The Vision of Low-Carbon Homeland in Taiwan and its Implementation Strategies

Transcription

1 The Vision of Low-Carbon Homeland in Taiwan and its Implementation Strategies Dr. Wen-Yan Chiau Deputy Minister Environmental Protection Administration Executive Yuan September 7, 2010

2 Outlines I. Global Trend of CO 2 Reduction II. Strategies for Low-Carbon Society III. Target and Timetable of Low-Carbon Taiwan IV. Low-Carbon Community Program V. Low-Carbon City Competition Mechanism VI. Conclusions 2

3 I. Global Trend of CO 2 Reduction 3

4 I Global Warming & Climate Change Temperature is getting warm. Extreme weather conditions resulted in forest fires, floods, heat waves, pest infestation, and epidemics. Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft, TOPICS GEO Natural catastrophes 2009 Analyses, assessments, positions, February

5 Russia Wildfires Wildfires turn Russia red: 700 die a day in Moscow as deadly smog doubles mortality rate /Russia-wildfires-700-die-day-Moscow-smogdoubles-mortality-rate.html

6 Typhoon Morakot, 2009

7 I Economic Losses The economic and insurance losses are soaring worldwide due to impacts of weather-related disasters. ( ) Mitigating climate change and its impacts is a must. Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft, TOPICS GEO Natural catastrophes 2009 Analyses, assessments, positions, February

8 I International Efforts UNFCCC was approved in May But, the warming did not slow down, and mankind are facing further severe challenge to reduce CO 2 emission. Reduction targets are difficult to attain among most countries 1997 Kyoto Protocol The 38 Annex 1 developed countries are required to achieve the reduction target by The members share common but differentiated responsibilities to prevent climate change with costeffectiveness and minimum cost. Global financial crisis Common responsibilities of the developing countries UN Climate Change Conference, Copenhagen,2009 After 2012: All countries are responsible for their own reduction To control the global temperature rise within 2 By Feb 1, 2010, the developed countries propose the quantified targets for 2020 greenhouse gas reduction, while the developing countries address the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions(NAMAs). Rich countries pledge to provide huge funds for developing countries. The developing countries implement their NAMAs The feasible action plan to be proposed. Green New Deal and low-carbon life Post-Kyoto reduction target and mechanism to be established by

9 I CO2 Reduction Commitment of Annex 1 Countries According to the UNFCCC Secretariat, more than 120 parties support the Copenhagen Accord; 76 parties have submitted GHG emission reduction commitments and action plans. Annex 1 countries % of emission worldwide (2005) Baseline year Australia 1.30% 1990 Reduction by 2020 (1st commitment period of Kyoto goals) -3.89% to -24.1% (8%) Australian parliament rejected the emissions trading act on Dec Baseline year 2000 Reduction by to -25% Canada 1.86% % (-6%) % EU 11.69% % to -30% (-8%) Japan 3.14% % (-6%) New Zealand 0.18% to -20% (0%) Norway 0.12% % to -40% (1%) Russia 4.64% % to -25% (0%) Switzerland 0.12% % to -30% (-8%) USA 15.78% % (-7%) % Source: 1. UNFCCC website, 2. US Climate Action Network, 9

10 I Mitigation Actions of Non-Annex 1 Countries All Non-Annex 1 countries would not commit reduction volume as targets. Instead, they response with the evaluation suggestions set forth by the 3rd work group of IPCC AR4 by proposing the mitigation actions which the non-annex 1 countries will implement by Reduction of carbon intensity China : reduce carbon intensity by 40-45% of the 2005 level by 2020 India : reduce carbon intensity by 20-25% of the 2005 level by 2020 Based on Emission Baseline Korea : reduce 30% of total emission below BAU by 2020 Singapore : reduce 16% below BAU by 2020 Brazil :reduce % below BAU Mexico :reduce 30% below BAU Indonesia :reduce 26% below BAU South Africa :reduce 34% below BAU Countries with similar competitiveness to Taiwan (e.g. Korea and Singapore) settle BAU as their mitigation targets instead of substantial reduction, will be references for Taiwan. 10

