Nuclear Safety & Security Commission

Transcription

1 NUCLEAR SAFETY, OUR TOP PRIORITY Nuclear Safety & Security Commission 13F KT Bldg., 178 Sejong-daero, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03154, Republic of Korea Republic of Korea

2 Message from the Chairman The Nuclear Safety and Security Commission is responsible for nuclear safety regulation in Korea. From safety to RELIEF. The Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) pursues a nuclear safety policy that the people trust. The NSSC has been putting its utmost efforts for safety regulation of nuclear energy that makes the people feel safe and relieved. That is the core value of the NSSC, which was independently established. The NSSC will concentrate all its capabilities on establishing a new regulatory system that aims to realize nuclear safety and to improve nuclear safety regulation one step further. Under the motto of the first is safety, the second is safety, the NSSC will make Korea, a model country of nuclear safety with our strong and thorough regulation. The Commission was in 2011 established to protect people and the environment from the hazards that might result from the utilization of nuclear energy. With enhanced independence, technical expertise, and transparency, the Commission brings better nuclear safety to Korea and beyond. To this end, I would like to seek your continued attention and support. The NSSC will make greater efforts to make a happy society where the people feel relieved. I hope this booklet would greatly contribute to increased understanding of the NSSC s regulatory activities. Thank you. Chairman & Chief Regulatory Officer Yonghwan KIM 3

3 Introduction Introduction Vision Nuclear Safety, Our Top Priority Nuclear Safety Trusted by People and the World Statute Legislations such as the Nuclear Safety Act, the Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency, the Nuclear Liability Act and the Act on Protective Action Guidelines against Radiation in the Natural Environment stipulate regulation and safety management system, and principles in general. Mission Act Act on the Establishment and Operation of the NSSC Nuclear Safety Act, Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency, Nuclear Liability Act, etc. The Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) is committed to fulfilling nuclear safety missions : ensure the highest level of nuclear safety and security to protect people and the environment and contribute to the global peace and prosperity, protect nuclear facilities from internal and external threats such as terrorist attacks, strengthen emergency response system against radiological disasters, and comply with the international regulations on peaceful use of nuclear energy. History The promotion and regulation of nuclear energy in Korea had been consistently managed by a single government agency (formerly Ministry of Education, Science and Technology). However, in an effort to enhance regulatory independence and fairness, the Korean government has decided to separate the regulatory responsibilities from the previous nuclear energy administrative system. Against this backdrop, the NSSC was established as an independent administrative organization in 2011 in order to protect people and the environment from nuclear and radioactive threats, and regulate and supervise the safe management of nuclear facilities. Enforcement Decree (Presidential Decree) Enforcement Regulations (Ordinance of the Prime Minister) Technical Standards (Administrative Regulation) NSSC Notice (Administrative Regulation) Regulatory Standards Particulars entrusted by the Act Enforcement Decree of the Nuclear Safety Act and Enforcement Decrees of other related Acts Particulars entrusted by the Act and/or Decree and necessary for their enforcement (including detailed procedures and format of documents) Enforcement Regulations of the Nuclear Safety Act and Enforcement Regulations of other related Acts Brief technical standards as delegated by the Acts and/or Decrees Regulations on Technical Standards for Nuclear Reactor Facilities, etc., Regulations on Technical Standards for Radiological Safety Management, etc. Details on technical standards, procedures or formats as delegated by the Acts, Decrees, Regulations Notice on technical standards for the location of nuclear installations Further particulars or interpretation of technical standards 1958 Enactment of the Atomic Energy Act 1959 Establishment of the First Government Agency in Charge of Nuclear Energy, Atomic Energy Administration 1962 Operation of the First Research Reactor [TRIGA MARKⅡ] 1978 Commercial Operation of the First Nuclear Power Plant, Kori Unit Establishment of the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS) 1995 Operation of Research Reactor, Hanaro 1998 Commercial Operation of the First Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant, Hanul Unit Enactment of the Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency 2006 Establishment of the Korea Institute of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Control (KINAC) 2009 Export of APR-1400 (Reactor developed by Korea) to UAE 2011 Establishment of the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) Enactment of the Act on Protective Action Guidelines against Radiation in the Natural Environment 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit 2013 Opening of Kori Site Office Launch of the Nuclear Safety Council at NPP Sites 2014 Opening of International Nuclear Non-proliferation and Security Academy (INSA) Regulatory Guidelines Guidelines for Safety Review and Inspection Industrial Code and Standards Acceptable methods, conditions, specifications, etc. Standards Review Plan, Inspection Manuals, etc. KEPIC, ASME, IEEE, ASTM, etc. Opening of Wolsong, Hanul and Hanbit Site Offices Nuclear Safety and Security Commission 4 5

