ORGANICS IN WATER. BY: Roy Bellemin

Transcription

1 ORGANICS IN WATER BY: Ry Bellemin

2 ORGANICS AND STANDARD METHODS Organic Defined: Relating t r cntaining carbn cmpunds Standard Methds Differentiates 2 general classificatins 1. Measurements that quantify individual rganic cmpunds (sectin 6000). 2. Measurements that quantify an aggregate amunt f rganic matter cmprmising rganic cnstituents with a cmmn characteristic (sectin 5000). BOD-Bichemical xygen demand COD-Chemical xygen demand AOC-Assimilable xygen demand TOC-Ttal rganic carbn

3 WHAT TOC IS NOT 1. Des nt measure ther rganically bund elements such as nitrgen r hydrgen 2. Des nt measure inrganics that can cntribute t the xygen demand. Therefre, des nt replace BOD, AOC, and COD testing. TOC is independent f the xidatin state f the rganic matter

4 TOC MAKE-UP Suspended Organic Carbn Nnpurgeable Organic Carbn- Nn- DOC Purgeable Suspended VOC Organic Organic Purgeable Carbn DBP Precursrs Carbn Organic Carbn DOC-the prtin f the TOC that passes thrugh a 0.45 um filter Suspended rganic carbn r particulate carbn-the fractin f the TOC retained by a 0.45 um filter. VOC (Purgeable rganic carbn)-the fractin f the TOC that can be remved frm an aqueus slutin by gas stripping under specified cnditins. the fractin f the TOC nt remvable by gas stripping.

5 TOC CONCERNS IN POTABLE WATER Regulatry cncerns TOC remval requirements Organic species react with disinfectants that prduce ptentially txic and carcingenic cmpunds classified as DBP's. TTHM-80 ug/l HAAS-60 ug/l Surce Water TOC (mg/l) > > Surce Water Alkalinity (mg/l as CaCO 3 ) 0 60 > > % 25 % 15 % 45 % 35 % 25 % > % 40 % 30 %

6 TOC CONCERNS IN POTABLE WATER, CONT. Indirect cncerns Custmer cmplaints Taste and dr Clr Nutrient surce fr undesired bilgical grwth May be detrimental fr prcess use In exchange R. O. Membranes

7 DISINFECTION VERSUS STERILIZATION Nte: Disinfectin is nt sterilizatin: by definitin, disinfectin refers t the inactivatin f certain waterbrne pathgens, namely Viruses and Giardia. There remain in the water bilgical species that by definitin are nt cnsidered t be disease causing rganisms. Under specific cnditins, an envirnment may exist that enhances prliferatin f certain bilgical species. Nitrificatin is the result f such a phenmenn. It is a micrbial reactin. FALSE POSITIVES

8 Chlrine Curve Cl 2 :N <5:1 Cl 2 :N >5:1 Cl 2 :N >9:1 Ttal Ammnia Dichlramine Frmatin Ttal and Free Ammnia Ttal Residual Chlrine Free Ammnia Mnchlramine Frmatin Free Residual Chlrine Chlrine Added FROM HACH PRESENTATION. USED WITH PERMISSION.

9 BIOFILM CONCEPTS Until very recently, research was fcused n individual rganisms that caused disease. Very little research dne n rganisms that exist in symbitic relatinships. Organisms exist in a cmplex cmmunity f ther rganisms. Organisms d nt survive n islatin. Sessile (attached) rganisms versus planktnic (free-flating) nes. Past research dne n pure cultures f free flating rganisms impsed a bias in study design that impacted results.

10 WHAT IS BIOFILM? Depsit f bacteria and ther micrrganisms, rganic and inrganic that accumulate in a slime layer material. Bifilm can frm n liquid and slid surfaces. Bacteria attach first and secrete excellular plymeric substance (EPS) r slime. Slime layer traps additinal nutrients s that fungi, ther bacteria, prtzans, helminths, and viruses jin the cmmunity. Every bifilm is unique, cntaining clnies f cells encased in an EPS with fluid channels between clnies fr nutrient transfer.

11 LIFE CYCLE OF BIOFILM Attachment/Clnizatin. Grwth and Develpment frm planktnic t sessile. Mvement t transfer genetic material. Detachment and External Clnizatin t frm a fd chain.

12 WATER-BASED PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH BIOFILMS Bacteria Acinetbacter baumanii Aermnas hydrphila Chlamydiales, Parachlamydiales, Nechlamydiales Simkania negevensis Waddlia chndrphila LEGIONELLA SPP. Nn-tuberculsis Mycbacterium Pseudmnas aeruginsa Stentrphmnas maltphila Listeria spp. Virus Mimivirus Mamavirus Fungi Aspergillus spp. Candida spp. Exphiala dermatitidis Fusarium spp. Prtzans Acanthameba spp. Balamutha mandrillaris Hartmanell spp. Vahlkampfia spp. NAEGLERIA FOWLERII

13 BIOFILM ENHANCEMENTS Easy access t nutrients fr the cmmunity. Ability t enter hibernatin when stressed. Enables parasites t jin the grup. Genetic transfer between cells.

14 CONCEPTS FOR CONTROLLING BIOFILM Preventing Bifilm frm frming. Cleaning and Disinfectin. Cntrl micrbial interactins. Cntrl micrbial metablites.

15 IMPORTANCE OF CORROSION CONTROL Crrsin By-Prducts enhance prliferatin f sme types f bilgical cnstituents. Irn-Reducing Bacteria Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Tuberculatin increases surface area fr initial attachment. Under-depsit crrsin leads t further ptential grwth f anaerbic micrbes.

16 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ENEMIES Water Stagnatin and Stratificatin in Strage Tanks Lse Cl 2 Residual Bilgical Issue Creates Cl 2 demand when mixing with fresh Chlrinated water Water Age All Disinfectant Species degrade with increased time and temperature. Reactins are reversible.

17 Surface System Disinfectin Prfile Lcatin Hwy. Parish Hagew d ACR Hwy. Jet 24 Hwy. Cllins Hwy. Ecn Ldge I-49 Elevated Hwy. Wendy s Free Chlrine Ttal Chlrine Nitrite Nitrate Free Ammnia Chlramines ph Temperature F ATP (pg/ml)

18 DIAGNOSING ATP RESULTS <1.0 pg/ml-green-excellent Cntrl 1-5 pg/ml-blue-acceptable Cntrl 5-10 pg/ml-orange-area f Cncern >10 pg/ml-red-remediatin

19 Third Quarter 2017 ATP Results 4TH QUARTER % 6-10 pg/ml >10 pg/ml <1 pg/ml 1-5 pg/ml 6-10 pg/ml >10 pg/ml 95% Disinfectin prfile summary

20 A UNIDIRECTIONAL FLUSHING PROGRAM May Be The Mst Imprtant Tl In Our Tl Bx

21 NOT GOING TO GET IT DONE

22 THIS IS WHAT IT TAKES

23 THE END. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION