Comprehension Genre. A Nonfiction Article in a newspaper or magazine tells facts about a person, place, or event.

Transcription

1 Weekly Literature Weekly Theme: Energy Power Source Week At A Glance Whole Group VOCABULARY electrical, globe, fuels, decayed Context Clues/Definitions COMPREHENSION Strategy: Evaluate Skill: Persuasion TEST STRATEGY Author and Me WRITING Expository Writing Science Link Physical Science Forms of Energy Small Group Options Differentiated Instruction for Tested Skills Genre A Nonfiction Article in a newspaper or magazine tells facts about a person, place, or event. Evaluate Persuasion Persuasion is a method of getting other people to agree with your ideas or opinions. hat can you find deep Wbeneath Earth s surface? Here s a hint: it s shiny, sticky, slick, and very powerful. It s oil. Oil began forming hundreds of millions of years ago as plant and animal remains were covered with layers of rock. Over the ages, those remains decayed. They turned into a mighty black brew that we use to make fuels. Fuels, such as gasoline, are energy sources that are usually burned to produce power. Some nations sit atop huge underground lakes of oil. Other places, such as Japan and some European countries, have little or no oil of their own. The United States produces oil, but it also buys about 59% of what it needs. Science Link Main Selection Genre Nonfiction Article Real World Reading What makes oil so valuable and also so challenging? Oil field worker electrical globe fuels decayed A windmill farm in California uses clean technology to turn wind energy into electricity. Test Strategy Author and Me The answer is not always directly stated. Think about everything you have read to figure out the best answer. H Real World Reading igh wind speeds in the San Gorgonio Pass make conditions just right for delivering clean electricity to homes. Since 1998, Californians have been able to choose the source of their electricity. I am proud to say that my parents switched to a clean source of electrical power. Though it costs a bit more to generate electricity from wind than from fossil fuels, my parents decided to help the environment. They knew that burning fossil fuels always releases pollutants into the air. Choosing wind or solar power is the key to making sure that Earth s future is bright, says Nancy Hazard. Part of an organization that promotes the use of nonpolluting energy sources, Ms. Hazard also says, Creating that vision and really going for it that s how we ll get energized! Around the globe, more people than ever are willing to pay extra for clean sources of energy. If you live in a place where power might be generated with a clean technology, get things rolling by talking to your parents and teachers. Remember: Clean Energy for a Bright, Pollution-Free Future! Tiayana Banks, Palm Springs, CA Find out more about renewable energy sources at / Answer Questions Mackenzie Burkhart Prairies are beautiful places, says Mackenzie Burkhart. The long, flowing grass looks just like the ocean. This sixth-grader from Park Ridge, Illinois, worries that nuclear reactors threaten the prairies in his state. A dozen reactors produce nearly three-quarters of all the electricity for the state. Mackenzie believes nuclear reactors have the potential to be extremely dangerous. In an accident at a nuclear power plant, nuclear waste could leak out. That could have devastating effects on the plants and animals of the prairies. Burkhart s proposed solution: Provide energy from a more environmentally safe source windmills! Big, colorful windmills caught Mackenzie s eye while he was on vacation in Denmark with his family. Windmills were everywhere, and they provided power for much of the country, he says. Not only would windmills be environmentally safer, but, as Mackenzie points out, they are also a renewable source of power. Unlike fossil fuels or even nuclear fuels, he says, wind is endless. Go On Test Strategy Author and Me Tested Skills for the Week Read-Aloud Anthology Listening Readers Theater 470A