4 Introduction Introduction Administrative System The NSSC is an independent central government agency responsible for managing nuclear safety. It was established to protect people and the environment from the risk of radiation and supervise radiation-users implementation of safety management responsibilities. After being established under the President of the Republic of Korea pursuant to the Act on Establishment and Operation of the NSSC in 2011, the NSSC was moved to the Prime Minister s Office following a cabinet reshuffle. The NSSC independently regulates overall nuclear safety as a government body and cooperates with ministries such as the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP), the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), and the Ministry of Environment (ME). The NSSC has a head office, which consists of Planning and Coordination Office, Nuclear Regulatory Bureau and Radiation Emergency Bureau, and four regional offices nationwide. It is responsible for safety regulation on R&D, production and utilization of nuclear energy. Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS), Korea Institute of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Control (KINAC) and Korea Foundation of Nuclear Safety (KoFONS) provide the NSSC with expertise and technical support for nuclear safety and security. Chairman Secretary General Prime Minister Audit and lnspection Office Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy Nuclear Power Industry NSSC Safety Regulation Radiation Safety Radiological Emergency Prevention and Response Nuclear Non- Proliferation Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning Ministry of Environment, other Ministries concerned Radiation Safety Planning and Coordination Office Planning International Cooperation Safety Communication General Administration Nuclear Regulatory Bureau Nuclear Safety Policy Nuclear Safety License Review Safety Standard Radiation Emergency Bureau Radiation Safety Environmental Radiation Safety Nuclear Emergency Nuclear Safeguards & Export Control Kori Site Office Wolsong Site Office Hanbit Site Office Hanul Site Office Promotion of Nuclear Energy Staffing and Budget Organization As a consensual administrative organization that makes an independent decision on nuclear issues, the NSSC is headed by two standing commissioners (Chairman and Secretary General), and seven nonstanding commissioners (external professionals recommended by the Government and the National Assembly). In an effort to strengthen regulations on nuclear safety and security, and ensure regulatory transparency, the nuclear safety regulation fund to which billion KRW (USD 158 million) has been allocated was raised in A total of 764 employees (140 from the NSSC, 501 from the KINS, 82 from the KINAC and 41 from the KoFONS) are full-time working to enhance nuclear safety regulations as of the end of Nuclear Safety and Security Commission 6 7