11 Meaningful Participation in UNFCCC 繪畫 攝影 / 邱文彥

12 II. Strategies for Low-Carbon Society 12

13 II International Efforts United Nations Secretary-General: Ban Ki-moon Proposed the Green New Deal in 2009, urging all countries to combat global warming together and develop green economy. Former World Bank Chief Economist: Nicolas Stern UNEP Effective implementation of Green New Deal, A green stimulus could provide a boost to the economy. This not only is a simple Keynesian stimulation measure, but also a good foundation for sustainable development in the future. The report A Global Green New Deal, GGND published in Feb 2009 outlining 3 major goals: Revitalize economy, create employment and protect of the vulnerable Reduce carbon dependency, deterioration of ecology and environment, and the shortage of water resources Resolve the extreme poverty issue in the world by

14 II Green New Deal Since 2009, many countries initiated their Green New Deal, integrating of low-carbon energy, low-carbon industry and low-carbon society through national actions to achieve the goal of CO2 reduction. The countries promoted their Green New Deals in 2009 (UK, Japan, Germany, USA) Goal: to achieve the vision of low-carbon society 3 elements of low-carbon society (LCS) Sustainable low-carbon homeland and lowcarbon living Low-carbon industrial structure Low-carbon power generation Transports: rapid transit network and convenient transport environment Environment: moving toward low-carbon city and promotion of energy saving lighting Living: national action for carbon reduction, recycling and reuse 14

15 II An Effective Solution IEA: If reduction policies can be implemented, a significant result on energy conservation can be expected in 5 years. And, some 8.2Gt of CO 2 emission can be reduced per year by By 2030, the estimated energy conservation will be 34% for buildings, 13% for facilities, 10% for lightings, 24% for transports and 20% for industries. Energy saving and GHG reduction should be initiated from communities and cities

16 II International Cases of Low-Carbon Community Most of them initiated from small communities. Beddington, UK (Low-carbon buildings) Zermatt, Switzerland (Low-carbon transportation) Bike renting in Paris (Low-carbon transportation) Malmö, Sweden (Renewable energy) Fuji Mountain, Japan (Water/energy saving) Hammarby Sjöstad, Sweden (Recycling) Shenzhen, China (Eco/energy saving) Hawaii, USA (Renewable energy) Curitiba, Brazil (Eco greening) Masdar, UAE (Renewable energy) Putrajaya, Malaysia (Water saving) Discovery Bay, Hong Kong (Energy saving) 16

17 II Low-Carbon Communities Samsø Island, Denmark Energy saving: bio-energy, wind power generation, and unified heating Renewable energy: wind power and bio-energy; power generation for demands on the island and sales; 10 offshore 2.3MW wind turbines to compensate the CO2 emission for carbon neutralization. Subsidy: government buys the power at 0.43 crown/degree; subsidy for wind turbine maintenance for the first 5 years. GHG growth by -142 % Freiburg, Germany Stockholm, Sweden Transportation: clean fuel for buses; bike routes; CO2 emission tax for fossil fuel; eco-taxis Energy: organic wastes recycled to methane production; subsidies for development of low-carbon technology Life: low-carbon diets encouraged; waste disposal fees Industries: emission reports every year; emission fees charged, and returned for achieving performance goals. Kyushu City, Japan Transportation: electric cars and buses encouraged; environmental monthly pass; bike routes Energy: co-generation as the main heat supply source; 30% less energy consumption required for new buildings Wastes: waste reduction; recycling; waste disposal in categories Eco-greening: 42% of lands are protected from development; natural habitats reserved. Transportation: public transportation; use of private transportation discouraged; walking, biking and car-pooling encouraged Architecture: medium and high-rise apartments; better life functions; lowcarbon building concepts; concentrated parking Energy efficiency: energy saving counseling and energy management Greening: green landscapes, parks, water-retaining pavement, tree planting and green walls Scheme of loc-carbon project in Kitakyushu 17