2 Resources for Differentiated Instruction Leveled Readers GR Levels P U Genre Informational Nonfiction AUDIO CD CLASSROOM LIBRARY Genre Nonfiction Same Theme Same Same Skills Approaching Level P R U Informational Informational Nonfiction Informational Nonfiction Informational Nonfiction Informational Nonfiction Nonfiction Informational Nonfiction On Level Waterpower! er! er! Waterpower! English Language Leveled Reader Beyond Level On-Level Reader sheltered for English Language Learner ELL Teacher s Guide also available Approaching On Level Beyond Trade books to apply Skills INTERVENTION ANTHOLOGY Phonics and Decoding Also available Reading Triumphs, Intervention Program LEVELED PRACTICE Also Available LEVELED READER PROGRAM Approaching On Level Beyond ELL HOME-SCHOOL CONNECTION Family letters in English and Spanish Take-Home Stories ONLINE INSTRUCTION AUDIO CD AUDIO CD Listening Library Fluency Solutions CD ROM CD ROM PuzzleMaker The Power of Oil 470B

3 474 A Nonfiction Article in a newspaper or magazine tells facts about a person, place, or event. Persuasion Persuasion is a method of getting other people to agree with your ideas or opinions. Oil field worker 472 electrical globe fuels decayed Real World Reading 1998, Californians have been able to choose the source of their electricity. I am proud to say that my parents switched to a clean source of electrical power. Though it costs a bit more to generate electricity from wind than from fossil fuels, my parents decided to help the environment. They knew that burning fossil fuels always releases pollutants into the air. Choosing wind or solar power is the key to making sure that Earth s future is bright, says Nancy Hazard. Part of an organization that promotes the use of nonpolluting energy sources, Ms. Hazard also says, Creating that vision and really going for it that s how we ll get energized! Around the globe, more people than ever are willing to pay extra for clean sources of energy. If you live in a place where power might be generated with a clean technology, get things rolling by talking to your parents and teachers. Remember: Clean Energy for a Bright, Pollution-Free Future! A windmill farm in Tiayana Banks, Palm Springs, CA California uses clean technology to turn wind Find out more about renewable energy energy into electricity. sources at Informational Nonfiction Genre A Nonfiction Article in a newspaper or magazine tells facts about a person, place, or event. Evaluate Persuasion Persuasion is a method of getting other people to agree with your ideas or opinions. powerful. It s oil. Oil began forming hundreds of millions of years ago as plant and animal remains were covered with layers of rock. Over the ages, those remains decayed. They turned into a mighty black brew that we use to make fuels. Fuels, such as gasoline, are energy sources that are usually burned to produce power. Some nations sit atop huge underground lakes of oil. Other places, such as Japan and some European countries, have little or no oil of their own. The United States produces oil, but it also buys about 59% of what it needs. 