NEW INNOVATIONS FOR CHANGING REGULATIONS

Transcription

1 CITY OF DAYTON NEW INNOVATIONS FOR CHANGING REGULATIONS RACHEL EASTER WATER BACTERIOLOGIST CHEMIST DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY & TREATMENT

2 BACKGROUND The City f Daytn Water Department serves 400,000 peple in the City f Daytn and surrunding Mntgmery Cunty. Pump MGD. Tw water treatment plantsbth lime sftening. Grund water under the influence f surface water. Lime Reclamatin Facility

3 OVERVIEW Regulatin, Labratry Prcedures and Innvatin surrunding: Natinal Pllutant Discharge Eliminatin System (NPDES) Hetertrphic Plate Cunt (HPC) Revised Ttal Clifrm Rule (RTCR) and Lng Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2) Harmful Algal Blms (HAB)

4 NPDES NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM

5 NPDES REGULATION Natinal Pllutant Discharge Eliminatin System is a set f effluent limitatins fr discharging pllutants t natural waterways. 2 Permit in place t ensure safety f the wildlife where the water is being discharged. The City f Daytn has an NPDES permit t discharge frm the L-shaped Lagn t the Mad River.

6 NPDES REGULATION (CONT.) Per City f Daytn s permit, the amunt f Ttal Chlrine and Ttal Slids discharged t the river is strictly limited. The amunt f Chlrine discharged t the river cannt exceed mg/l. The amunt f ttal slids discharged t the river cannt exceed 45 mg/l at any pint and cannt average mre than 30 mg/l slids.

7 NPDES LAB PROCEDURE USEPA Standard Methd 4500-Cl G fr drinking water analysis uses DPD pwder pillws and a clrimeter t quantify chlrine. This methd can measure Cl frm mg/l. This prcess takes apprximately three minutes.

8 NPDES LAB PROCEDURE (CONT.) A 10mL prtin f sample is added t a the vial. The vial is placed in the clrimeter and blanked. Add the ttal chlrine DPD packet t the sample. Wait three minutes, the sample will turn frm clear t pink. Read the sample in the clrimeter. The strnger the pink clr, the greater the chlrine The clrimeter will give a Cl value, in mg/l t tw decimal places. cncentratin.

9 NPDES INNOVATION Fr the purpses f testing the Cl frm the L-shaped lagn, fr the NPDES permit, the City f Daytn has mved away frm the DPD methd t an ampermetric titratin methd. The Hach TitraLab AT1000 uses a frward titratin t detect a Cl range f mg/l.

10 NPDES INNOVATION (CONT.) Based n Standard Methd 4500-Cl D, the Titralab AT1000 uses ptassium idide, and a ph buffer t titrate a chlrine sample with phenylarsine xide (PAO). The end pint is determined by a Pt-Pt Electrde The chemical reactin at wrk is: PhAsO + Cl 2 +2H 2 O PhAsO(OH) 2 + 2Cl - +2H +

11 NPDES INNOVATION PROCEDURE Titralab AT1000 fr Ttal Chlrine Analysis: Measure ut 200 ml f samples Insert prbes and tubing int sample Add ptassium idide pwder Wait fr results

12 NPDES OLD PROCEDURE VS INNOVATION Hach Clmetric DPD methd has a magnesium interference. The L-shaped lagn cntains magnesium frm lime residuals. Ampermetric titratin methd can accunt fr magnesium interference.

13 HPC HETEROTROPHIC PLATE COUNT

14 HPC REGULATION HPC is standard analytical prcedure t measure a f variety f bacteria cmmnly fund in water. These bacteria are naturally present in the envirnment. HPC has n MCL. They are merely an indicatr f the maintenance f the water system. 1

15 HPC REGULATION (CONT.) A high hetertrphic plate cunts indicates bifilm build up in the distributin system. Althugh n MCL exists, treatment techniques shuld aim t maintain HPC belw 500 CFU/mL. 5 Fr water utilities, the finished water shuld cntain less than 10 CFU/mL. 5 There are varius methds that can be used t measure HPCs.

16 HPC LAB PROCEDURE MEMBRANE FILTRATION METHOD Accrding t standard methd 9215B, HPCs are determined via membrane filtratin methd. A 100mL sample is filtered, plated n R2A agar and incubated fr 48 hurs. After 48 hurs, the clnies are cunted. The results are reprted as clnies per 100mL. Sme samples must be diluted as t nt have a result f t numerus t cunt (aka 200 clnies per plate).

