technology and Biorefinery Innovations /(nano)cellulose Market position Marketing & market diversification Ecological impact (LCA) Knowledge exchange and co-operation 2

3 Co-operation EU-China bast fibre crops Current situation: Declining market share and agricultural production in both China and EU Increasing demand for sustainable textiles Increasing demand for resources in Biobased economy Knowledge exchange and co-operation 3

4 Co-operation EU-China bast fibre crops What holds the future for bast fibre crops? Flax-linen and fibre hemp Knowledge exchange and co-operation Competition from other fibre sources Ramie, Kenaf and Jute 4

5 Fibre crop production chain

6 Decline bast fibre crops in EU and China Competition synthetic fibres Competition cotton and man-made cellulose Knowledge exchange and co-operation High labour costs Obsolete technology Low investments in innovative technology Commodity market status? 6

7 Research & development topics quality supply chain development Breeding, genomics, agronomy Harvesting technology / mechanisation Fibre extraction / retting / degumming Fibre processing / modernisation Fibre application development Textiles Paper Fibre boards / insulation Composites Life Cycle Assessment (environmental impact)

8 Fibre crops for binding, networking, weaving and linking... 纤维的结合网络编织连接...

9 Issues on sustainable textile industries Cotton dispute, GMO vs organic cotton Pesticide and water use Labour conditions, low wage countries & Fair trade Pollution of textile processes Degumming processing Dyeing, bleaching, finishing Washing Textile waste recycling

10 World fibre production 40,000 35,000 30,000 World fibre production (kton) Cotton Synthetic (petro-based) Man-made cellulose fibres * 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,

11 Fibre production cellulosic fibres 10 3 ton/yr major producing countries cotton China, Brazil, India, Pakistan, USA, Uzbekistan flax 300 EU, China hemp 90 China, EU jute Bangladesh, India kenaf 350 China, Thailand ramie 280 China, Brazil abaca 70 Philippines, Ecuador coir 500 India, Sri Lanka sisal 300 Brazil, Kenya, Tanzania

12 kton/year Kenaf production decline africa latin america near east far east world 200 Transition point? 0 Year

13 Future bast fibre crops in EU and China Fits in bioeconomic policies Renewable, low ecological impact production Pressure on cotton and man-made cellulose Knowledge exchange and co-operation Whole crop utilisation Innovative technology developments Product diversification Commodity and niche market potential 13

14 Flax and hemp building products Bast fibre based products Shives & woody core products Oil seed products Bio based building materials & Health Policy paper bio based building EC -

15 Flax and Hemp building products Crop Plant part Product By-product Use in building and construction Seed Oil Linoleum Paints & coatings Putty Press cake - Flax / Hemp Stem Fiber (bast) Fabric: curtains, wall coverings, batten, bags & canvas Twine: Ropes & twine, lines Non-woven: Insulation mats Paper: Sheets, Foam, fluff Cellulose: Polymer and mineral composites. Shives (hurts) Particle boards, mineral composites

16 Flax insulation

17 Flax composite boards

18 Linoleum flooring

BUILDING MATERIALS - J.T.W. Verhoeven, J.E.G. van Dam, L.

19 1 st International Conference on Bio-based Building Materials June 22 nd - 24 th 2015 Clermont-Ferrand, France LOCAL CULTIVATED HEMP AND FLAX AS RESOURCE FOR BIOBASED BUILDING MATERIALS - J.T.W. Verhoeven, J.E.G. van Dam, L. Gaquere Farmer Processor Manufacturer Retailer Commissioner Biobased building supply chain Contractor Architect User Constructor

Potential of hempcrete in building Globally 4 billion tons of cement are consumed annually EU is contributing only 6% or ca. 240 million ton. If only 1% of hemp shives is added 2.