474 Real World Reading What makes oil so valuable and also so challenging? Oil field worker Suggested Lesson Plan Instructional Navigator Interactive Lesson Planner Real World Reading The Power of Oil, Genre Evaluate hat can you find deep Wbeneath Earth s surface? Here s a hint: it s shiny, sticky, slick, and very What makes oil so valuable and also so challenging? Waterpower! ORAL LANGUAGE Listening Speaking Viewing powerful. It s oil. Oil began forming hundreds of millions of years ago as plant and animal remains were covered with layers of rock. Over the ages, those remains decayed. They turned into a mighty black brew that we use to make fuels. Fuels, such as gasoline, are energy sources that are usually burned to produce power. Some nations sit atop huge underground lakes of oil. Other places, such as Japan and some European countries, have little or no oil of their own. The United States produces oil, but it also buys about 59% of what it needs. Listening/Speaking/Viewing Focus Question Does it matter what kind of energy we use and where we get it? Why or why not? Build Background, 470 Read Aloud: At the Flick of a Switch, 471 Leveled Readers Listening/Speaking Focus Question What makes oil so valuable and so challenging? WORD STUDY electrical, globe, fuels, decayed 472 Review, 474 Phonics/Decoding Practice Book A-O-B, 126 Strategy: Context Clues/Definitions, 473 Phonics Decode Words with /ü/, /ū/, and / u/, 481E Practice Book A-O-B, 132 READING Develop Clean as a Breeze, , 473A 473B Strategy: Evaluate Skill: Persuasion Practice Book A-O-B, 127 igh wind speeds in the San Gorgonio H Pass make conditions just right for delivering clean electricity to homes. Since Student Book The Power of Oil, , Strategy: Evaluate Skill: Persuasion Practice Book A-O-B, 128 hat can you find deep Wbeneath Earth s surface? Here s a hint: it s shiny, sticky, slick, and very Student Book Fluency Model Fluency, 471 Partner Reading, 470I LANGUAGE ARTS Writing Partner Reading, 470I Writing Daily Writing Prompt: Write a letter to the editor about your thoughts on your town s plan to build a power plant. Article, 481A 481B Writing Daily Writing Prompt: List three positive and three negative reasons for putting a wind turbine in your neighborhood. Article, 481A 481B Grammar Grammar Daily Language Activities, 481I Pronoun-Verb Agreement, 481I Grammar Practice Book, 109 Grammar Daily Language Activities, 481I Pronoun-Verb Agreement, 481I Grammar Practice Book, 110 Spelling ASSESSMENT Informal/Formal Spelling Pretest Words with /ü/, /ū/, and / u/, 481G Spelling Practice Book, , 472, 473B Spelling Word Sorts, 481G Spelling Practice Book, 111, 477 Phonics, 481E Turn the Page for Small Group Lesson Plan 470C Differentiated Instruction 481M-481V Differentiated Instruction 481M-481V

