Transforming the Built Environment On the Path to Zero Energy Buildings

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1 Transforming the Built Environment On the Path to Zero Energy Buildings Ron Benioff Manager, Intergovernmental Programs National Laboratory On Behalf of Mark Bailey State and Local Programs DOE s Office of Energy Efficiency and June 23, 2008 NCSL Energy Efficiency Institute

2 Drivers for Clean Energy?

3 Why Buildings? Buildings account for about 40% of US energy, 72% of electricity, 55% of Natural Gas, 39% of carbon, 19% of NOx, and 52% of SO 2 emissions Construction and renovation accounts for 9% of GDP and employs 8 million. Energy utility bills total $370B each year. Source: Buildings Energy Data Book, September

4 R&D: Driving Toward Net-Zero Energy Buildings Grid-connected buildings that: Use 60% to 70% less energy than conventional counterparts And, over the course of a year, produce with renewable sources as much energy as they consume

5 DOE Buildings Strategy 5

6 R&D Platform for Affordable Zero Energy Buildings Whole-building design and controls Increased efficiency of all plug loads and subsystems Onsite Renewable Technologies (solar power and heating, storage, etc.) Envelope Phase change material enhanced thermal insulation Climatically tuned weather resistive barriers Thermochromatic roof systems HVAC Air-source integrated heat pump Ground-source integrated heat pump High efficiency electric water heating Windows Highly insulating windows Dynamic solar control Lighting Solid state lighting (SSL) Buildings Systems Engineering Building Simulation Modeling 6

7 Net-Zero Energy HOMES Projected Results Thermal Envelope High R Walls and Roofs (60-70%) Smart Insulation and Vapor Barriers (70-80%) Windows R-10 Dynamic Super Window (70-80%) Space Conditioning and Refrigeration Integrated, Low Capacity Heat Pump. (60-70%) Lighting Solid State Lighting Appliances and Other Plug Loads Whole House Energy Control Standard 10-30% Misc. Electric Savings (40-50%) Domestic Hot Water Efficient, Engineered Hot Water Systems (40-50%) Integration, low capacity heat pump (60-70%) ZEH homes available now at high incremental cost and for some climates. Goal is to lower cost and make available to all Americans 7

8 ZEH can be cost competitive today! Energy Use Energy Use Reduction (using State-of-the Art Design and Efficiency Technologies) Reduction (from Accelerated Efficiency Research) Zero-Energy Home in Mixed Humid Climate (Example) Percent Energy Incremental Offset (vs. Cost Conventional Home) -52% -15% + $16,883 Avoided due to Solar PV -33% + $16,500 Total -100% + $33,383 Incremental Annual Mortgage Costs + $1,855 Associated Costs ($/yr) Incremental Annual Utility Bills - $2,022 Total -$167

9 Does Efficiency really Cost More? Net positive cash flow at the 30%, 40% and 50% levels Source: NREL Analysis, example for Greenburg, KS 9

10 Comparison: Zero Energy Homes vs.non-zeh in Sacramento 10

11 Pathway to Net-Zero Energy Homes 11

12 Status of Commercial Energy Codes

13 Status of Residential Energy Codes

14 Advanced Building Codes Already, DOE's $37.5M investment in model codes yields energy savings of nearly $1B/year By 2030, savings will reduce U.S. carbon dioxide emissions by 48.4 MMT/year and save 3 quads/year ( MW coal plants) Now ramping it up DOE in partnership with ASHRAE and IECC to develop superior model building codes by 2010 that improve energy efficiency by 30% 14

15 Resources for States and Local Governments ASHRAE Advanced Design Guides Intended to go above code to design buildings 30% more efficient than standard Small Office Buildings Small Retail Buildings K-12 School Buildings Warehouses (under development) 15

16 Voluntary Programs ENERGY STAR : jointly managed DOE/EPA label More than 20,000 retail partners, 1,200 product manufacturers, 400 utility partners ENERGY STAR labeled product (DOE managed) Existing: Clothes Washers, Dishwashers, Refrigerators, Room A/Cs, CFLs, Windows Emerging: Solid State Lighting, Advanced Technology Water Heaters and Packaged Terminal Air-Conditioners Evaluation of future technologies, e.g. PV, Fuel Cells and Dynamic Windows National campaigns (e.g., Change-a-Light) Home Performance with ENERGY STAR DOE, EPA, HUD: target is energy efficiency in existing homes 16