18 II Long-term Strategies UK, Japan, Germany and USA are very active to promote low-carbon society transformation Low-carbon Transition Plan Low-carbon Society Plan Low-carbon Economy proposed in 2003 white book Climate Change Act in 2008 revealed reduction target Low-carbon society action plan published in July 2008 for long-term GHG reduction targets Low-carbon transition plan, Renewable energy strategy, Lowcarbon industrial strategy and Lowcarbon transport innovation strategy were proposed; CO2 reduction targets set in government budget schemes Low-carbon community projects proposed for reformation/ transition of 20 low-carbon communities in 2 years 12 low-carbon society action plans proposed for different sector of society Local community councils established for low-carbon reformation 132 low-carbon communities to be established 13 eco-city establishment plans 18

19 II Long-term Strategies Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz, EEG EEG approved in Apr. 2000; the target of 12.5% for renewable energy by 2010 was achieved in 2008 Energy efficient urban lighting reformation plan Village reformation plan Subsidies for solar energy, wind power generation, geothermal energy, small hydraulic power generation and bioenergy Funding for industrial investments on renewable energy Guaranteed price of power generation Community development plan for renewable energy and energy efficiency improvement The House of Representatives approved the Clean Energy and Security Act in Jun 2009, and submitted to the Senate for review. The act covers zero-energy buildings, community power generation, energy efficient transport, power system management and renewable energy communities Interdepartmental low-carbon strategy is launched for clean fuel cars, green energy education, high-performance buildings, bike routes, energy efficiency and traffic signal upgrade 19

20 II Long-term Strategies National Fundamental Plan of Energy Published in 2008 for the low carbon and green growth Green Growth Act draft was proposed in 2009 for the review of Congress The draft of the Act requires the establishment of green growth committee under the President Green growth vision announced to incorporate low carbon and climate change adaptation in the all sectors and aspects of the country s development China s response to climate change The State Council announced on Nov to reduce 40-45% of CO2 emission per unit production based on 2005 level by 2020 China will develop low carbon cities in the next 3-5 years indicated by climate organization in 2009 Several major cities have proposed their low-carbon development conceptualization WWF selected several cities in China as the examplary for low-carbon development 20

21 WORK Architecture Company Wins Competition to Redesign Shenzhen s Hua Qiang Bei Road 深圳 s_competition_to_redesign_shenzhens_hua_qiang_/

22 III. Target and Timetable of Low-Carbon Taiwan 22

23 III Policies and Goals Resolution of National Energy Conference in 2009 Presidential instruction on ad hoc Report of Energy Conservation and CO2 Reduction National Master Plan of Energy Conservation and CO2 Reduction The Low-carbon city action plan for low-carbon cities With 2 low-carbon exemplary communities in each county and city within 2 years, 6 low-carbon cities within 5 years, and 4 low-carbon life circles, in northern, central, southern and eastern Taiwan, by 2020 Select proper cities for the energy saving and CO2 reduction strategy and as the exemplary cities of development as focus for better policy demonstration Standards and mechanisms are developed for the local government to make selection for fair competition and encourage the motivation of participation Taiwan EPA takes in charge of 3 pilot plans of low-carbon communities, low-carbon cities and low-carbon island. With 50 low-carbon communities, 4 low-carbon cities and 2 low-carbon islands of Kinmen and Penghu to be developed 23

24 III Timetable Protecting environment for the next golden decade. Achieve a low to zero carbon emission society as well as a comfortable, eco-friendly and happy environment 50 low-carbon communities by low-carbono cities and 2 low-carbon islands by low-carbon living perimeters by

25 IV. Low-Carbon Community Promotion Program g= 6APpury4Xpujc-lShn2DosPmWCI=&h=306&w=480&sz=33&hl=zh- TW&start=72&sig2=b2TJUjFAYLjJUpgt_fIsVw&zoom=1&tbnid=mZB72TIBdTCkeM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=163&ei=DRCFTKnPLtG3cY6VuNAL&prev=/images%3Fq%3 D%25E5%258F%25B0%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%25B8%2582%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dzh- TW%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1259%26bih%3D596%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C2012&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=281&oei=xg6FTMLbG8jRcYbGsewK&esq=7&page=5&n dsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:72&tx=131&ty=89&biw=1259&bih=596 25