4 Genre A Nonfiction Article in a newspaper or magazine tells facts about a person, place, or event. Evaluate Persuasion Persuasion is a method of getting other people to agree with your ideas or opinions. powerful. It s oil. Oil began forming hundreds of millions of years ago as plant and animal remains were covered with layers of rock. Over the ages, those remains decayed. They turned into a mighty black brew that we use to make fuels. Fuels, such as gasoline, are energy sources that are usually burned to produce power. Some nations sit atop huge underground lakes of oil. Other places, such as Japan and some European countries, have little or no oil of their own. The United States produces oil, but it also buys about 59% of what it needs. 474 Real World Reading What makes oil so valuable and also so challenging? Oil field worker 478 Author and Me The answer is not always directly stated. Think about everything you have read to figure out the best answer. Answer Questions Mackenzie Burkhart Prairies are beautiful places, says Mackenzie Burkhart. The long, flowing grass looks just like the ocean. This sixth-grader from Park Ridge, Illinois, worries that nuclear reactors threaten the prairies in his state. A dozen reactors produce nearly three-quarters of all the electricity for the state. Mackenzie believes nuclear reactors have the potential to be extremely dangerous. In an accident at a nuclear power plant, nuclear waste could leak out. That could have devastating effects on the plants and animals of the prairies. Burkhart s proposed solution: Provide energy from a more environmentally safe source windmills! Big, colorful windmills caught Mackenzie s eye while he was on vacation in Denmark with his family. Windmills were everywhere, and they provided power for much of the country, he says. Not only would windmills be environmentally safer, but, as Mackenzie points out, they are also a renewable source of power. Unlike fossil fuels or even nuclear fuels, he says, wind is endless. Go On Genre A Nonfiction Article in a newspaper or magazine tells facts about a person, place, or event. Evaluate Persuasion Persuasion is a method of getting other people to agree with your ideas or opinions. powerful. It s oil. Oil began forming hundreds of millions of years ago as plant and animal remains were covered with layers of rock. Over the ages, those remains decayed. They turned into a mighty black brew that we use to make fuels. Fuels, such as gasoline, are energy sources that are usually burned to produce power. Some nations sit atop huge underground lakes of oil. Other places, such as Japan and some European countries, have little or no oil of their own. The United States produces oil, but it also buys about 59% of what it needs. 474 Real World Reading What makes oil so valuable and also so challenging? Oil field worker Words Context Clues/ Definitions Strategy: Evaluate Skill: Persuasion Writing Expository Writing Listening/Speaking Focus Question Based on what you have read, how would you explain the relationship between clean energy choices and emission levels? Summarize, 477 Listening/Speaking/Viewing Focus Question What is another alternative energy source to replace fossil fuels and nuclear reactors? Describe this source and tell why you think it would work. Expand : Energy, 481F Listening/Speaking/Viewing Focus Question Write a letter persuading the President to promote alternative uses of power. Give concrete examples of how Americans use too much oil and explain ways that we could use less. Speaking and Listening Strategies, 481A Review Words in Context, 481C Strategy: Context Clues/Definitions, 481D Practice Book A-O-B, 131 Phonics Decode Multisyllabic Words, 481E Clipped Words, 481F Apply to Writing, 481F Spiral Review: Game, 481F Test Strategy The Power of Oil, Check, 477 Maintain Skill: Compare and Contrast, 477A hat can you find deep Wbeneath Earth s surface? Here s a hint: it s shiny, sticky, slick, and very Student Book Windmills on the Prairies, Test Strategy: Author and Me Research and Study Skills Using Computers, 477B Practice Book A-O-B, 130 Student Book Self-Selected Reading, 470I Strategy: Evaluate Skill: Persuasion hat can you find deep Wbeneath Earth s surface? Here s a hint: it s shiny, sticky, slick, and very Student Book Repeated Reading, 477A Partner Reading, 470I Practice Book A-O-B, 129 Partner Reading, 470I Practice, 477A Partner Reading, 470I Writing Daily Writing Prompt: Your family is about to buy a new car. Explain to them why they should buy a hybrid car. Article, 481A 481B Grammar Daily Language Activities, 481I Mechanics and Usage: Using Correct Contractions, 481J Grammar Practice Book, 111 Spelling Word Meanings, 481H Spelling Practice Book, 112 Writing Daily Writing Prompt: If you had to power your television by riding a bicycle for one hour, would you still watch it? Explain your choice. Article, 481A 481B Grammar Daily Language Activities, 481I Pronoun-Verb Agreement, 481J Grammar Practice Book, 112 Spelling Review and Proofread, 481H Spelling Practice Book, 113 Writing Daily Writing Prompt: Twenty years from now, you buy your first energy-efficient car. Describe your car and its features. Article, 481A 481B Grammar Daily Language Activities, 481I Pronoun-Verb Agreement, 481J Grammar Practice Book, Spelling Posttest, 481H Spelling Practice Book, 114 Fluency, 477A, 481D Weekly Assessment, Differentiated Instruction 481M-481V Differentiated Instruction 481M-481V Differentiated Instruction 481M-481V The Power of Oil 470D