5 Regulation on Nuclear Safety and Security Regulation on Nuclear Safety and Security Regulation on Nuclear Safety To prepare for unexpected natural disasters, the NSSC has improved the safety of nuclear power plants by enhancing anti-seismic design basis, installing automatic shutdown facilities and flood gates, and extending flooding barriers. In case of loss of power or flooding into nuclear power plants, the NSSC would prevent the situation from advancing into severe accident by providing mobile EDGs (Emergency Diesel Generators) and extra storage batteries, and installing outside injection channels for emergency cooling water. In case of damage to nuclear fuel, the NSSC would prevent massive release of radioactive materials by installing extra hydrogen elimination device, building exhaust ventilation systems in containment buildings and upgrading guidelines on serious accident management. Safety Regulation on Radiation Multiple regulatory approaches have been taken for safe management of not only artificial radioactive materials but also Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM). The approaches include supervision of safe handling of radioactive isotope used in radiation-using facilities, determination on suitability of radiation-using facilities, management of radiation workers exposure to radiation, etc. The NSSC oversees safety management of more than 7,000 radiation-using facilities including hospitals, industrial organizations, radiography institutes, schools, research centers, etc. Distribution To improve emergency response capability and minimize damage in case of large release of radioactive materials, the NSSC carries out radiological emergency response exercise and enhances response capability for simultaneous accidents at multiple reactors. Import Permission for Import Transport Transport Sales Use Disposal Production Permission for Production Safety Regulation Process for Nuclear Power Plants Regulation The NSSC ensures strict safety regulations at all life stages of nuclear power plant ranging from design, construction, operation, maintenance to decommissioning. Permission for Production Permission for Sales Permission for Use Self-disposal Declaration and Commissioned Disposal to Korea Radioactive Waste Agency(KORAD) Safety Inspection on All Stages of Distribution Review on Construction Permit Review on Operating License Application of Construction Permit Construction Permit Pre-operational Inspection Application of Operating License Issuance of Operating License It also strengthens both the check and control of radiation-using workers and facilities, which mainly monitors radiological impact on their health on a short and long-term basis. Application of Approval for Decommissioning within 5 years after the Permanent Shutdown NSSC : Blue Licensee : Green Permit for Continued Operation or Permanent Shutdown Review on Approval for Decommissioning Review on Continued Operation or Permanent Shutdown Approval for Decommissioning Application of Continued Operation or Permanent Shutdown Inspection on Decommissioning Status Daily and Periodic Inspection, Periodic Safety Review Report on the Completion of Decommissioning Commercial Operation Notification of Termination of Operating License Inspection on the Completion of Decommissioning Pre-operational Inspection: During all stages of NPP construction process, licensee is subject to NSSC s inspection on the construction and performance of an NPP. The NSSC is overall responsible for safe management of radioactive wastes generated in nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel-cycle facilities and radiation-using facilities at all stages of production, storage, transport and disposal. Inspection on the safety of radioactive waste disposal facilities is also carried out from construction, operation to closure. Safe and reliable living environment is created by protecting people from the environmental radiation, to which they might be exposed in various ways, and providing safety guidelines to the associated industries. The NSSC makes every effort for safe management of radiations in living environment by obligating workers dealing with radiation to officially register source materials and by-products containing natural radioactive materials, providing relevant safety guidelines and installing more radiation monitors at airports and seaports nationwide. Nuclear Safety and Security Commission 8 9

6 Regulation on Nuclear Safety and Security Regulation on Nuclear Safety and Security Radiation Protection System Korea has established national radiological emergency response system, led by the NSSC, with associated Ministries, in preparation against radioactive material leak which might occur in and outside the country. The NSSC enhances emergency response capabilities by holding and evaluating drills assuming new types of accidents such as complicated disaster and simultaneous accidents at multiple reactors. When a radiological accident occurs at a nuclear facility, the NSSC organizes a central radiological emergency management center, a nationwide emergency response control tower, and directs all responses and recovery activities. To make timely and organized emergency response, such as resident evacuation, radiological emergency management center is operated in the regions where nuclear facilities are located. Nationwide real-time environmental radiation monitoring system is in operation for early detection of nuclear power plant accidents that might occur in Korea or neighboring countries. The NSSC regularly conducts radiation analysis and evaluation on airborne, inland and maritime radiation with the help of other associated agencies to protect people from radiological hazards such as imported radioactive materials contaminating domestic agricultural, livestock and fishery products. Nuclear Non-proliferation Activities and Implementation The NSSC actively participates in global non-proliferation efforts through the implementation of IAEAbased safeguards and export/import control to ensure peaceful use of nuclear energy. It makes the utmost efforts to enhance transparency of Korea s nuclear energy. The NSSC determines whether export items or technology falls into the category of strategic item. It finally issues export license after checking end-use and end-user by referring to the guidelines from international export control regime. Nuclear Export Promotion Service (NEPS) is in operation to conveniently handle all the relevant inquiries on-line. A variety of information on export/import control is also provided to the public. The International Nuclear Non-proliferation and Security Academy (INSA), which was founded in February 2014, provides international training courses on safeguards, strategic trade controls and nuclear security (physical protection) to nuclear newcomer countries or countries planning to introduce nuclear power. Such transfer of know-how and experience greatly contributes to strengthening global non-proliferation and nuclear security regime. Medical Service System for Radiological Emergency The NSSC established the National Radiological Emergency Medical Center, composed of 23 hospitals specializing in radiological emergency and led by the Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences. The center intensively treat patients exposed to radiation in case of radiological accident. Military-Police- Fire joint emergency drill is regularly held to strengthen medical capabilities in case of radiological accident and terrorist attack. IAEA NSSC Multilateral Cooperation NSG, etc. National Regulatory Framework for Physical Protection The NSSC operates physical protection system which prevents, detects and responds to the threats posed by illegal transfer of nuclear materials and sabotage to nuclear facilities. It has also established world-class protective actions through information exchange and technology development with the IAEA, the U.S. and other partners. The NSSC assesses internal and external threats to nuclear materials and facilities, and revises Design Basis Threats (DBT) based on the assessments. The DBT is used for more effective physical protection regulations. Review on security plans, inspection on nuclear facilities and training for security staff are carried out for implementation of physical protective action. Radiological terrorism detection & prevention technologies and relevant framework are under development to prevent nuclear terrorism and establish emergency response system. IAEA Inspection NPP Mandatory Implementation of Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (CSA) and Additional Protocol to the IAEA Safeguards Agreement nuclear fuel fabrication facility [KINAC] Bilateral Agreement Bilateral Cooperation the U.S, Canada, etc. research institute academy industry Nuclear Safety and Security Commission 10 11