26 IV Platform & Promotion Strategies Platform To integrate green energy working groups, financial system (banks) and private capitals to serve as the operational platform. Promotion strategies To establish a fair selection mechanism; To integrate necessary resources among the central and the local agencies; To introduce new technology and concepts; To develop feasible low-carbon measures to meet the local environment; To facilitate promotion and dissemination. 26

27 IV Community Selection Applicant: Any borough, village and/or community with sound management institution; EPA: promulgated the Principles for Selecting low-carbon model Community. EPA: also published the Manual for On-site Review of Lowcarbon Model Community. Via this two-stage process, two communities are selected each county/city to be established as the model. 27

28 IV Community Selection Rating 1st stages rating 2nd stage rating Establishment of low-carbon communities Recommendation Open for applying Establishment of lowcarbon rating teams Ad hoc rating Selection of candidates Diagnosis and consultation Development Continuous improvement and maintenance 28

29 IV Financial Support from the Governments Central government: EPA will take lead to coordinate related agencies to provide financial aids. Bureau of Energy provides funding to ESCOs, energy efficient lightings for traffic and road, and low CO2 emission transport project; TaiPower provides funding for installation of intelligent power meters, Ministry of Education provides funding for the energy saving facilities in schools. Local government: are to establish dedicated low-carbon homeland promotion organization for effective coordination and integration at the local level. 29

30 IV Seven Aspects Are Encouraged 7 major aspects of low-carbon measures to be selected based on community s characteristics Recycling Green production/ consumption Reduction from the beginning/recycling Reuse and regeneration Water saving and wastewater recycling Rainwater collection Low-carbon buildings Green buildings Green building materials Energy efficiency Energy saving equipment and efficiency improvement Energy saving lighting Energy saving home appliances Measures for low-carbon communities Renewable energy Promotion of wind power, solar energy and solar power generation Promotion of bio-energy Green transportation Promotion of low-carbon transports Package for electric vehicle charging system Establishment and connection of bike routes Greening Tree planting, green fences, gardens and landscape greening Low-carbon life Low-carbon promotion, education and green consumption 10 measures for energy saving and CO2 reduction 30

31 IV Energy Service Strategy Alliance The Energy Service Strategy Alliance was established on 22 April 2010 by EPA, ESCOs and bank associations Low-carbon buildings Renewable energy and efficiency improvement Promotion of energy saving lightings, wind power and solar energy Planning of natural energy use and environmental greening 1. Introduce professional ESCOs for ad hoc evaluation and diagnosis (including power, lighting, air conditioning) and propose suggestions in improvement measures and financial feasibility 2. ESCOs, contract with the communities, propose self-liquidating solutions, with investments and service fees reimbursed from energy saving, with energy efficiency guaranteed from ESCOs and benefit sharing with shareholders. 3. The banks, working with the ESCOs, provide the funding. Implement TaiPower is promoting the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and home energy management system (HEMS) in priority before the action. 31

32 V. Low-Carbon City Competition Mechanism 32

33 V Low-carbon City Selection EU s Case EU s Green Capital recognition program - Overview Environment Committee of the European Union leads the project and establishes the review committee Two stages of review: first on document review and 2nd by presentation The review covers CO2 emission, transport, urban green lands, air quality, noise control, waste management, water resource management, wastewater management, local government s environment management strategies, and sustainable use of land. Also, there are point awarding for overall performance and visions. EU s Green Capital Selection mechanism EU s Green Capital Review items and criteria Review items Rating/stage CO2 emission Transportation Urban greening Air quality Noise control Waste management Water resource management Wastewater management Environmental management strategies of local government Sustainable use of land Experience sharing and example transfer Bonus Overall performance and vision - 20 Total