5 Differentiated Instruction What do I do in small groups? Focus on Skills Use your observations to guide additional instruction and practice. Words: electrical, globe, decayed, fuels Strategy: Context Clues/Definition Strategy: Evaluate Skill: Persuasion Fluency Phonics Decode Words with /ü/, /ū/, and /u / Suggested Lesson Plan Instructional Navigator Interactive Lesson Planner Approaching Level Additional Instruction/Practice Tier 2 Instruction On Level Practice Beyond Level Extend Fluency, 481N, 481N, 481O ELL Context Clues, 481N, 481Q Leveled Reader Lesson, 481R ELL Leveled Reader, 481U 481V, 481S Leveled Reader Lesson, 481T ELL Graphic Organizer, 481T Phonics, 481M, 481O Leveled Reader Lesson, 481P Leveled Reader Lesson, 481R Leveled Reader Lesson, 481T READING For intensive intervention see Triumphs 470E

6 Small Group Options Focus on Leveled Readers Levels P-U Apply skills and strategies while reading appropriate leveled books. P R U Approaching On Level Beyond Additional Leveled Reader Resources Leveled Reader Database Go to Search by Skill Content Area Genre Text Feature Subscription also available. Guided Reading Level Reading Recovery Level Lexile Score Benchmark Level Informational Nonfiction Waterpower! ELL Day 5 Phonics, 481M Fluency, 481N, 481O Leveled Reader Lesson, 481P Phonics, 481M Leveled Reader Lesson, 481P Fluency, 481N Leveled Reader Lesson, 481P Make Connections Across Texts Fluency, 481Q, 481Q Leveled Reader Lesson, 481R Study Skills, 481Q Leveled Reader Lesson, 481R Fluency, 481Q Leveled Reader Lesson, 481R Make Connections Across Texts Fluency, 481S, 481S Leveled Reader Lesson, 481T Study Skills, 481S Leveled Reader Lesson, 481T Fluency, 481S Self-Selected Reading, 481T The Power of Oil 470F

7 Managing the Class What do I do with the rest of my class? Teacher-Led Small Groups Class Management Tools Name Date My To-Do List Put a check next to the activities you complete. Reading Practice fluency Choose an article to read Writing Write a fictional narrative Write about saving energy Social Studies Word Study Write sentences with context clues Sort words by vowel spellings Science Research wind farms Write a report Leveled Readers Research first uses of electricity Write a short report Technology Write About It! Content Connection Independent Practice Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Puzzlemaker Fluency Solutions Listening Library Practice Book, Grammar Practice Book, Spelling Practice Book, Literacy Workstations Independent Activities Literacy Workstations Blue Orange Teacher-Led Small Groups Red Independent Activities Green 20 Unit 4 The Power of Oil Contracts Green Jack Eliza Vincent Dean Isabella Maria Includes: How-To Guides Rotation Chart Weekly Contracts Hands-on activities for reinforcing weekly skills. Layered Book Foldable Pyramid Foldable 470G

8 Independent Activities Leveled Readers AUDIO CD For Repeated Readings and Literacy Activities Informational Nonfiction Waterpower! Support Your Opinion With a partner, write a paragraph telling your opinion about dams. Are they good sources of energy? Are they more good or bad for the environment? Support your opinion with reasons and facts. Building with Buttresses Learn more about how engineers use buttresses to support heavy loads. With a partner, look up pictures of buttresses. Then experiment by making your own structures one with a buttress and one without. See how much stress each can take. Approaching On Level ELL Beyond LEVELED PRACTICE Skills: (p. 126), : Persuasion (p. 127), Graphic Organizer (p. 128), Fluency (p. 129), Study Skill: Media Center (p. 130), Strategy: Context Clues (p. 131), Phonics (p. 132) Approaching On Level Beyond ELL ONLINE INSTRUCTION Meet the Author/Illustrator Computer Literacy Lessons Research and Inquiry Activities LISTENING LIBRARY Recordings of selections Main Selections Leveled Readers ELL Readers Intervention Anthology FLUENCY SOLUTIONS Recorded passages for modeling and practicing fluency ROM CD VOCABULARY PUZZLEMAKER Activities providing multiple exposures to vocabulary, spelling, and high-frequency words including crossword puzzles, word searches, and word jumbles Oral Language Activities and Spelling Activities Leveled Reader Database Turn the page for Literacy Workstations. The Power of Oil 470H

9 Managing the Class Literacy W orkstations Teacher-Led Small Groups Independent Activities Literacy Activities Collaborative Learning Activities Objectives Time reading to practice fluency. Read fluently and offer constructive feedback. Read an article and identify persuasive techniques. Objectives Use context clues to write sentences. Sort words according to vowel spelling. Reading Fluency Select a paragraph from the Fluency passage on page 129 of your Practice Book. With a partner, take turns reading the sentences aloud. Read each sentence word by word. 20 Minutes Extension Read the paragraph again, this time reading groups of words that belong together, pausing between each group. How does this help to better understand the meaning? Time Your Reading: Listen to the Audio CD. Things you need: Practice Book Fluency Solutions Listening Library I

10 Literacy Workstations Objectives Write a fictional narrative with characters, dialogue, a plot, and a setting. Write a persuasive paragraph for a news article. Objectives Make a KWL chart for information about wind farms. Use research to find important details. The Power of Oil 470J