17 Voluntary Programs Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Integrated "whole-house" approach that looks at a house as a system Trained contractors evaluate home and recommend comprehensive improvements that will yield best results Homeowners can take advantage of State tax incentives for energy efficiency improvements and innovative financing programs 17

18 Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Programs April 2008 Oregon: Portland Wisconsin New York Vermont Maine Southern Idaho Minnesota: Minneapolis Massachusetts Northern & Central California Southern Wyoming Iowa: Cedar Rapids Ohio: Cleveland Rhode Island Anaheim Sacramento Southern California Colorado: Ft. Collins, Boulder, Denver, Colorado Springs Arizona: Phoenix Kansas: Kansas City Texas: Austin Missouri: Kansas City, Columbia, St. Louis Mississippi Illinois: Peoria Georgia: Atlanta Kentucky Western Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland North Carolina: Raleigh Florida: Jacksonville Existing Program Louisiana Florida: Gainesville Launching Programs Exploring Programs 18

19 Resources for States and Local Governments Building America: private/public R&D partnership (solutions for new and existing housing) Cost-shared with more than 470 national and regional builders Provides research support to programs and partnerships such as ENERGY STAR Homes, California's ComfortWise, and the Partnership of Advancing Technology in Housing (PATH) Sponsors DOE Builders Challenge Residential best practices based on Building America R&D to go beyond ENERGY STAR homes now at 30% whole house energy savings compared to IECC 2001; now developing 40% studies 19

20 DOE Builders Challenge will spur construction of energy efficient housing 20

21 Resources for States and Local Governments EnergySmart Schools EnergySmart Hospitals Application Centers 21

22 ESCO Investment Potential to help you capture your EE Potential Investment Potential (Billion dollars) High Low 0 Federal Health & Hospital K-12 Schools State & Municipal University & College ESCOs need to invest $35-70B to capture remaining EE savings potential in MUSH market; larger than total estimated ESCO activity from ($28B)

23 Barriers to ESPC Lack of awareness with ESPC approach on the part of state policymakers. Lack of standard contracts. Limited pool of trained professionals to review, implement, and oversee contract. Lack of updated M&V protocols.

24 Accelerating ESPC s - DOE Activities Partnering with ESC/NAESCO/NASEO/NCSL to overcome the inertia of these market barriers. Activities will include: Promoting awareness Model contracts and expert assistance. Delivering Best Practices. Advanced M&V protocols. Policy decision tools and outreach (NGA, NCSL). Online metric system to measure success National program and marketing efforts.

25 Program Goals The results of the initiative will include the following: $2 billion increase in ESPC MUSH activity Development of next-generation M&V techniques 22% - 27% energy savings per project $141 million annual energy cost Savings 863,000 metric tons of CO 2 displaced per year

26 What is the role of the States? Lead by example New Buildings Require LEED, Advanced Designs, Commissioning Product Purchasing Guidelines Existing Buildings Benchmarking, Performance Contractings Use state leverage over universities, K-12 schools State strategic energy plans, potential studies Incentivize efficiency Financing incentives, loan funds, guarantees, etc. System benefits Utility policies that reward efficiency Tax incentives State policies Adopt more stringent building codes Contractor/builder certification Communicate Success! And Lessons Learned 26

27 Resources For States SEP Solicitation Advanced Codes Gigawatt Scale Renewables/ Negawatts TAP EE Buildings Partnerships EPA and other Partners

28 NREL B&TS Center Staff = 65, Budget = $40M Measurement and simulation of building energy, comfort, lighting, and air quality Ultra efficient Design: Commercial, Residential, and Manufactured bldgs Passive/Active Solar, & PV for Bldgs Advanced HVAC systems & controls Design/Analysis/Optimization Computer Tools ZEBs Community Scale Programs

29 We Can Help! EERE Website Building Technologies TAP EERE Information Center Financial/Technical Assistance Julie Riel, James Ferguson, Contacts Mark Bailey , Ron Benioff THANK YOU!