20 Potential of hempcrete in building Globally 4 billion tons of cement are consumed annually EU is contributing only 6% or ca. 240 million ton. If only 1% of hemp shives is added 2.4 million tons of hemp shives are required. This is 55x the current hemp shives market in EU ( tons, EIHA 2012) Require an hemp acreage increase to approximately 0.9 million ha arable land. Requires a equally large market expansion for bast fibre

21 Fibre crop markets market Products Niche markets for bast fibre Textiles fabrics of cotton, linen, viscose, lyocel, acetate Apparel, carpet backing, upholstry sacking, geotextiles Twine Ropes, cordage Agricultural twine, baler & binder twine, packaging Non-woven Pulp, paper and board Cellulose dissolving pulp needle punched, wet laid, air laid, hygienic tissues, diapers, wipes, filters newsprint, writing, specialty paper, corrugated boards viscose, lyocel, cellulose derivatives, CA CMC HEC Padding, insulation, geotextiles, mulch fleece Security paper, cigarette paper Wrapping paper, filters - 6 Cellulosic Films packaging, membranes, Building materials fibre boards, Insulation, plaster and blocks Cellulosic fibre composites moulded compounds, laminates, mineral matrix fibre composites Particle boards Insulation materials, fibre concrete Automotive interior parts, 9 Green chemicals bioethanol, organic acids, furans, biopolymers -

22 Cellulose Matrix

23 Cellulose prices stable Straw / ton Wood chips 100 Pulp Raw hemp Flax fibre Raw cotton Dissolving cellulose 1750 Viscose / rayon 2000 Celluloid 3300

24 Cellulose Matrix niche bast fibres

25 Fashionable industries Short living trends Exclusive branding Poor quality products Very cheap for customers Flax linen industries supply and demand fluctuations Unpredictable prices Unreliable customers Incomplete supply chain

26 Valorisation piramid

27 Non-wood pulp fibre niches Cotton linter Abaca Banknote and security paper Ramie Tea bags, filters Flax sausage casing Hemp cigarette paper Kenaf electrolyte condenser paper Straw sugar cane bagasse Bamboo paper board / wrapping paper

biopp) Cement composites /light weight construction Fibre boards

28 Trends in fibre reinforced composites Agrofibre compounds for injection moulding / 3D printing / forming Biopolymers (PLA/ PHA/ biopp) Cement composites /light weight construction Fibre boards and panels Injection moulded products from natural- fibre/plastic granules

nm High specific surface High strength and modulus Translucent

29 Polymer and fibre technology trends Nanofibre from bast fibre/wood pulp refine conditions properties Diameter nm High specific surface High strength and modulus Translucent Durable Biodegradable Renewable, CO 2 neutral (bio)chemical modification

30 Competing claims for biomass resources Sustainable production food supply security land use (ILUC) deforestation rural development Rapid expansion of demand for energy purposes DEVELOPMENT OF BIOREFINERY

31 Economic feasibility Market demands Technical performance / availability Cost of processing / modification Acceptable costs range of treatment Investment for implementation Economic scale of fibre processing / modification

32 Markets and developments Textiles ++ non-woven +++ wood, timber + pulp, paper and board + cellulose dissolving pulp / nano ++ Cellulosic Films + Building materials ++ Cellulosic fibre Composites ++ Biorefinery and green chemicals -

33 R&D activities for sustainable bast fibre development Increase crop yields and fibre quality Breeding / selection Mechanization of primary production Harvesting Controlled degumming / fibre extraction Market diversification By-products utilisation building materials, energy & chemical recovery Extraction of high value secondary metabolites (CBD)

34 Mechanized harvesting of hemp

35 R&D activities for sustainable bast fibre development Modernization of fibre processing to textiles, composites and building materials Labour cost reduction Creation of jobs Design of attractive consumer products Product promotion and marketing Organization of the supply chain Logistics and trade commodification

36 Conclusions Natural fibres like flax, hemp and ramie are intrinsically linked to human culture A wide scope of fibre uses in commercial trade and production for biobased economic development Sustainable use of natural bio-resources needs international efforts for regulation and stimulation

37 37 Conclusions Organization of sustainable supply chains needed R&D efforts and exchange of multidisciplinary expertise needed to implement innovations Cooperation between China and EU is critical for the future of bast fibre crops

38 Thank you for your attention 感谢您的关注

Building with Flax and Hemp Bast fibre crops for building in EU and China

Building with Flax and Hemp Bast fibre crops for building in EU and China Jan E. G van Dam Food and Biobased research (DLO) Wageningen UR 23-24 March 2015 Helsinki 1 Co-operation EU-China bast fibre crops