Name Date Class. Overview Resources

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1 Directed Reading for Content Mastery Overview Resources Directions: Use the following terms to complete the concept map below. oil sunlight wind water coal natural gas geothermal Renewable energy resources include Nonrenewable energy resources 5. include Directions: For the following questions, write T for true or F for false Water pollution that comes from a large area, rather than a single source, is called point source pollution. 9. Useable water is freshwater, which can be groundwater or surface water. 10. Land is considered a renewable resource because it can be reused over time, but land still must be used wisely. Resources 15

2 Directed Reading for Content Mastery Section 1 Energy Resources Section 2 Alternative Energy Resources Directions: In the space at the left, write the letter of the term that correctly completes each sentence. 1. Gases from burning coal and oil mix with water in the air to produce. a. acid rain b. fossil fuels 2. Resources that will take longer than 100 years to replace are. a. renewable b. nonrenewable 3. Energy from waterfalls and fast-moving rivers can be used to provide power. a. hydroelectric b. fossil 4. Geysers, which produce hot water and steam, are an example of. a. acid rain b. geothermal energy 5. One problem associated with nuclear energy is the hazardous it forms. a. heat b. waste 6. The most abundant untapped energy resource on earth is from. a. the Sun b. solar cells 7. Solar calculators are powered by. a. fission b. solar cells Directions: Use the following terms to answer the questions below. Some terms will not be used. sunlight nonrenewable oil coal renewable natural gas 8. began to form millions of years ago in swampy regions. 9. An energy resource that can be recycled or replaced in fewer than 100 years is a(n) energy resource. 10. Solar energy is energy from. 16 Resources

3 Directed Reading for Content Mastery Section 3 Water Section 4 Land Directions: Use the missing words from the sentences below to complete the puzzle. The verticle boxed letters will complete sentence water is found in lakes, streams, and rivers. 2. water collects in small spaces between bits of soil and rock. 3. is the process of removing ores from Earth s crust. 4. Pollution that can be traced to a specific point of origin is pollution. 5. The largest amount of water on Earth is salt water, in the. 6. A mineral resource that can be mined at a profit is a(n). 7. About percent of Earth is covered by water The removal of all the trees in one area is called. 9. Even though are considered renewable, forests are not. 10. pollution comes from many different sources. 11. One benefit from is that they absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. 12. Metal objects come from resources. 13. is the careful use of resources with the goal of reducing damage to the environment. Resources 17

4 Name Date Class Directed Reading for Content Mastery Key Terms Resources Directions: Write the correct term next to its description below. hydroelectric pollution nonrenewable geothermal ore groundwater solar point source nuclear conservation fossil fuels renewable acid rain nonpoint source 1. resources that cannot be replaced within 100 years 2. water that collects between bits of rock and soil 3. energy resources formed from decaying remains of ancient plants and animals 4. energy from the Sun 5. energy produced by splitting atomic nuclei 6. heat energy from Earth 7. introduction of harmful substances into the environment 8. electricity produced using water 9. a single, identifiable source of pollution 10. produced when gases from burning coal and oil mix with water vapor that then condenses 11. type of resource that wind is 12. pollution from many different sources 13. a profitable mineral resource 14. the careful use of resources 18 Resources

5 1 Reinforcement Energy Resources Directions: Choose from the following terms. Complete the sentences below. Some of the terms will not be used. acid rain electrical energyfossil fuels lignite nonrenewable oceans pollution nuclear swamps 1. Resources that cannot be replaced by natural processes in less than 100 years are. 2. When gases released by burning coal and oil mix with water in the form of precipitation, forms. 3. The coal we use today formed in millions of years ago. 4. Energy resources formed from the decaying remains of ancient plants and animals are called. 5. The main sources of energy for homes and factories in the United States are power plants. 6. is a type of soft, brown coal. 7. can change the temperature, speed, or direction of an object. 8. The introduction of harmful chemicals, waste products, and other substances into our environment is called. Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided. 9. Name three types of fossil fuels. 10. Once oil and natural gas have formed, in which direction do they move through the surrounding rock and pore water? Why? 11. What might form a barrier to trap oil and natural gas? 12. When engineers drill into Earth and find a supply of both oil and natural gas, do they usually find the oil above the natural gas, the natural gas above the oil, or the two mixed together? Why? Resources 23