34 V Japan s Case Environmental city of Japan - Overview Environmental city of Japan Review items and criteria Review items Low-carbon city establishment committee Selection through categories of metropolitan, local central urban and rural areas Document review on carbon reduction targets, piloting, regional adaptability, feasibility and sustainability for the selection criteria of cities before solid action plans are proposed. 1. GHG reduction goals 2. Low-carbon promotion model and pilot technology 3. Local adaptability of low-carbon strategy 4. Feasibility of low-carbon actions 5. Sustainability of low-carbon measures Reduction goals Environmental city of Japan Selection mechanism 34 Continuat ion Feasibilit y Review principle s Piloting character istics Adaptabil ity

35 V UK s Cases Low-carbon community plan of UK - Overview Ddepartment of Energy and Climate Change starts the two years project with two categories of CO2 reduction project and implementing and CO2 reduction conceptual design to be implemented. Document review covers overall capability to implement, capability of project integration, combination of learning, expertise and resources, improvement of community awareness, fostering of community leadership and partnership, learning willingness, capability of impact quantification, reproducibility and fair sustainability. Low-carbon community plan of UK - Selection mechanism Low-carbon community plan of UK Review items and criteria Review items Rating 1. Overall promotion capability Project integration capability Combination of professional resources Improvement of community awareness Creation of community partnership Willingness to learn and ability to evaluate Reproducibility Fairness and sustainability Total 100

36 V Taiwan s Environmental Technical Parks Taiwan's environmental protection technical park plan - Overview EPA s environmental protection technical guidance committee will determine the approval of applications from local governments Two stages of review, with 1st in document review and the 2nd on ad hoc survey and comprehensive review Difference in different aspects on stage review and different rating Taiwan s environmental protection technical park plan Selection mechanism Taiwan s environmental protection technical park plan Review items and criteria Review stage Review items Rating Documentation review Environment al protection technical park establishmen t plan Cyclic ecologic urban and rural development plan Field survey Comprehensive review Current establishment of the park Introduction of key/regional ideas for industrial ecology 3. Park development ideas and planning 15 4.Planning of the park s operation in the future Performance assessment for achievement of resource recycling and zero emission by years 1. Conditions for establishment of cyclic ecologic urban and rural settings in the region 2. Cyclic ecologic urban and rural development/establishment contents and execution programs 3. Performance assessment for achievement of resource recycling and zero emission in the region by years 4. Financial plans 5. Establishment schedule 1.Status of property Conditions of transportation and industry Infrastructure 20 4.Cultural and natural environment Employment conditions Practical environment Production and sale environment R&D environment Living environment Administrational cooperation

37 V Re-oganization of Local Governments Taiwan s mechanism on applications from local governments - Overview Review items and criteria The Ministry of Interior review reviews the applications submitted by local governments with conclusion is made by consensus. By document review and presentation review covering items of populations, political conditions, economy, culture, urban development and others. Review items 1. Population conditions 2. Political conditions 3. Economic conditions 4. Cultural conditions Taiwan s system to review the application from local governments Selection mechanism 5. Metropolitan development conditions 6. Other related conditions 37

38 V Central Taiwan Science Park Expansion Selection mechanism for Taiwan s Central Taiwan Science Park expansion - Overview National Science Council calls the development committee to review applications from local governments and Industrial Development Bureau. With two stages review, the 1st on the initial review to verify the development conditions for the site, and the 2nd stage on field survey, subsequently a finalization meeting is held to have assessment of appropriateness and comprehensive rating on environmental conditions, development potentials and development implementation to finalize the site to be recommended. Selection mechanism for Taiwan s Central Taiwan Science Park expansion -Selection mechanism Selection mechanism for Taiwan s Central Taiwan Science Park expansion Review items and criteria Environme ntal conditions Development potentials Developm ent execution Review items Rating 1. Local environment Natural environment Environmental limits Transportation Industrial environment R&D and manpower environment Living environment Development package Financial burdens Capability to execute Total