11 Talk About It Does it matter what kind of energy we use and where we get it? Why or why not? ORAL LANGUAGE Build Background Read Aloud Expand Find out more about kinds and sources of energy at VOCABULARY Teach Words in Context Context Clues COMPREHENSION Strategy: Evaluate Skill: Persuasion SMALL GROUP OPTIONS Differentiated Instruction, pp. 481M 481V Oral Language Build Background ACCESS PRIOR KNOWLEDGE Share the following information. The first energy form people used was fire. Before electricity, wood was the primary source of fuel for cooking, heat, and light. TALK ABOUT ENERGY: POWER SOURCE Discuss the weekly theme. What are some ways we use energy? Where does energy come from? FOCUS QUESTION Ask a volunteer to read Talk About It on Student Book page 470 and describe the photo. How is energy being made or used? 470 Beginning Build Background Point to the word energy in the photo and say it with students. Point to the lights and say, Lights need energy. Turn off the lights and say, No energy, no lights. Point to the photo and say, This factory makes energy. Point out the cognate energia to Spanish speaking students. Intermediate Develop Concepts Write on the board: computer, TV, CD player. Ask, What do these machines need to work? (energy) Point to the photo and say, This is a power plant. It makes energy. What do you know about energy? Advanced Develop Background Complete the Intermediate Task. Find out what students know about energy sources and fuels. Help students discuss their ideas. Which sources of energy do you think are the best to use? 470

12 Talk About It Student pages Read Aloud Read At the Flick of a Switch GENRE: Poem Remind students that a poem is arranged in stanzas. Poems may rhyme and follow a rhythm. Many poems use imagery or figurative language. Read Aloud pages LISTENING FOR A PURPOSE Ask students to listen for and make notes about the persuasive message this poet uses as you read At the Flick of a Switch in the Read-Aloud Anthology. Choose from among the teaching suggestions. Fluency Ask students to listen carefully as you read aloud. Tell students to listen to your phrasing, expression, and tone of voice. Picture Prompt 471 Look at the picture. Write about what you see. You can write a poem, a story, or a description, or use any other type of writing you like. RESPOND TO THE POEM Ask students to write a poem detailing what they can do to conserve energy. Expand Invite students to identify three more words in the poem that relate to this week s theme of Energy: Power Source. Have students use these new words in a sentence and share their new sentences with a partner. For an extended lesson plan and Web site activities for oral language development, go to The Power of Oil 471

13 Real World Reading / Student page 472 TEACH WORDS IN CONTEXT Use the following routine. Globe is another name for Earth and its shape. Our classroom globe shows the shapes of the continents and oceans. How is a globe similar to and different from a map? COMPARE AND CONTRAST Fuels are substances burned to make heat or power. We should work hard to conserve our natural fuels, such as coal. What are some fuels that are used to heat homes? EXAMPLE When something is decayed, it has become rotted. When leaves and grass become decayed, they turn into new soil. What is a synonym for decayed? SYNONYM Define: Electrical relates to energy carried through wires that produces light or heat. Example: In science, we learned about electrical currents. Ask: What are some things in your house that are electrical? EXAMPLE Do students understand word meanings? During Small Group Instruction 472 electrical globe fuels decayed A windmill farm in California uses clean technology to turn wind energy into electricity. High wind speeds in the San Gorgonio Pass make conditions just right for delivering clean electricity to homes. Since 1998, Californians have been able to choose the source of their electricity. I am proud to say that my parents switched to a clean source of electrical power. Though it costs a bit more to generate electricity from wind than from fossil fuels, my parents decided to help the environment. They knew that burning fossil fuels always releases pollutants into the air. Choosing wind or solar power is the key to making sure that Earth s future is bright, says Nancy Hazard. Part of an organization that promotes the use of nonpolluting energy sources, Ms. Hazard also says, Creating that vision and really going for it that s how we ll get energized! Around the globe, more people than ever are willing to pay extra for clean sources of energy. If you live in a place where power might be generated with a clean technology, get things rolling by talking to your parents and teachers. Remember: Clean Energy for a Bright, Pollution-Free Future! Tiayana Banks, Palm Springs, CA Find out more about renewable energy sources at Reinforce For electrical, draw on the board a switch plate and wires running to a light. Show through gestures how electricity runs from the switch plate through the wire to the light. For fuels, say, Some people heat their homes by burning wood in fireplaces. Coal can be burned to cook food. Wood and coal are fuels. They make heat. Ask, What other kinds of fuels do you know of? If No Approaching Level, p. 481N If Yes On Level Options, pp. 481Q 481R Beyond Level pp. 481S 481T Options, 472