6 2 Reinforcement Alternative Energy Resources Directions: Use the clues to complete the puzzle Across 1. Ore commonly used in nuclear power plants 3. Heat energy from Earth 6. Energy resources that can be recycled or replaced by natural processes in less than 100 years 8. Solar that power solar calculators 10. Energy from the Sun 11. rods, housed within a nuclear reactor 12. Reaction that occurs when uranium atoms are split 13. State of nuclear waste for more than 10,000 years 14. Energy generated from splitting atoms 14 Down 2. Hot molten rock deep in Earth s crust 4. Production of electricity by water 5. Nuclear, a large chamber where fuel rods are located 7. Farm that has many windmills 9. Source of solar power 10. Hard, dark-colored element used in solar cells 24 Resources

7 3 Reinforcement Water Directions: Label each process shown in the illustration The illustration represents the. Directions: Match the percentage with its description by writing the correct letter in the space provided percent a. amount of Earth s total water supply that is salt water 6. 1 percent or less b. amount of Earth covered by water percent c. amount of Earth s water that is available for human use Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct terms. 8. Water that collects between bits of soil and rock under Earth s surface is. 9. Water that can be seen in rivers, lakes, and streams is. 10. Pollution from a single, identifiable source is called pollution. 11. The is a set of government standards for safe drinking water. Resources 25

8 4 Reinforcement Land Directions: Match the descriptions in Column I with the terms in Column II. Write the letter of the correct term in the blank at the left. Column I 1. the careful use of resources with the goal of reducing damage to the environment 2. method of forest conservation in which a limited number of trees are cut down and new trees planted in their place 3. the place where an organism lives 4. a mineral resource in quantity enough that it can be mined at a profit 5. method of forest harvesting in which all the trees in a specific area are cut down 6. a type of resource found in rocks 7. a rise in temperatures around the world Column II a. habitat b. global warming c. mineral d. conservation e. ore f. select cutting g. clear-cutting Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided. 8. Name two resources that the land provides for humans. 9. Besides providing valuable resources, what are some other important uses for land? 10. How do forests help keep Earth s atmosphere in balance? 26 Resources

9 Note-taking Worksheet Energy Resources Section 1 Energy Resources A. energy resources formed from ancient decayed organisms 1. formed in swampy regions from decayed plants and sediment a. Pressure and caused chemical reactions: b. Peat to c. Lignite to coal 2. Oil and formed in oceans from decayed algae, plankton, and sediment a. and heat caused chemical reactions. b. Move upward less than surrounding rock B. caused by burning fossil fuels 1. gases released by burning coal or oil mix with water in the air. a. Pollutes harms plants and trees b. Pollutes harms aquatic life C. fossil fuels used up faster than nature can replace them 1. World s energy needs provided by coal: percent; oil and natural gas: percent a. Coal could last years b. Oil could last years c. Natural gas could last years 2. Conserving one way to reduce the use of fossil fuels and reduce pollution Section 2 Alternative Energy Resources A. resources energy that can be recycled or replaced B. uses energy from the Sun 1. change light into electricity 2. Enough energy reaches Earth in one to supply world for a year. 3. Disadvantages: a. Available only when the Sun is Resources 31

10 Note-taking Worksheet (continued) b. No to harness all the Sun s energy C. Wind energy uses 1. many windmills in one area 2. Disadvantages a. Not b. Only a few regions with enough winds c. Wind farms dangerous to D. using moving water 1. Sources of moving water a. Natural b. Concrete 2. Disadvantages a. Increased downstream b. habitats disturbed c. Some places not near E. uses the magma and hot rocks beneath Earth s surface 1. When magma close to Earth s surface erupts 2. Disadvantages a. Can be harmful to b. Few places have near Earth s surface c. Places with no magma near the surface need deep. F. produced by splitting nuclei of certain elements 1. name for the splitting process 2. Most common element used in nuclear power plants 3. Disadvantages a. Produces nuclear waste b. Possible problems in nuclear waste 32 Resources

