Estimation. Energy. Engineering. and
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1 Estimation Energy and Engineering
2 WARNING THIS LECTURE CONTAINS BRIEF AMOUNTS OF FORMULAS AND MATH IF YOU FEEL NAUSEA OR LIGHTHEADEDNESS PLEASE LOOK AWAY
3 Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement cement is just the binder material concrete is a mix of cement and aggregate
4 Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon silicone is a manmade rubber-like polymer silicon is an element that makes up sand and is used to make semiconductor wafers
5 Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor engines produce kinetic energy from a fuel source electric motors convert electricity into mechanical motion
6 Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer a nut is a threaded fastener used with a bolt a washer is a ring with a hole used for distributing a load and sometimes spacing
7 Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw requires a through hole or a tapped hole bolts are externally threaded fasteners designed for insertion through holes tightened a nut. requires a pilot hole screws are shafts, typically tapered, with a helical groove or thread formed on its surface
8 Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw inexpensive vs. cheap inexpensive means relatively low cost for the product cheap includes a low quality connotation
9 Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw inexpensive vs. cheap metal vs. steel there are many metals which are basic elements steel is a metal alloy of iron and carbon
10 Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw inexpensive vs. cheap metal vs. steel tap vs. die a tap is a tool used to put threads into a hole a die is a tool used to put threads onto a shaft
11 Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw inexpensive vs. cheap metal vs. steel tap vs. die milling and turning milling is like drilling but can cut in the sideways directions too turning is machining cylindrical parts on a lathe
12 Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw inexpensive vs. cheap metal vs. steel tap vs. die milling and turning chamfer vs. fillet vs. round fillet is the rounding of an interior or exterior edge chamfer is a beveled edge connecting two surfaces round is the rounding of an exterior edge only
13 Energy a measure of the potential for change never created or destroyed converted between different forms! -Smil
14 equations to convert between different forms! Energy
15 equations to convert between different forms! Energy work kinetic F d F=force d=distance 1/2 m v 2 m=mass v=speed T ø T = torque (F*d) ø=angle of rotation 1/2 I w 2 I = moment of inertia w=angular velocity potential pressure m g h m=mass g=gravity h=height 1 /2 k x 2 k=spring constant, x=distance thermal P V P=pressure m Cp T m= mass, T=temp change V=volume Cp H 2 0 = 1 Calorie or J /g ºC
16 Joules... Calories... kwh... kg m 2 /s 2 Units of Energy? 10 kg, 1 m per day AA Cell 1.5 ton car 1 Gallon sunflower seed D Cell 100 J 1KJ 10 KJ 100 KJ 1 MJ 10 MJ 100 MJ KJ = Thousand J MJ= Million J
17 Here in the USA, how do we produce Energy for Electricity? nuclear 22% other 1% renewable 15% natural gas 28% coal 34% 30 MJ / kg.05$ / kg aei annual energy review MJ
18 Power Rate Amount of Work or Energy Transfer per unit time Units of Watts or J/s
19 Power Equations equations for energy divided by time mechanical fluids electrical F v (force x velocity) P V (pressure x volume flow) VI (voltage x current)
20 Power Range (ers) sinks large buildings 1 W 100W 1 KW 10 KW 100 KW 1 MW 10 MW TOYS KW = Thousand W MW= Million W
21 Toaster Power! 1 kw x 100 seconds =100 KJ
22 Power Range (ers) sources nuclear person output insolation per m 2 1 W 100W 1 KW 10 KW 100 KW solar panels ~ 30% efficient 1 MW 10 MW KW = Thousand W MW= Million W
23 the Grid! combust turbine generator chemical thermal mechanical electrical energy energy energy energy
24 the Grid! is 30-40% efficient! Alternating Current (AC) 50 or 60 Hz ~120 or 240 Volts Home Circuit Breakers 15A, 20A, or 30A 30 MJ / kg 3
25 Batteries direct current (DC) cells vs. batteries Primary (Alkaline) and Secondary (Lithium ion) Alkaline Lithium Ion voltage specific energy 1.5 V 4 V ~500 kj/kg cost 1x 45x
26 Estimation Example! Can 500 seagulls lift James peach? how much does the peach weigh? peach volume ~ sphere = 4/3*pi*radius^3 peach radius ~ 4 james 1 james ~ 1 meter peach volume ~ 256 m3 james density of peach ~ density of water ~ 1000 kg/m3 weight of peach ~ 256,000 kg ~ 250,000 kg ~500,000 lbs 500,000 lbs / 500 seagulls = 1000 lbs per seagull
27 no internet/phones Estimation Game How many people on bicycles would it take to comfortably toast bread with a human powered toaster? Based on estimated use, how much should the battery pack weigh in Tooth Tunes (it s not rechargeable)? Can you power a mechanical bull in your house on a standard 120V, 15A wall outlet? How long will it take to heat a hot dog with a traditional Easy Bake Oven?
28 Logistics and Extras Budget questions? Our/The Idea vs. My Idea Check in here first on Wednesday Sketch Model iteration 1 due beginning of Lab this week Final Models due Wednesday March 7 for Photos Sketch Model Expo Thursday March 8 here
29 Sketch Model Expo during your lab time on March 8 (before spring break) does this sketch model explain more than the poster? is it obvious that something was learned from making this model? is this concept being taken in a good direction? Use your Notebook to plan! We will check them. 3 weeks = 36 hours outside of class for build each model should reflect 36 hours of combined work
30 QUESTIONS?
Estimation. Energy. Engineering. and
Estimation Energy and Engineering WARNING THIS LECTURE CONTAINS BRIEF AMOUNTS OF FORMULAS AND MATH IF YOU FEEL NAUSEA OR LIGHTHEADEDNESS PLEASE LOOK AWAY Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement cement
Estimation. Energy. Engineering. and
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