14 U.S. Energy Sources Nuclear power plants generate some of the energy we use, but most of our energy comes from fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal. These fuels are called fossil fuels. Over millions of years, heat Nuclear power plant and pressure from deep within Earth have reacted with the remains of plants and animals that have decayed to form fuel. Once these natural resources are used up, they are gone forever. Top 5 Worldwide, people use more than 80 million barrels of oil per day. A barrel contains 42 gallons. These countries are the biggest oil guzzlers. China s oil consumption is growing faster than that of any other country. UNITED STATES CHINA JAPAN GERMANY RUSSIA Oil Users 5.5 Renewable energy sources can be reused, and they create much less pollution than fossil fuels. Hydropower plant Hydropower uses the force of flowing water to create electricity. Solar energy comes from the sun. Wind turbines are machines that look like giant windmills. They use the force of the wind to create electricity. Geothermal energy comes from heat in Earth s core that is used to create electricity. Biomass includes natural products such as wood and corn. These materials are burned and used for heat. 6.3 Millions of barrels per day (2004 est.) = 1 million barrels / Student page 473 STRATEGY CONTEXT CLUES Definitions Tell students that sometimes the context defines an unfamiliar word. Point out the word hydropower in the second column of U.S. Energy Sources. Ask students to find the definition. Read Clean as a Breeze As you read Clean as a Breeze with students, have them look for context clues, especially definitions, to unlock the meaning of unfamiliar words. Tell students they can use this strategy as they read new words in The Power of Oil. On Level Practice Book O, page 126 Complete each sentence with a word from the box. electrical globe fuels decayed 1. The new electrical cars will help use less gasoline. 2. A horrible smell comes from the remains of animals that have decayed. 3. Scientists are always trying to produce better fuels and make them burn cleaner. 4. Countries from around the globe will participate in the conference. Now write a paragraph in which you use each vocabulary word at least once. Possible response provided. Much electrical power is produced by burning oil, coal, or natural gas. These fossil fuels are mined or pumped out of the ground. They can be found all over the globe. In all cases, they are the remains of decayed material. Approaching Practice Book A, page 126 Beyond Practice Book B, page 126 The Power of Oil 473

