Integrating Geothermal Heat Pump Systems in Smart District Energy Networks Case studies for E.ON Malmö

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1 ISRN LUTMDN/TMHP--13/ SE ISSN Integrating Geothermal Heat Pump Systems in Smart District Energy Networks Case studies for E.ON Malmö Gustav Sandgren Examensarbete Energihushållning Institutionen för Energivetenskaper Lunds Universitet - LTH Box 118, Lund, Sverige

2 Integrating Geothermal Heat Pump Systems in Smart District Energy Networks Case studies for E.ON Malmö Gustav Sandgren, Jan 2013

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22 EER EER at coolant temperature 40 degree Celsius and less, varying with lowered power output EER at coolant temperature 55 degree Celsius EER at coolant temperature 60 degree Celsius Power output

24 COP, EER EER standard with variying coolant temperature total COP, 1+2+3, 55 C EER, 1+2+3, 55 C COP, 1+2+3, 55 C EER Machine 3, 55 C COP Machine 3, 55 C EER Machine 2, 48 C 2 COP Machine 2, 48 C 1 EER Machine 1, 41 C Cooling Power Output, [%] COP Machine 1, 41 C

25 Temperature, C Power, kw Hourly average temperatures Heat Power Demand Cooling Power Demand

29 Energy Calculations, MWh ref. Case A Case A ref. Case B Case B total cooling consumption total free cooling electricity consumption, pumps free cooling electricity consumption, chillers electricity consumption, DH circulation pumps electricity consumption, peak cooling need

30 Seasonal Performance Factor total electricity, for cooling and DH-delivery produced cold produced heat SPF without heat recovery 8,6 8,6 6,7 6,7 SPF 8,6 9,1 6,7 8, case A case B SPF cold production, without excess heat delivery SPF, summer period, cold production and excess heat delivered

31 ksek LCC, borehole + HP investment costs LCC, investment DH-connection LCC, energy cost 5000 LCC, DUAM costs LCC, energy income 0 reference A A reference B B LCC, total -5000

32 ksek LCC, borehole + HP investment costs LCC, investment DH-connection reference A A reference B B LCC, energy cost LCC, DUAM costs LCC, energy income LCC, total

33 ksek LCC, borehole + HP investment costs LCC, investment DH-connection LCC, energy cost 5000 LCC, DUAM costs LCC, energy income 0 reference A A reference B B LCC, total -5000

34 MWh Yearly CO2 equivalent emissions, tonnes ref. Case A case A ref. Case B case B footprint electricity consumption, tonnes CO2- equivalents footprint reduction, by replacement of ordinary DH, tonnes CO2-equivalents total emissions, tonnes CO2- equivalents ref. Case A case A ref.case B Case B reduction DH-energy, primary factor = 0,42 increase electricty use, primary factor = 1,

37 Temperature, C Power, kw Hourly average temperatures Heat Power Demand possibility DCproduction

40 payback time, years Present value, ksek Investment borehole + HP Energy costs Energy income LCC, total without DC-prod. with DC-prod payback time, price at 400 SEK/MWh payback time, price at 500 SEK/MWh payback time, price at 600 SEK/MWh payback time, price at 700 SEK/MWh Marginal production cost ordinary DC-production, SEK/MWh

46 Building and borehole parameters case A case B design heat power demand W design peak cold power demand W borehole costs SEK/m possible continuous cooling power W/m possible continuous heating power W/m possible free cooling power W/m maximum heat power output kw maximum cold power output kw borehole cold power output free cooling (20W/m) kw nr boreholes heating/cooling depth boreholes m power coverage percent, free cooling 50,0% 39,4% power coverage percent, heating 100,0% 100,0% Investment costs cost, boreholes ksek cost, environmental permit ksek basic investment costs HP ksek investment HP/Chiller à 150 Kw (power compressor) ksek nr of HP/COOLING units 3 3 cost over ground system + permit ksek SUM ksek ksek COP, EER COP heat pump 3 3 EER at maximum power output 3,7 3,7 average EER standard cooling 4,3 4,3 average EER cooling when delivering heat 2,9 2,9 COP heat delivery 3,9 4,1 Simulation, powers, consumption, electricity etc. average cooling power when delivering heat kw corresponding compressor power kw average heating power delivered heat kw operating hours, machine cooling + heating h consumption electricity, pumps, free cooling kwh average electricity consumption, circulation pumps 8 8 kwh/h consumption electricity, circulation pumps kwh consumption electricity, cooling machine, before kwh

