Main objective to highlight advantages and encourage consideration of natural refrigerants as replacements for R-22 Further objectives

Transcription

1 GTZ Proklima: Publication on options and implications of replacing HCFCs with natural refrigerants Page 1

2 OBJECTIVES Main objective to highlight advantages and encourage consideration of natural refrigerants as replacements for R-22 Further objectives To present legislative implications of accelerated HCFC phase-out, and related issues Address possible natural alternatives Introduce and means of overcoming main hurdles, e.g., safety Provide technical assessments of options Give examples and case studies of use of natural refrigerants in systems previously using R-22 Page 2

3 POLICY RATIONALE for the use of Natural Refrigerants in A5 Countries Economic motivation Concentrate resources for system changes for long term Secure jobs and save salaries long term Minimise foreign currency expenditures on chemical imports Strengthen national capacity to produce/maintain equipment and installations Eliminate supply dependencies associated with these imports Environmental motivation Improve carbon footprint, environmental image of sectors concerned Concentrate R&D on energy efficiency potential utilising NR Reduce energy consumption and emissions from refrigerant production Page 3

4 PREPARATION Project initiated in November 2007 Prepared and edited by GTZ Proklima Provisional version available April, to be complete by May Articles covered topics relevant to replacement of R-22 with natural refrigerants Massive, extensive subject, so impractical to cover all aspects Selection deemed to address a range of important aspects 30+ articles, of various length, complexity and depth 30-ish contributors From Government, academia and industry Content and opinion is that of authors Only editorial and consistency reviewing from Proklima Page 4

5 SECTIONS Publication divided into four corresponding sections: PART I: Policy/legislation on f-gases and alternatives PART II: Safety of natural refrigerants PART III: Assessment of natural refrigerants in different applications PART IV: Market developments and case studies Page 5

6 PART I: Policy/legislation on f-gases and alternatives The Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol Two environmental frameworks one goal Success and future challenges of the Montreal Protocol Aspects involved in the replacement of fluorocarbon to low GWP refrigerants Modernising refrigeration equipment with the Kyoto Protocol s Clean Development Mechanism Protecting the ozone layer and the climate from halogenated substances Measures in the European Union Page 6

7 PART II: Safety of natural refrigerants Safety rules for the application of hydrocarbon refrigerants Ammonia and its reputation as refrigerant Safety aspects of CO2 Safety of appliances using hydrocarbon refrigerants Safe plantrooms for large hydrocarbon chillers Page 7

8 PART III: Assessment of natural refrigerants in different applications Opportunities for the application of natural refrigerants Application of ammonia heat pump systems for heating and cooling of non-residential buildings CO2 heat pumps Background, status and outlook Trends and perspectives in supermarket refrigeration An assessment of retrofitting supermarkets with indirect systems Use of hydrocarbons as working fluids in heat pumps and refrigeration equipment HC refrigerant as alternative refrigerant in AC Experimental assessment of HC-290 as a substitute to HCFC-22 in a window air conditioner Page 8

9 PART IV: Market developments and case studies First half focuses on components Quality of natural refrigerants Capacity control of refrigeration systems with screw compressors and economizers Propane as an alternative to R22 for small refrigeration systems at high ambient temperatures CO2 evaporators Page 9

10 PART IV: Market developments and case studies Second half focuses on systems and applications Environmentally friendly refrigeration in the retail trade Refrigeration systems for warm climates using only CO2 as a working fluid The first CO2 supermarket plant in New Zealand Natural refrigerants in dairy processing, supermarket refrigeration and air conditioning Water chillers with ammonia for building services Green ice cream cabinets - Unilever s move from HCFCs to HCs Case studies on HC conversion in large chillers Developing a product range for climate and ozone friendly technologies Page 10

11 ADDITIONAL Also includes Summarising comments Contributors' list Organisations able to provide further information Glossary of terms Page 11

12 Official Book Launch Final version will be launched in July 2008 at the Open Ended Working Group Meeting in Bangkok, Thailand Page 12

13 Contact Information Linda Ederberg (Co-Editor) Phone Page 13