7 Public Communication International Cooperation Communication and Information Disclosure To establish reliable nuclear safety system for the public, the NSSC increased communication channels connecting with the regional residents and discloses a variety of information on nuclear regulation. The Nuclear Safety Councils are set up at each nuclear power plant site including Kori, Yonggwang, Uljin and Wolsong. With the participation of local residents and regional experts, the council meeting discusses regional concerns on nuclear safety and collects the locals opinions for feedback. Information on nuclear regulatory activities and nuclear safety is disclosed in an prompt and transparent manner through various channels including official website ( blog ( com) and SNS (twitter, facebook). The NSSC recently opened the Nuclear Safety Information Center ( an on-line portal on nuclear safety information, in June The public may have access to information on nuclear safety, radiation safety, real-time environmental radiation, nuclear power plant accidents and failures, etc. To root out corruptive actions in nuclear industry and raise people s awareness on nuclear safety through their voluntary participation, the NSSC has operated Nuclear Safety Ombudsman since June Reports can be submitted anonymously via homepage, , telephone, fax, post, etc. All nuclear safety information produced in the NSSC should in principle be disclosed to the public. Against this backdrop, the NSSC ensures transparent decision-making process for nuclear safety policy, expands communication channels with residents living near nuclear power plants and discloses a variety of nuclear regulatory information to the public. All of the efforts are aimed at ensuring peoples rights to know, enhancing transparency in nuclear safety regulations and creating a reliable nuclear safety system. The NSSC increases transparency of decision-making process and gains public confidence by admitting public to the meetings of the Commission, disclosing stenographic records of the meetings and preserving meeting recordings. Nuclear Safety Policy Coordination Committee Nuclear Safety Council Coordinate nuclear safety-related policies and issues at the central government level, participated by high ranking official from the related ministries Hold quarterly meetings with the Council members of each NPP site consisting of residents, local governments and the NSSC Provide information to the local residents and discuss mutual interests Cooperation in General The NSSC undertakes a broad range of overseas collaborative activities such as technical research, sharing of information, and exchange of experts, which is focused on the improvement of nuclear safety and security. Further information is available at (phone) , (fax) Multilateral Cooperation As part of an effort to strengthen cooperative partnership with international organizations such as the IAEA, the OECD/NEA, etc., the NSSC has actively participated in a variety of international conferences, experts meetings and working groups. Therefore, the NSSC has significantly contributed to advancing nuclear safety standards and enhancing regulatory capabilities in the global community. Regional Cooperation Nuclear safety is of great significance to the Northeast Asia where nuclear power plants are densely located. Against this backdrop, the nuclear safety regulatory authorities from Korea, China and Japan created Top Regulators Meeting (TRM), a trilateral cooperative body, in The three countries hold annual meeting by rotation, exchange information on nuclear safety, and discuss issues in which they are interested. For more practical and cooperative activities, the TRM formed three working groups, which are aimed at facilitating On-line Information Sharing (OIS), Human Resource Development (HRD) and Emergency Preparedness & Response (EPR), and annually holds joint emergency drill by turns to improve emergency response capabilities in the region. Bilateral Cooperation Bilateral cooperation for nuclear safety regulation, technology and policies has been strengthened especially in the fields of decommissioning and radioactive waste disposal with the American and European countries by holding more regular meetings and expanding exchange programs. In particular, the NSSC facilitates bilateral cooperation with the U.S. on nuclear safety technology, regulatory standards and joint research by holding annual steering committee meetings. Nuclear Safety Information Center Nuclear Safety Ombudsman Get access to safety data such as review and inspection reports on NPPs in operation or under construction Establish prevention system against corruptive actions and irregularities in nuclear industry Provide financial compensation to the informers of detected irregularities based on the investigation of each case Cooperation with Embarking Countries The NSSC builds nuclear safety network with latecomers in nuclear power development and potential nuclear energy users such as Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, and systematically supports their training of regulatory staffs, knowledge transfer and construction of relevant infrastructure. Nuclear Safety and Security Commission 12 13

