Land use & water quality project Hurunui case study area
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1 Land use & water quality project Hurunui case study area Background hydrology and water quality information Land use & water quality project About catchment Water resources Surface water Groundwater Water quality Nutrient effects Surface & groundwater state & trend Ecological health of streams 1
2 2
3 Surface water hydrology 3
4 Where does the water comes from?? Median flow (m3/s) No 2 Hut 11.5 North Esk 3.4 South Branch 10 Above Mandamus 39 Mandamus 2 Waitohi 0.3 Pahau 1? SH
5 Median flows Median flow (m3/s) Waiau Mouth Hurunui SH1 Waimakariri Rakaia Waitaki SH1 Hurunui low flow Waiau low flow upper lower upper lower Groundwater understanding 5
6 Groundwater depth Groundwater depth 6
7 Nutrient effects why are we interested? Five main impacts on surface water of excess nutrients Growth of algae and cyanobacteria (periphyton) on stream bed (biomass) 7
8 Nutrient effects why are we interested? Five main impacts on surface water of excess nutrients Growth of algae and cyanobacteria (periphyton) on stream bed (biomass) Aesthetic appearance Clogs up bottom for invertebrates Oxygen demand Nutrient effects why are we interested? Five main impacts on surface water of excess nutrients Growth of algae and cyanobacteria (periphyton) on stream bed (biomass) Growth of toxic periphyton (eg phormidium) 8
9 Nutrient effects why are we interested? Five main impacts on surface water of excess nutrients Growth of algae and cyanobacteria (periphyton) on stream bed (biomass) Growth of toxic periphyton (eg phormidium) Cause of dog deaths in Canterbury 9
10 Nutrient effects why are we interested? Five main impacts on surface water of excess nutrients Growth of algae and cyanobacteria (periphyton) on stream bed (biomass) Growth of toxic periphyton (eg phormidium) Growth of aquatic plants (macrophytes) 10
11 Nutrient effects why are we interested? Five main impacts on surface water of excess nutrients Growth of algae and cyanobacteria (periphyton) on stream bed (biomass) Growth of toxic periphyton (eg phormidium) Growth of aquatic plants (macrophytes) Clogging up of waterways (incl drains) Oxygen demand Nutrient effects why are we interested? Five main impacts on surface water of excess nutrients Growth of algae and cyanobacteria (periphyton) on stream bed (biomass) Growth of toxic periphyton (eg phormidium) Growth of aquatic plants (macrophytes) Growth of floating algae and cyanobacteria in lakes & ponds (phytoplankton) 11
12 Nutrient effects why are we interested? Five main impacts on surface water of excess nutrients Growth of algae and cyanobacteria (periphyton) on stream bed (biomass) Growth of toxic periphyton (eg phormidium) Growth of aquatic plants (macrophytes) Growth of floating algae and cyanobacteria in lakes & ponds (phytoplankton) Toxins can be produced Poor water clarity Oxygen demand 12
13 Nutrient effects why are we interested? Four main impacts on surface water of excess nutrients Growth of algae and cyanobacteria (periphyton) on stream bed (biomass) Growth of toxic periphyton (eg phormidium) Growth of aquatic plants (macrophytes) Growth of floating algae and cyanobacteria in lakes & ponds (phytoplankton) Toxicity of nitrate to aquatic organisms Toxic to invertebrates and other aquatic fauna Nutrient effects why are we interested? Groundwater Drinking water standard is for nitrate in particular Blue baby syndrome (Methemoglobinemia Groundwater discharges into surface water so all the effects on surface water are important as well 13
14 Groundwater quality (N max) Groundwater Nitrogen trend 14
15 Groundwater Nitrogen trend Well 28m deep Groundwater quality (P max) 15
16 Surface water quality monitoring sites River classes 16
17 River classes Surface water quality state - Phosphorus Measured median DRP (mg/l) Stream class median Upper Hurunui Waitohi Pahau Dry Stream St Leonards Hurunui Hurunui SH7 SH1 Alpine Upper Hill-fed lower Spring-fed lower Alpine basin lower 17
18 Surface water quality trend Phosphorus Dissolved phosphorus Annual average concentration (mg/l) / / / / / Surface water quality state - Nitrogen Measured median 2 Stream class median DIN (mg/l) Upper Hurunui Hurunui SH7 Waitohi Pahau Dry Stream St Leonards Hurunui SH1 Alpine Upper Hill-fed lower Spring-fed lower Alpine basin lower 18
19 Surface water quality trend Nitrogen Nitrate nitrogen Annual average concentration (mg/l) Waitohi River Dry Stream Pahau River St Hurunui River Hurunui River Leonards SH7 SH1 Dn 2005/ / / / /10 Stream health monitoring Tolerant of pollution Sensitive to pollution Gradual change in dominant predominance presence indicates good taxa as habitat and water indicate habitat and habitat and water quality decline water quality is quality degraded 19
20 Stream health Hurunui River at SH 7 Very Good 5 Good 4 Grade Fair 3 Poor 2 Charwell River Very Poor Year Biotic grade Hbit abitat grade Very Good 5 Good 4 Fair 3 Poor 2 Grade Very Poor 1 Waitohi River Year Biotic grade Habitat grade Very Good 5 Good 4 Grade Fair 3 Poor 2 1 Very Poor Year Biotic grade Habitat grade Dry Stream Very Good 5 Good 4 Grade Fair 3 Poor 2 Very Poor Year Biotic grade Habitat grade Stream health Waitohi River Very Good5 Good 4 Grade 3 Fair Poor 2 1 Very Poor Year Biotic grade Habitat grade 20
21 Dry Stream Stream health Very Good 5 Good 4 Grade Fair 3 Poor 2 Very Poor Year Biotic grade Habitat grade Hurunui River at SH 7 Very Good 5 Good 4 Grade Fair 3 Poor 2 Very Poor Biotic grade Year Habitat grade Reference material available Kelly, D. (2010) State and trends in water quality of the main Hurunui River and Culverden Basin tributaries at June Environment Canterbury Technical Memo prepared for the Land Use & Water Quality Project. Ref: WATE/SWQL/2HUR/5 Abraham, P. (2010) Groundwater Quality in the Hurunui Catchment summary of current state and trends. Environment Canterbury Technical Memo prepared for the Land Use & Water Quality Project. Ref: WATE/INGW/QUAL/INVE/4 21
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