39 V Low-carbon City Selection Mechanism Applicants All municipal, county/city governments should submit their applications by 25 December Regions North Central South East Keelung City Taipei County Taipei City Taoyuan City Hsinchu County Hsinchu City Lienchiang County Miaoli County Taichung County Taichung City Nantou County Changhua county Yunlin County Chiayi County Chiayi City Tainan County Tainan City Kaohsiung County Kaohsiung City Pingtung County Hualien County Taitung County Yilan County Goal One low-carbon model city will be selected in each region. 39

40 V Selection Task Team Lead Agency Selection Team EPA EPA assembles the low-carbon city competition and selection team Team Members For fair, justice and objective selection, some experts and/or scholars from various fields are invited: 6~7 members from central government agencies 2~3 members from scholars and academic sectors 2~3 members from industrial sectors 2~3 members from environmental organizations 40

41 V Competition Stage 1 Competition teams are led by the Head of local government. 第一階段提案 直轄市 / 縣 ( 市 ) 政府主辦機關 提交構想規劃 q 申請機關首長信函 q 申辦計畫公文 q 低碳城市規劃構想計畫書 環保署 前置作業 書面文件送達 低碳城市評決小組 q 成立低碳城市評決小組 q 公告低碳城市競逐遴選辦法 q 辦理北中南東評決說明會 Stage 1 The applicant submits lowcarbon city proposal (the framework); Stage 1 review: Document and presentation review, 2~3 applicants to be selected for each region. 第一階段審查 第二階段提案 第二階段審查 資料補正 簡報與答詢 分區前 2~3 名 是 提交細部規劃 q 申辦計畫公文 q 低碳城市建構計畫書 資料補正 簡報與答詢現場勘查 分區第 1 名 是 作為我國低碳城市建構示範城市 否 否 資料齊全 公告第一階段審查結果 書面文件送達 資料齊全 公告第二階段審查結果 是 是 書面審查 提交審查結果 綜合評審 提交審查結果 41

42 V Competition Stage 2 Stage 2 Stage 2 proposal: those selected in Stage 1 shall submit the low-carbon city implementation plan (detailed design); Stage 2 review: document and presentation review plus on-site review; the top one of each region will be qualified for the establishment, and second one as the waiting list to fill in after rating. 42

43 V Low-carbon City Rating System Stage 1 Stage 1 review Review aspects Vision & targets (15%) Low-carbon strategies (35%) Financial (20%) Promotion (15%) General assessment (15%) Overall benefits Organizational structure Participants Funding distribution Funding source Main axis and ideas of promotion Promotion experience Overall reduction goal Vision description Current status Review items 43

44 V Low-carbon City Rating System Stage 2 Stage 2 selection Review aspects Review items Low-carbon city roadmap and reduction goals Low-carbon city roadmapping (15%) Reduction goals by years Low-carbon measures Description and analysis of measures (35%) Methods of execution Environmental impact analysis Financial plans (20%) Budgeting and use of funding Subsidizing and awarding Execution organization (15%) Participation modes and methods Operations of the organization Performance assessment Benefits from reduction (15%) Self-management Reduction costs Other benefits 44

45 V Key Factors to Success Government s support Quality potential cities Fair and objective screening criteria A city willing and with potential Appropriate and complete low-carbon promotion on scope Government s A sound policy and government supports organizationn 4 A sound subsidizing, rewarding and package Elements of a successful lowcarbon city Complete promotion mechanism 8 Cooperation with industrial and private sectors Private participation 45

46 VI. Conclusions 46

47 VI Conclusions Three key elements for low-carbon homeland development: PPP- Government s policy, action programs and the involvement of the private sector; Supports of new concepts, technologies and facilities; Economic incentives. We believe that the promotion of energy saving and CO 2 reduction in Taiwan which initiated from developing relevant legal institution in the Central Government and followed by concrete action programs adopted by the local communities, villages, towns and cities, with involvement of financial system and industry for funding, will beneficial to the establishment of low-carbon society in Taiwan. 47

48 Low Carbon Taiwan -- Appreciate your support 48