11 Note-taking Worksheet (continued) Section 3 Water A. vital to life on Earth 1. percent of Earth covered by water 2. Less than percent available for human use B. Two major sources of public water supply 1. water found under Earth s surface 2. Water harmful debris, chemicals, or biological materials added to water 3. Laws to water pollution a. ensures safe drinking water b. gives states money to build water treatment plants Section 4 Land A. Land resources 1. Amount of land is. 2. People must use land. a. Preserve b. Reduce soil B. land resource trees 1. Important product 2. careful use of resources to reduce environmental damage a. limited number of trees in one area are cut down and replaced. b. all trees in one area are cut down and replaced. 3. Tree resource can plant a new tree 4. Forest resource-complex ecosystem Resources 33

12 Note-taking Worksheet (continued) C. land resource found in rocks 1. mineral mined at a profit a. Found Earth s surface b. such as iron 2. process used to reach ore a. Moves large quantities of soil and rock b. Affects the 34 Resources

13 Chapter Review Resources Part A. Vocabulary Review Directions: Match the terms in Column II with the descriptions in Column I. Write the letter of the correct term in the blank at the left. Column I Column II 1. produced when gases released by burning oil and coal mix with water in the air 2. the introduction of harmful waste products, chemicals, and substances into the environment 3. energy resources formed from the decaying remains of ancient plants and animals 4. resources that cannot be replaced by natural processes in less than 100 years 5. produced by splitting the nuclei of certain elements a. acid rain b. conservation c. fossil fuels d. geothermal energy e. groundwater f. hydroelectric power 6. the production of electricity by water 7. resources that can be recycled or replaced by natural processes in less than 100 years 8. energy from the Sun 9. heat energy from inside Earth 10. a single, identifiable source of pollution 11. water that soaks into the ground and collects in small spaces between bits of soil and rock 12. pollution from many different sources 13. the careful use of resources with the goal of reducing damage to the environment 14. a mineral resource that can be mined at a profit Part B. Concept Review Directions: Classify the following by writing renewable or nonrenewable before each energy source. 1. water 2. coal 3. solar energy g. nonpoint source h. nonrenewable i. nuclear energy j. ore k. point source l. pollution m. renewable n. solar energy Assessment 4. oil 5. natural gas 6. geothermal energy Resources 37

14 Chapter Review (continued) Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct terms. 7. The major disadvantage of nuclear energy is the production of. 8. Less than percent of the Earth s total water supply is available for human use. 9. Usable water is found in surface water, such as lakes and rivers, and in sources. 10. Although trees are considered renewable resources, are not. Directions: Answer the following questions using complete sentences. 11. Name two disadvantages of using fossils fuels. 12. Discuss two possible disadvantages associated with the building of cities and towns close to water sources. Assessment 13. Is land considered a renewable or nonrenewable resource? Why? 14. Name two types of pollution associated with the mining of mineral resources. 15. What are the advantages of using alternative energy sources? 38 Resources

