Australian Geo-observatories CO2CRC Otway Project and South West Hub / In Situ Lab Projects

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1 Australian Geo-observatories CO2CRC Otway Project and South West Hub / In Situ Lab Projects Linda Stalker Science Director National Geosequestration Laboratory 26 th June 2018 ENERGY

2 Outline Where in Australia? Otway examples South West Hub & CCS RDD In Situ Lab examples Tracers The non-technical When things go wrong Conclusions 2 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

3 The Australian Scene CCS Projects NORTHERN AUSTRALIA CO 2 STORE SOUTH WEST HUB DARLING BASIN (STORAGE) 3 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

4 CO2CRC Otway Project Otway Stage 1 65,000 tonnes gas injected One of the most extensive M&V research portfolios Continued monitoring for ~10 years in reservoir to give real data for predictive modelling and risk reduction Details Retrofit of Naylor-1 gas well U-tube 1 Gas down to U-tube 2 U-tube 3 Warre B SB 2 Pressure/ temperature sensor Geophone Hydrophone Packer U-tube 4 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

5 Identifying Breakthrough m well spacing transition to gas lift Tracers arrive together Slight delay relative to mol%co 2 increase U U U U U U U U U U U U Relative abundance CD 4 Kr SF 6 CO 2 (mol%) 13 C CO 2 1 st arrival of CO 2 at U2, days after injection d 13 C Buttress CO 2 d 13 C CO 2 ( o / oo ) Date 5 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

6 CO2CRC Otway Project Schematic of interrogation zones for test Otway Stage 2 Well drilling / push-pull test / seismic study 2B Single well residual saturation & dissolution test Novel and conventional tools to measure residual CO 2 Residual saturation ranges highly uncertain, while regarded as an important storage mechanism in saline aquifers Understanding e! Well bore DTS & Dissolution RST Organic reactive T Inert Tracers Pressure test Organic reactive T Inert Tracers Pressure test Well bore DTS & Diss n PNL/RST >10m <10m <4m <2m <1m 6 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

7 CO2CRC Otway Stage 2B Residual Saturation and Dissolution Test Tracer Research Stage 2B CO 2 -sat water injection (8t H 2 O & 0.3t CO 2 ) 12kg Triacetin, 10kg Propylene Glycol Diacetate & 8kg Tripropionin added Soak time 10 days Back production of 23.7t formation fluids over 12 hr Approx 600 samples taken every other minute Water, CO 2 & Reactive tracers 7 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

8 Data and modelling fit for Stage 2B Pulsed neutron logging got: av ( )[Dance & Paterson, 2016] Reactive esters got: 0%: [Myers et al., 2015] And there were others. Myers et al, Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

9 CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Objectives of Define phase: Finalise well placement and design based on analysis of uncertainties in the subsurface Confirm performance of monitoring methods Complete initial operational concept for monitoring Critical path starts with static model Stage 3 concept (schematic)

10 South West Hub CCS Project & CCS RDD In Situ Lab Project 10 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

11 Background - South West Hub Project Australian Carbon Capture Storage flagship project Greenfield (4 data wells) Site characterisation phase ~1500 m thick reservoir Containment? Groundwater aquifer absent No CO 2 injected so far 11 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

12 Unique Setting of South West Hub Dissolution Trapping Reservoir thickness (> 1500 m) is very large compared to other sites globally CO 2 dissolution in formation water & residual trapping are dominant mechanisms for CO 2 containment; not completely relying on structural trap or confining seal layer Proofing up the storage suitability of the SW Hub may increase portfolio of storage sites in Australia and globally Relative thickness of storage/seal pair Seal Residual Saturation Trapping Storage 12 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

13 In situ monitoring Instrumentation Discrete pressure and temperature measurements in each interval Distributed fibre-optics to enable DAS, DTS, and heatpulse monitoring U-tube sampling in the lower two Wonnerup intervals Piezo source + Geophone/hydrophone sensors 13 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

14 Site layouts during well workover and test injection 14 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

15 Other factors. 15 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

16 The team is more than the geos Technical Geology, geochemistry, geophysics, structural, diagenesis, petrophysics, reservoir engineers, mechanicals.. Etc etc.. Support Procurement, finance, HSE, operations, communications, regulation, etc Community engagement 16 Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

17 When things go wrong. Waroona-Yarloop Bushfire 18 JANUARY Australian Geo-observatories Linda Stalker

18 Thank you For further information: Dr. Linda Stalker Science Director for the National Geosequestration Laboratory & Group Leader Exploration Geoscience, CSIRO Energy Phone: Mob: