2 nd Technical Working Group for Solid Waste Management. Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. Keita Saito

Transcription

1 2 nd Technical Working Group for Solid Waste Management Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. Keita Saito

2 Contents 1. Current situations 2. Demand and Gap analysis 3. Development policy 4. Priority project

3 1. Current situations 1) Flow of Waste Collection and transportation Waste Generation 875 t *3 Households Business Public by citizen bycbos/youthgr (handcart) by cleaning staff of MCG Collection Points Stationary Containers Stationary Trucks Roadside Illegal dump site by Stationary truck (355 t, 11 trips *1 ) by MCG truck (312 t, 17 trips *1 ) by private company (11 t, 3-4 trips *1 ) Dumping Site Kibarani (645 t, 25 trips *2 ) Shonda (10 t, 1-2 trips *2 ) Mwakerunge (20-25 t, 5 trips *2 ) Collection rate: collected waste / generated waste = 679 ton/875 ton *3 = 77.6% Source: *1: MCG, *2: JET estimated based on interview at each dumping site, *3: ISUD Plan of World Bank

4 1. Current situations 2) Waste Collection and transportation Collection System Waste collectors MCG Mombasa Cement Ltd. (contracted with MCG) Service area Mombasa Island(daily), mainland(not often) Collection method Garbage bins, stations w/o containers along main roads Equipment Side loader, tippers and compactor Mombasa Island Station type Stationary truck, Container Whole area - Wheel loader and dump truck Mainly Mombasa Island, mainland except Likoni Destination Kibarani, Mwakirunge, Shonda Dumping Site Station type Dump Truck Kibarani Dumping Site

5 1. Current situations 2) Waste Collection and transportation Collection System Waste collectors Private companies CBOs & youth groups Service area Middle and high income area, hotels, tenants and industries including the port Collection Equipment Destination method Door to door Truck Mwakirunge Dumping Site Low income areas Door to door Handcart Collection Points (Station container /truck)

6 1. Current situations 2) Waste Collection and transportation

7 1. Current situations 2) Waste Collection and transportation Current issues MCG - Collection data is not regulated. Mombasa Cement Ltd. - Some people don t use plastic bags to discharge to collection points. MCG takes much time to collect it. - Due to shortages of collection vehicles and manpower, MCG cannot collect solid waste in proper frequency and much waste is disposed and scattered at roadsides and empty lands. - Half of collection vehicles are broken at a moment due to technical and financial problems. - Stationing trucks at fixed places as containers is not efficient and accelerating of aging trucks. - Frequent suspense of collection service due to maintenance - Doubt on cost-efficiency

8 1. Current situations 3) Final disposal Mwakerunge Kibarani 13km Name of Dumping Site Kibarani Area (ha) 8 Period of use > 50 years Stationed Staffs Existing Heavy machinery Always working 3km Mwakirunge years Existing Once a month 7km Shonda 5? (about 10 years) Not existing Very rare Shonda There are not fence and truck scales at all the dumpsites Existing Dumping Site

9 1. Current situations 3) Final disposal (Kibarani Dumpsite) - Serious air pollution by waste burning - Pollution of sea by leachate and waste slid into sea Residents and companies claim on the dumping site

10 1. Current situations 3) Final disposal (Kibarani Dumpsite) Contamination of Sea water September 2005 April 2016 Source: Google Earth Pro

11 1. Current situations 3) Final disposal (Mwakerunge Dumpsite) - Air pollution by waste burning - Some waste reachs Mtwapa creek

12 2. Demand and Gap Analysis Item Current situation Demand/ desirable situation - MCG doesn t have a master plan for SWM. Master Plan for SWM Waste disposal - Record number trips of collection trucks and estimate quantity of collected waste - There are only open dumping sites in MC. They pollute the surrounding environment. - MCG has a regulation for illegal dumping and does not have system to check it. - 1) have a master plan for SWM, 2) set goals for final disposal rate, collection rate and recycling rate and 3) identified priority project to reach the goals, in the M/P - Monitor progress to the goals and feedback to achieve the goals - All waste is recyclecd, reused or disposed at sanitary landfill site. There is no pollution to environment. - have a regulation for illegal dumping and have system to check it. Gap - Prepare M/P for SWM and identify priority projects - Develop capacity of government staffs and system for monitoring and feedback to the goals in the M/P. - Construction of sanitary landfill site and proper operation of it - Develop system to check and purnish illegal dumping

13 2. Demand and Gap Analysis Item Current situation Demand/ desirable situation - collection service within - collection service within the island is almost the island is sufficient. sufficient. Waste collection & transportati on 3R (Reduce, Reuse & Recycle) - However, that is not sufficient due to poor number of collection points and collection frequency. - Collection rate: 77% - Collected resources such as plastics, metals and papers informally by wastepickers and private companies - MCG has not conducted 3R activities (no recycling facility) - Collection rate : 100% - Adequate sensitization of 3R to waste generators such as households, shops - Adequate resource collection system and recycling facilities Gap - Develop efficient and adequate collection and transportation system - Purchase of equipment and vehicle and proper maintenance of them - Sensitization of 3R to waste generators such as households, shops - Development of adequate recycling system including resource collection - Construction of recycling facilities

14 3. Development Policy Prompt collection and transportation from resident area Environment-friendly waste disposal Reduction of waste volume for final disposal through 3R activities

15 3. Development Policy Current waste disposal flow Recovered resource (Direct) [20 t *2 (2.3%)] By private companies and youth groups Recovered resource [24 t (2.7%) ] By Waste picker Generated waste 875 t *3 (100%) Collected waste [ 694 t (79.3%)] Self disposal? t Illegal dumped? t Int.-treated waste? t Final disposal waste (Direct) 679 t *1 (77.6%) Reduced waste? t Final disposal [ 675 t (77.1%) ] Sanitary landfill 0 t Open dumping 675 t Source: *1: MCG, *2: JET estimated based on interview at recycler/youth group, *3: ISUD Plan of World Bank

16 3. Development Policy Goals of Solid Waste Management Parameters Collection rate 79.3 % 90 % 100 % Final disposal rate 77.1 % 70 % 50 % Recovery rate 2.7 % 30 % 50 % (Recycling (Recycle rate) rate) (2.7 %) (15 %) (17 %) (Composting rate) (<0 %) (15 %) (33 %) Each rate shall be calculated from the following formulas based on the current waste disposal flow: - Collection rate = collected waste / generated waste - Final disposal rate = waste disposed at final disposal site / generated waste - Recovery rate = recovered resource / generated waste - Based on the goals, priority projects have to be developed. - In order to check progress to the goals, the waste disposal flow has to be developed and be updated annually.

17 4. Priority Projects (Proposed) Decommission of Kibarani Dumping site Construction of sanitary landfill site and transfer station Improvement of waste collection and transportation system Development of 3R system

18 4. Priority Projects (Proposed) Decommission of Kibarani Dumping site Current Environmental Impacts - Serious air pollution by Smoke of waste buning and bad Smell - Pollution of sea by leachate Decommission Waste Waste

19 4. Priority Projects (Proposed) Decommission of Kibarani Dumping site Greening Embankment Waste Waste Leachate collection pipe Empankment: to prevent collapse of accumulated waste Leachate collection pipe: to prevent infiltration of leachate into the groud Greening: to improve landscape

20 4. Priority Projects (Proposed) Decommission of Kibarani Dumping site Final Cover: to prevent infiltration of rain water into waste not to generate leachate Final cover Waste Waste

21 4. Priority Projects (Proposed) Decommission of Kibarani Dumping site Gas vent pipe: to accelerate to discharge landfill gas (CH4) into air CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 Gas vent pipe Gabion CH 4 CH 4 CH 4 CH 4

22 4. Priority Projects (Proposed) Construction of Sanitary Landfill Site Sanitary Landfill Site: has facilities/functions to prevent environmental pollution Facilities/Functions: 1 Daily soil cover: Prevention from 1) scattering of waste and dust, 2)access of insects, animals and birds and 3) bad odor 2 Liner system: prevention from infiltration of leachate into ground by liner sheet and leachate collection pipes. 3 Leachate treatment plant: adequate treatment of leachate to discharge water bodies. 4 Final Soil Cover: restraint of infiltration of rain water into waste after completion of landfill. Reduction of leachate generation, risk of environment pollution) 5 Gas collection: Removal of bad odor, reduction of Greenhouse gases(ch4) and power generation

23 4. Priority Projects (Proposed) Construction of Sanitary Landfill Site Leachate Collection System Plan View Leachate Leachate Treatment Treatment Plant Plant

24 4. Priority Projects (Proposed) Construction of Transfer Station <Without Transfer Station> <With Transfer Station> Landfill Site Transfer Station It can save time, manpower and fuel (= money)

25 4. Priority Projects (Proposed) Construction of Transfer Station - Structure of transfer station Small truck (5-10 tons) Truck scale Secondary transportation truck (> 20 tons)

26 4. Priority Projects (Proposed) Improvement of waste collection and transportation system 1) Identification of optimal collection and transport system 2) Provision of adequate vehicle and equipment 3) Improvement collection and transport system and maintenance 4) Development of sustainable financial system

27 Priority Projects (Proposed) Improvement of waste collection and transportation system 1) Identification of optimal collection and transport system Waste Generation Households Business Public - Regulate collection date - Force by citizen people to use designated plastic bags bycbos/youthgr (handcart) by cleaning staff of MCG Collection Points Stationary Containers Stationary Trucks Roadside Illegal dump site by private company by Stationary truck by MCG truck - Island: MCG - Mainland: outsourcing (cost competition) Landfill site

28 4. Priority Projects(Proposed) Development of 3R system 1) Identification of optimal recycling system 2) Provision of adequate facilities and equipment 3) Sensitization of 3R 4) Cooperation with NEMA and other stakeholders

29 Priority Projects(Proposed) Development of 3R system 1) Identification of optimal recycling system <Recycle of inorganic waste> Option A: Segregation into wet and dry + sorting facility Small generators (households / shops) Option B: Segregation into each resource + Storage facility Large generators (supermarkets / hotels.) - Conduct pilot project for both options in small scale. - Financial advantage and enforcement under regulation are necessary for success

30 Priority Projects(Proposed) Development of 3R system 1) Identification of optimal recycling system <Recycle of organic waste> Waste Generation Market Hotal Restaurant Organic waste Composting Plant Compost Farm land (6.75km 2 ) Public Greening - It is essential to 1) keep Quality control of waste and 2) secure where to use compost. - Conduct pilot project in small scale.

31 Asante sana!!!

32 Emergency Measure for Kibarani Dumping Site Objective Environmental impacts, especially, serious pollution of air and sea has to be stopped as soon as possible.

33 Emergency Measure for Kibarani Objective Environmental impacts, especially, serious pollution of air and sea has to be stopped as soon as possible. Minimize waste burning and generation of leachate. Close the dumping site partially and manage the site properly

34 Emergency Measure for Kibarani 1) Current Situation Rainfall Leachate Waste CH 4 CH 4 Waste CH 4 CH 4 2) Close the part of dumping site in order to reduce operation area Waste burning and leachate generation can be reduced. Compact Embankment Waste Waste

35 Emergency Measure for Kibarani 2)-2 Close the part of dumping site in order to reduce operation area Waste 3) Manage the dumping site properly not to expand operation area Waste

36 Proposed land for new landfill site Mosque Houses Stores Clinic Primary & Secondary School Existing Dumping Site Proposed land in ISUD Plan Tudor River

37 Proposed land for new landfill site Mosque Proposed Land Houses Stores Clinic Primary School Primary & Secondary School Tudor River Secondary School

38 Proposed land for new landfill site Mosque Proposed Land Houses Stores Clinic Clinic Primary & Secondary School Tudor River Mosque

39 Proposed land for new landfill site Mosque Proposed Land Houses Stores Clinic Stores Primary & Secondary School Tudor River Houses