15 / Objectives Evaluate an article Identify techniques of persuasion Use academic language: evaluate, techniques, persuasion Materials Transparency 18 Leveled Practice Books, p. 127 Persuasion Introduce 473A B Practice/ Apply Reteach/ Review Assess Maintain ; Leveled Practice, M T Weekly Tests; Unit 4 Test 599A Reread for STRATEGY EVALUATE Tell students it is important to evaluate, or think critically, about what they are reading. As they read, they should ask themselves which statements are facts and which are the author s opinions. They should also identify the author s purpose. Is the author writing to entertain, to inform, to persuade, or some combination? SKILL PERSUASION When an author s purpose is to persuade, he or she is trying to convince the reader to do or believe something. Sometimes the author s opinions are not stated directly, or they may be stated as if they are facts. They can be inferred from the context and the author s choice of words. Students should look for loaded words that are meant to cause an emotional response in the reader. Explain that good readers are alert to various techniques of persuasion. Most advertising makes use of these to convince readers to buy a particular product or service. Authors whose purpose is to persuade the reader may also use them. Transparency 18 Real World Reading Explain Academic Language Make a chart with the heading Techniques of Persuasion and the words testimonials, endorsements, bandwagon, and slogans in the left column. In the right column give examples of each type. electrical globe fuels decayed A windmill farm in California uses clean technology to turn wind energy into electricity. 472 igh wind speeds in the San Gorgonio H Pass make conditions just right for delivering clean electricity to homes. Since 1998, Californians have been able to choose the source of their electricity. I am proud to say that my parents switched to a clean source of electrical power. Though it costs a bit more to generate electricity from wind than from fossil fuels, my parents decided to help the environment. They knew that burning fossil fuels always releases pollutants into the air. Choosing wind or solar power is the key to making sure that Earth s future is bright, says Nancy Hazard. Part of an organization that promotes the use of nonpolluting energy sources, Ms. Hazard also says, Creating that vision and really going for it that s how we ll get energized! Around the globe, more people than ever are willing to pay extra for clean sources of energy. If you live in a place where power might be generated with a clean technology, get things rolling by talking to your parents and teachers. Remember: Clean Energy for a Bright, Pollution-Free Future! Tiayana Banks, Palm Springs, CA Find out more about renewable energy sources at 473A Student Book page 472 available on Transparency 18

16 / Techniques of persuasion include, among others, testimonials or endorsements, appeals to do what everyone else does (bandwagon), and the repetition of catch phrases and slogans. MODEL Reread the first paragraph of Clean as a Breeze from Student Book page 472. Think Aloud I notice in the first paragraph that the author makes statements about wind power. I need to decide which are facts and which are opinions. In the first sentence, she says high winds in the San Gorgonio Pass are perfect for providing clean energy. Wind speeds can be measured, so that is probably a fact. Calling the electricity clean makes me wonder if there is dirty electricity. The author may be trying to make a point here. GUIDED PRACTICE Help students determine whether the second and third sentences in the first paragraph are statements of fact or opinion. Have them discuss whether any opinions are stated directly or indirectly. (The second sentence is a matter of public record, so it is a fact. The third is an indirect opinion that appeals to the reader s emotions.) Have students use what they have read in the first two paragraphs to discuss what it is the author wants the reader to do or think. (The author wants us to believe that electricity generated with wind power is a better choice because it does not pollute the air.) APPLY Have students reread the remainder of the selection and identify statements of fact or opinion. Then ask them to look for techniques of persuasion that the author might be using to persuade the reader. If students identify testimonials, make sure they determine whether the person providing the endorsement is an expert, a celebrity, or the man in the street. Ask them to tell how convincing any slogans are and explain why. Have students distinguish between persuasive and informational text. Can students identify techniques of persuasion? During Small Group Instruction If No Approaching Level, p. 481O If Yes On Level Options, pp. 481Q 481R On Level Practice Book O, page 127 Persuasion is convincing other people to agree with your ideas or opinions. Writers can use reasons, facts, examples, or feelings to try to persuade people. Read the selection below. Then answer the questions that follow. Possible responses provided. No matter where you live, it is a good idea to walk rather than use a car. Walking is good for you! The exercise helps to keep you healthy. My dad stopped driving last year and now he s running in races! Walking also cuts down on automobile use. This helps reduce pollution and is a good way to make our town safer. If fewer people are driving, there will be fewer automobile accidents. 1. What is the writer trying to persuade you to do? walk instead of ride in a car 2. What is one of the reasons the writer gives for his or her point of view? Walking is good exercise; cars pollute the environment; walking is safer than driving. 3. Write an additional reason that supports the writer s point of view. Walking is more fun. 4. What example does the writer give to support the statement that walking is good for you? The writer s father stopped driving and now he runs in races. 5. Has the writer persuaded you to walk instead of ride? Why or why not? Answers will vary. Beyond Level Options, pp. 481S 481T Approaching Practice Book A, page 127 Beyond Practice Book B, page 127 The Power of Oil 473B