8 Major Statistics Major Statistics Facility Status Nuclear Power Plants Nuclear reactor Type Power generating reactor No. In operation 25 Under construction 5 Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., [Kori(4), Shinkori(3), Wolsong(4), Shinwolsong(2), Hanul(6), Hanbit(6)] Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., [Shinkori(3), Shinhanul(2)] Research reactor 1 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute [Hanaro] Education reactor 1 Kyunghee University [AGN-201] Type Kori Wolsong Hanbit Hanul Total Unit 7(3) 6 6 6(2) 25(5) Capacity (MWe) 6,537 (4,200) 4,779 5,900 * Figures in parenthesis indicate the number of reactors under construction. 5,900 (2,800) * Shinkori, Shinhanul, Shinwolsong units are included in the categories of Kori, Hanul and Wolsong, respectively. 23,116 (7,000) Nuclear fuel cycle facility Nuclear fuel fabrication facility Spent nuclear fuel processing facility Intermediate and low level radioactive waste disposal facility Radiation-using organizations 7,196 1 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute [Research reactor nuclear fuel fabrication facility] 1 KEPCO NF [NPP nuclear fuel fabrication facility] 1 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute [Research on spent nuclear fuel] 1 Korea Radioactive Waste Agency Organizations producing, selling and using radioactive isotopes and radiation generating devices Safety Managment Facilities Unmanned environmental radiation monitoring system In total, 134 monitors are operating 24 hours nationwide. Local radiation monitoring stations The number of stations increased from 14 to 15. The number of monitoring devices installed in domestic airports and seaports 10 (2012) 32 (2013) 53 (2014) 73 (2015) 96 (2016) NPPs in operation Radiation-using Organizations NPPs under construction Radioactive waste disposal facility Hanul(6) Shinhanul(2) Type Number of organizations Industrial Organization, etc. Medical Organization Education and Research Organization Total 6, ,196 Gyeongju * Increase in number of organizations : 1,692 (2000) 2,723 (2005) 5,155 (2011) 5,606 (2012) 6,085 (2013) 6,612 (2014) 7,024 (2015) 7,196 (May 2016) Hanbit(6) Wolsong(4) Shinwolsong(2) Kori(4) Shinkori(6) MOU Country Date Country Date UAE (FANR) Dec. 20, 2011 CANADA (CNSC) Apr. 16, 2012 FINLAND (STUK) May 4, 2012 USA (NRC) Sept. 18, 2012 FRANCE (ASN) Oct. 19, 2012 SWEDEN (SSM) Sept. 23, 2014 GERMANY (BMUB) Sept. 24, 2014 JORDAN (EMRC) Dec. 22, 2014 VIET NAM (VARANS) Sept. 15, 2015 CHINA (NNSA) Nov. 26, 2015 Nuclear Safety and Security Commission 14