15 Chapter Test Resources I. Testing Concepts Directions: In the blank at the left, write the letter of the term that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Fossil fuels are the ancient decaying remains of. a. renewable resources c. plants and animals b. nonrenewable resources d. coal and gas 2. is produced by splitting the nuclei of certain elements. a. Solar energy c. Hydroelectric power b. Geothermal energy d. Nuclear energy 3. The introduction of harmful waste products, chemicals, and substances into the environment is called. a. pollution b. conservation c. wasteful d. risk free 4. Pollution that comes from many different sources is called pollution. a. renewable b. nonpoint source c. point source d. nonrenewable 5. What kind of power would a large dam generate? a. hydroelectric b. geothermal c. solar d. nuclear 6. is heat energy from Earth. a. Solar energy c. Geothermal energy b. Nuclear energy d. Hydroelectric power 7. When gases released by burning oil and coal mix with water in the air, they form. a. fossil fuels b. natural gas c. fission d. acid rain 8. A(n) is a mineral resource found in large enough quantity to be mined at a profit. a. alloy b. compound c. fission d. ore 9. Resources that cannot be replaced by natural processes in 100 years or less are called. a. nonrenewable b. point source c. renewable d. conservation 10. is energy from the Sun. a. Nuclear energy c. Solar energy b. Hydroelectric power d. Geothermal energy 11. What is water called that soaks into the ground and collects in small spaces between bits of soil and rock? a. surface water b. groundwater c. reservoir water d. salt water 12. Which of the following renewable energy resources causes the greatest waste hazard? a. the Sun b. wind c. nuclear d. hydroelectric 13. is the careful use of resources with the goal of reducing damage to the environment. a. Pollution b. Construction c. Point source d. Conservation Assessment 14. How many years do scientists estimate we have left of our available reserves of oil? a. 200 to 300 b. 100 to 200 c. 30 to 40 d. 5 to 10 Resources 39

16 Chapter Test (continued) 15. Once oil and natural gas have formed, they will begin to through the surrounding rock and pore water. a. vaporize b. move upward c. sink d. erode 16. Oil and natural gas are than the surrounding rock and pore water. a. less dense c. the same density as b. more dense d. none of these 17. According to your textbook, the best solution for air pollution is. a. desalination c. prevention b. better air-cleaning methods d. banning motor vehicles 18. Plants and animals that die today would need of years to become fossil fuels. a. hundreds b. thousands c. millions d. billions 19. Disadvantages to using solar energy include. a. harmful waste products c. high temperatures in tropical regions b. dependence on weather d. all of these 20. Disadvantages to using wind energy include. a. harmful waste products c. limited to certain regions b. storage problems d. none of these Directions: Identify each statement as true or false. Rewrite false statements to make them correct. 21. Trees and forests are both renewable resources. Assessment 22. Land is a renewable resource because, in most cases, it can be used over and over again. 23. Seventy percent of Earth s total water supply is usable for humans. II. Understanding Concepts Skill: Designing an Experiment 1. You are considering three types of energy to heat your home: electric, natural gas, and solar panels. How would you conduct an experiment to determine their cost effectiveness? 40 Resources

17 Chapter Test (continued) Skill: Making and Using Tables Directions: Use the following table to answer the items below. Advantages/disadvantages Hydroelectric Geothermal Renewable yes a. Can cause cause pollution b. yes Can be expensive c. yes Can disrupt natural habitats yes d. Requires no fuel source e. yes Able to be used in many areas f. no Currently used to produce electricity yes g. 2. Complete the table above, which compares hydroelectric power and geothermal energy. 3. What major advantage does hydroelectric power have over geothermal energy? 4. What is the major disadvantage of both hydroelectric power and geothermal energy? 5. In the space below, make your own table comparing a nonrenewable energy resource and a renewable energy resource. Do not use hydroelectric power or geothermal energy. III. Applying Concepts Directions: Identify which of the following land uses will keep the land as a renewable resource R or turn the land into a nonrenewable resource N. 1. asphalt parking lot 2. pasture 3. football field 4. airport 5. tree farm Assessment Resources 41

18 Chapter Test (continued) IV. Writing Skills Directions: Answer the following questions using complete sentences. 1. Explain some things that people can do to help reduce water pollution and why this would improve the quality of people s lives. 2. Water covers 70 percent of Earth. Explain why only about one percent is available for human use and where that one percent of water is found. 3. Large bodies of water are not evenly distributed throughout a country. Relate this to how cities are distributed. Assessment 4. Suppose you live near a river. Dams and pipelines from the river provide water to a desert area hundreds of miles away. Why is it important for people in both areas to prevent water pollution? 5. How can laws help people use land wisely? 42 Resources