Novel Compressed Air Energy Storage Concepts Developed by ESPC

Transcription

1 Novel Compressed Air Energy Storage Concepts Developed by ESPC Presented to EESAT May 2007 Presented by Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Energy Storage and Power Consultants, LLC

2 Presentation ESPC involvement in the 110 MW CAES Project for AEC Developed by ESPC CAES Plant Concepts as Applied to GE 7241 CTs

3 CAES Technology ESPC involvement in the 110 MW CAES Project for AEC

4 CAES Technology Features CAES technology was developed as a load management plant with the prime purposes: to increase load factor of base-load plants (Coal, Nuclear) during offpeak hours store the off peak power during Utilize is during peak hours when energy is needed and the price is high The AEC s 110MW CAES Project had been driven by two factors: Due to very low off peak loads, two 300 MW coal-fired plants during off-peak hours operated at very low load with extremely high heat rate and sometimes had been shot down AEC had shortage of peak power purchased from SCS The current development of Wind Power- the primarily uncontrollable energy source- requires the CAES plants to store wind energy produced during off-peak hours and distribute it with additional benefits during peak hours when energy is needed and cost of energy is high.

5 Fundamentals of the AI technology

6 Schematic for AEC CAES Plant (110 MW 26 Hour) Compressors (50 MW) HP Aftercooler IP-2 IP-1 LP SSS Clutches Expanders (110 MW) Motor /Gen LP LP Intercoolers Ambient Air Underground Storage Cavern: A Solution Mined Salt Cavern HP Fuel Pressure = 650 psi Salt Cavern Air Store: Distance to Surface = 1500 ft Height = 1000 ft Avg. Diameter = 156 ft Volume = 22MCF Exhaust Stack HP Recuperator Heat Rate Energy Ratio

7 ESPC s Role in the AEC CAES Project The only Operating CAES Power Plant ESPC developed the 110 MW CAES plant concept based on available off-shelf components including: The reheat, Intercooled and recuperated turbomachinery based on available Dresser Rand compressor and expander standard components Storage parameters Control philosophy for operation and Safety Advanced Recuperator ESPC was conducting Technical Supervision of the Project including: Supervision of the turbomachinery development by Dresser Rand Supervision of the HP combustors development by AIT Development of the test procedures Supervised performance guarantee tests and issued the Test Report Under contract with EPRI, ESPC recorded key plant parameters during three years after the project commercialization, and issued Value Engineering Report

8 Ground Breaking Ceremony DOE s Dr. R. Schainker, EPRI/DOE Ray Claussen, AEC, VP Operations, Planning Dr. M. Nakhamkin, ESPC ESPC Received EPRI/ Achievement Award

9 Alabama Compressed Air Energy Storage Plant Peak Power 110 MW; 26 hrs of continuous Power Generation; Heat rate is 4000 Btu/kWh; Off-Peak Power 51MW, Capital Cost $600/kW

10 Unique Features of the AEC s turbomachinery The CT Plant with Reheat expander Intercooled Compressor train Advanced Recuperator Power Control by both fuel and air flows

11 AEC CAES Plant (McIntosh, Alabama): AEC 110 MW 26 Hour CAES Plant (Commercial Operation 5/31/91)

12 AEC CAES Plant (McIntosh, Alabama): - - Arial View - - AEC McIntosh Site: CAES Plant On Right and Two Combustion Turbines On Left

13 Geologic Formations Potentially Suitable for CAES Plants That Use Underground Storage

14 CAES Air Storage Reservoir: McIntosh Alabama Salt Cavern Cavern Characteristics - Volume ~ 22M cubic ft. - Distance from Surface to Top of Cavern ~ 1500 ft. - Distance from Surface to Bottom of Cavern ~ 2500 ft. - Average Diameter of Cavern ~ 270 ft. - Average Wall Temperature ~ 60F Cavern Wellhead at AEC CAES Salt Cavern

15 Alabama Electric Cooperative CAES Plant: 110 MW Turbomachinery Hall From Left to Right: Compressors, Clutch, Motor-Generator and Expansion Turbine

16 CAES Plant Concepts Developed & Patented by ESPC with examples demonstrated based on GE 7FA Combustion Turbines

17 Advantages of Novel concepts The CAES concept for AEC was based on the turbomachinery developed and customized by ESPC using various compressor, expander, combustor, recuperator, etc. components It resulted in increased costs, longer schedule with extensive and expensive tuning up efforts. Novel Concepts are: Simple and based on standard combustion turbine CAES technology is external to the CT and is based on the air bottoming cycle (similar to steam bottoming cycle for CC plants) They have significantly lower capital costs without any additional fuel burners/combustors Schedule time is within two years The storage size is significantly reduced with associated costs