17 HPC LAB PROCEDURE IDEXX METHOD IDEXX prvides a SimPlate methd fr Hetertrphic plate cunts, this is based n the same principles as standard methd 9215B. SimPlate uses a multiple enzyme technlgy medium. 3

18 HPC LAB PROCEDURE IDEXX METHOD (CONT.) This methd wrks n the premise that waterbrne bacteria will metablize an enzyme substrate and prduce a specific (flurescent) signal. The plate is filled with sample and incubated fr 48 hurs. The number f wells that fluresce cnvert t a mst prbable number. 3

19 HPC INNOVATION LUMINULTRA The Luminultra methd utilizes a phtmeter t measure the light prduced frm ATP cntained in bacteria. 6 Fr drinking water, the intra-celluar ATP f living bilgical cells are measured t btain a micrbial cunt equivalent. 6

20 HPC INNOVATION LUMINULTRA (CONT.) Results given in minutes. Prtable set up. Reprts results fr all bacteria present. Lng shelf life fr cnsumables. Cmplex prcedure.

21 HPC LUMINULTRA SOP Calibrate Luminmeter. Mix sample fr hmgeneity. Remve plunger frm 60 ml syringe, and attach filter. Pur int plunger sample Push sample vlume thrugh filter and int waste a rate f 3-5mL per secnd. Stp befre air is pushed thrugh filter, ensure filter remains wet.

22 HPC LUMINULTRA SOP (CONT.) Detach filter, and remve plunger. Re-attach filter and add 1mL f UltraLyse 7. Push Ultralyse entirely thrugh filter, t dry, int an UltraLute dilutin tube. Cap and invert 3x. Pipette 100µL f that int an assay tube and add 100µL Luminase. Insert assay tube and results are given instantly.

23 HPC PROCEDURE VS INNOVATION Membrane filter methd: sensitive, time cnsuming, inexpensive IDEXX methd: unreliable, time cnsuming, mderate expense Luminultra methd: prtable, less time, expensive, extensive prcedure

24 LT2 LONG TERM 2 ENHANCED WATER TREATMENT RULE

25 REGULATION LT2 RULE The LT2 rule builds upn the Safe Drinking Water Act. Rule was added t mnitr Cryptspridium. 9 Crypt is resistant t disinfectin.

26 PROCEDURE LT2 RULE: MONTHLY COLLECTION Samples are cllected at raw water inlet. Line is flushed fr 2-3 min. Envirchek filter is cnnected t apparatus. At least 10 L f water is filtered thrugh. Bth ends f filter are stppered, enclsing the remaining amunt f water inside.

27 INNOVATION LT2 RULE: TESTING A raw water bacteria sample is cllected Sample is analyzed via membrane filter methd n mendo agar and incubated fr hurs. Clnies are cunted. Filter is then re-plated n t nutrient agar with MUG fr fur hurs. Clnies that fluresce are cunted as E. Cli.

28 PROCEDURE LT2 ANNUAL COLLECTION & TESTING Matrix Spike: A 10 L bulk sample f raw water is cllected in a cubitainer and sent t a Crypt lab fr a matrix spike analysis. This is cllected nce, every twenty samples. 10

29 PROCEDURE LT2 ANNUAL TESTING (CONT.) Micrscpic Particulate Analysis: 100 L f water sent thrugh an MPA filter ver hurs. This is sent ut fr analysis, fr: particulate debris, prtzans, algae and ther rganisms. 11

30 RTCR REVISED TOTAL COLIFORM RULE

31 REVISED TOTAL COLIFORM RULE REGULATION Final revisins made 2/2014. In effect 4/2016. Set MCL fr E. Cli. Eliminated Fecal Clifrms. Changed mnitring and public ntificatin requirements.

32 RTCR INNOVATION Eliminated Fecal Clifrm Ps verificatin in favr f E.Cli verificatin. Made switch frm EC media t EC with MUG.

33 HAB HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM

34 HAB REGULATION Harmful algal blms are large grwths f cyanbacteria. Cyantxins can cause illness and even death. 4 The USEPA has implemented health advisry levels fr the cyantxins- micrcystins and cylindrspermpsin. 4 Mnitring is required nly fr public water systems surcing surface water r grundwater under the influence f surface water.

35 HAB INNOVATION Harmful Algal Blms are tested via the ELISA methd, innvated by ABRAXIS. ELISA is enzyme-linked immunsrbent assay. ELISA is an immunassay detectin methd fr micrcystins in water. 12 Specific antibdies cmpete with prteins n the plate fr binding sites. 12 When cmbined with a clr substrate, a blue clr is given ff and the intensity is read at 450 nm. 12

36 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. EPA- Table f Regulated Drinking Water Cntaminants 2. NPDES Permit Limits 3. SimPlate HPC 4. HAB Rules Factsheet 0March% pdf 5. Hetertrphic Plate Cunt 6. Our Technlgy (Luminultra)

37 BIBLIOGRAPHY (CONT.) 7. PhtnMaster Prduct Fact Sheet t.pdf 8. Revised Ttal Clifrm Rule and Ttal Clifrm Rule 9. Fact Sheet- Lng Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule LT2 Sample Cllectin Pcket Guide MPA fr Filtratin Plant Optimizatin EPA 910-R (1996) 12. Ohi EPA Ttal Micrcystins- ADDA by ELISA Versin 2.0 (2015)

38 THANK YOU