47 after kwh Prices, variable costs and incomes average price electricity, summer 0,7 0,7 SEK/kWh cost electricity, without any delivery SEK cost electricity, with delivery SEK increased electricity costs price sold heat SEK/MWh heat sold MWh heat income SEK Heat income-increased electricity costs SEK Investment costs, Deliverance DH distance between DH network and GSHP central m connection fee, DH SEK/m HE and DH-terminal SEK/kW installed HE power kw Circulation pumps SEK SUM SEK LCC ref. Case A Case A ref. Case B Case B present value factor 15,37 15,37 15,37 15,37 present value factor 13,76 13,76 13,76 13,76 present value factor 12,41 12,41 12,41 12,41 cost of capital 1 5,00% 5,00% 5,00% 5,00% cost of capital 2 6,00% 6,00% 6,00% 6,00% cost of capital 3 7,00% 7,00% 7,00% 7,00% lifetime years investment, borehole, HP ksek investment, DH/DC connection expected reinvestment heat pumps, after 15 years ksek Price inflation 3% 3% 3% 3% "present cost" of the expected reinvestment ksek Present value investment boreholes and HP system ksek total investment ksek Energy costs ksek/year present value cost ksek Energy income ksek/year present value income ksek present value cost-income ksek DUAM due to more operating hours ksek/year DUAM other ksek/year

48 present value DUAM cost ksek LCC ( cost of capital, 6%) ksek Year 1, investment ksek Year 1, energy costs -income ksek Year 1, DUAM ksek total, Year ksek Energy Calculations total cooling consumption MWh total free cooling MWh electricity consumption, pumps free cooling MWh electricity consumption, chillers MWh electricity consumption, DH circulation pumps MWh electricity consumption, peak cooling power need MWh total electricity, for cooling and DH-delivery MWh produced cold MWh produced heat MWh SPF without heat recovery 8,6 8,6 6,7 6,7 SPF 8,6 9,1 6,7 8,2 Environmental key numbers CO2 equivalents/electricity consumption kg/mwh CO2 footprint electricity tonnes CO2 equivalents/ordinary DH-consumption kg/mwh DH satisfied by excess heat MWh CO2 footprint, ordinary DH-consumption for this need total footprint, event building + residence tonnes change CO2 footprint total, tonnes tonnes - change, percent 0,0% 28,5% 0,0% -55,4% percent primary energy factor, DH 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,42 primary energy factor, electricity 1,90 1,90 1,90 1,90 weighted reduction energy use, DH MWh/year weighted increase electricity use MWh/year Building and borehole parameters design heat power demand W borehole costs SEK/m possible continuous heating power W/m possible continuous cooling power W/m

49 maximum heat power output (only HP) kw maximum cold power output kw nr boreholes heating/cooling depth boreholes m power coverage percent, heating 80,0% 80,0% 80,0% Investment costs cost, boreholes ksek cost, environmental permit ksek basic investment costs HP ksek investment HP/Chiller à 50 Kw (power compressor) ksek nr of HP/COOLING units cost over ground system + permit ksek depreciation period, borehole years depreciation period, over ground system years COP, EER compressor frequency, when delivering DC 100% 75% 50% COP heat pump 3,5 3,5 3,5 EER at maximum power output 3,7 3,7 3,7 EER at chosen frequency 3,74 4,19 4,73 Simulation, powers, consumption, electricity etc. compressor power kw average cooling power delivered kw operating hours h sold cold MWh consumption electricity, cooling machine kwh Prices, variable costs and incomes DC-production average price electricity, summer 0,7 0,7 0,7 SEK/kWh average electricity consumption, circulation pumps kwh/h cost electricity consumption, circulation pumps SEK/year cost electricity SEK cost electricity/mwh DC SEK/MWh DUAM due to more operating hours ksek/year DUAM other ksek/year DUAM DC-substation ksek/year tot DUAM SEK/MWh cooling SEK/MWh straight depreciation per MWh produced heat SEK/MWh heat total varying costs SEK/MWh price sold DC 400 SEK/MWh 500 SEK/MWh 600 SEK/MWh

50 700 SEK/MWh investment costs, Deliverance DC distance between DC network and GHP central m connection fee, DC SEK/m HE and DC-substation SEK/kW installed HE power kw maximum flow, DC delivery l/s Circulation pumps ksek SUM ksek frequency percentage, compressor 75% 75% 75% 75% marginal production cost 1, 2, 3 900,00 800,00 700,00 600,00 SEK/MWh payback time, price 400 SEK /MWh 1,97 2,46 3,28 4,93 years payback time, price 500 SEK /MWh 2,46 3,28 4,93 9,85 years payback time, price 600 SEK /MWh 3,28 4,93 9,85 years payback time, price 700 SEK /MWh 4,93 9,85 years LCC present value factor 15,37 15,37 present value factor 13,76 13,76 present value factor 12,41 12,41 cost of capital 1 5,00% 5,00% cost of capital 2 6,00% 6,00% cost of capital 3 7,00% 7,00% lifetime years investment, borehole, HP, DH connection, HE etc ksek expected reinvestment heat pumps, after 15 years ksek price inflation 3% 3% "present cost" of the expected reinvestment ksek total investment ksek Energy costs ksek/year present value cost ksek Energy income ksek/year present value income ksek present value DUAM cost ksek LCC(5) ksek LCC(6) ksek LCC(7) ksek

After refurbishment, heat recovery and demand control of the air flow were installed and the use of the systems were optimized.

After refurbishment, heat recovery and demand control of the air flow were installed and the use of the systems were optimized. Property name: Nordstan Nordstan Objekt 6 Property owner: Vasakronan AB Consultants: GICON Total Concept method Step 1. Creating the action package Building and its use Year built: 1968 Area: 48 600 m²