18 CTs Performance vs. Ambient Temperatures GER 3567H

19 GE 7241CT Performance (no storage, no injection) 1.613E+09 kj/hr LHV Heat Input 8.96 kg/sec Fuel Fuel Air Compressor Motor Air Injection 35.0 C bar 0.0 kg/sec 0.0 MW 30.0 C 0.0 kg/sec Air 30.0 C kg/sec Intercoolers Gas Turbine MW 10,094 kj/kwh r Compressed Air 35.0 C bar 0.0 kg/sec C bar 0.0 kg/sec Power Product ion Mode MW T otal Power 10,094 kj/kwh r Heat Rate Storage Exhaust C kg/sec Recuperator

20 CAES-AI Plant Based on GE 7241CT 1.710E+09 kj/hr LHV Heat Input 9.50 kg/sec Fuel Fuel Air Compressor Motor Air Injection C bar 50.0 kg/sec 29.1 MW 30.0 C 50.0 kg/sec Air 30.0 C kg/sec Intercoolers Gas Turbine MW 8,854 kj/kwh r Compressed Air 35.0 C bar 50.0 kg/sec C bar 50.0 kg/sec Power Product ion Mode MW T otal Power 8,854 kj/kwh r Heat Rate Storage Exhaust C kg/sec Recuperator

21 CAES-AI Based on GE 7241 with Expander 1.744E+09 kj/hr LHV Heat Input 9.69 kg/sec Fuel Fuel Air Compressor Motor Air Injection Expander 8.6 MW C bar 50.0 kg/sec 30.3 MW 30.0 C 50.0 kg/sec C Air 30.0 C kg/sec Intercoolers Gas Turbi ne MW 9,013 kj/kwh r Compressed Air 35.0 C bar 50.0 kg/sec C bar 50.0 kg/sec Power Production Mode MW T otal Power 8,631 kj/kwh r Heat Rate Storage Exhaust C kg/sec C Recuperator

22 CAES-AI Based on GE 7241with Bottoming Cycle 19.5 C 1.00 bar kg/sec LP Expander MW 1.744E+09 kj/hr LHV Heat Input 9.69 kg/sec Fuel Fuel Air Compressor Motor C bar kg/sec Air Injection HP Expander 89.9 MW C bar 50.0 kg/sec MW 30.0 C kg/sec C Air 30.0 C kg/sec Intercoolers Gas Turbine MW 9,015 kj/kwh r Compressed Air 35.0 C bar kg/sec C bar kg/sec Power Production Mode MW T otal Power 4,029 kj/kwh r Heat Rate Storage Exhaust C kg/sec C Recuperator

23 CAES-AI with Bottoming Cycle & Inlet Chilling 16.1 C 1.00 bar kg/sec 1.716E+09 kj/hr LHV Heat Input 9.53 kg/sec Fuel Air Compressor Expander MW Fuel Motor MW 35.0 C kg/sec C Air Intercoolers 15.0 C kg/sec Gas Turbine MW 9,863 kj/kwh r Compressed Air 35.0 C bar kg/sec C bar kg/sec Power Production Mode MW T otal Power 4,018 kj/kwh r Heat Rate Storage Exhaust C kg/sec C Recuperator

24 CAES Based on GE 7241with Bottoming Cycle 30.1 C 1.00 bar kg/sec 1.615E+09 kj/hr LHV Heat Input 8.97 kg/sec Fuel Expander Fuel Air Compressor MW Motor MW 30.0 C kg/sec C Air 30.0 C kg/sec Intercoolers Gas Turbi ne MW 10,090 kj/kwh r Compressed Air 35.0 C bar kg/sec C bar kg/sec Power Production Mode MW T otal Power 4,036 kj/kwh r Heat Rate Storage Exhaust C kg/sec C Recuperator

25 Summary Table of Performance Estimates (w/o specific optimization) CAES Conven. CAES-AI Total Power, MW CAES Power, MW 110 Off-Peak Comp. Power, MW CAES-AI & HP Expander CAES-AI & HP and LP Expander CAES & Expander CAES-AI w. Expander & Inlet Chilling Adiabatic CAES Power related Heat Rate, kj/kwh Total Power Fuel Related HR, kj/kwh Specific Air Consump. Kg/kWh Relative Cavern Volume Appr. Specific Capital Costs, $/kw Simplicity

26 Comparative Analysis of Generation Costs for Coal. CT, CC and CAES plants Peaking Power Generation Options Comparison Fuel $10 per MM BTU Gas (Coal $2) Cost ($/kw-yr) Coal Capacity Factor (%) 25 CT 30 CTCC 35 CAES 40

27 Technology Offerings ESPC offers the Power Augmentation - AI and CAES technology for licensing. ESPC delivers the AI and CAES projects on turn-key basis with typical performance guarantees ESPC is flexible to cooperate with Customers in delivery the AI and CAES projects. Discussion of program Business contactsdr. Michael Nakhamkin [mnakhamkin@espcinc.com] Website:

28 Typical Injections into CT/CC Plants