CRITICAL OCCUPATIONS LIST

Transcription

1 CRITICAL OCCUPATIONS LIST 2017/2018 OCCUPATION REPORT UPDATED AND PUBLISHED ON 14 th APRIL 2018 BY CSC Critical Skills Monitoring Committee 1

2 Table of Contents OCCUPATIONS ON THE 2017/2018 CRITICAL OCCUPATIONS LIST... 3 DOVETAILING REPORTS OF OCCUPATIONS ON THE 2017/2018 CRITICAL OCCUPATIONS LIST DOVETAILING REPORTS OF OCCUPATIONS EXCLUDED FROM THE 2017/2018 CRITICAL OCCUPATIONS LIST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

3 OCCUPATIONS ON THE 2017/2018 CRITICAL OCCUPATIONS LIST The Critical Occupations List (COL) shows occupations that are skilled, sought-after, and strategic across 18 sectors in Malaysia.. Critical Occupation (MASCO Code) Table 10: Critical Occupations List Full List (58 Occupations) Additional Information The following job titles within this occupation are included: Managing Director and Chief Executive (1121) Finance Manager (1211) Policy and Planning Manager (1213) Chief Executive Officer; Chief Operating Officer; Executive Director; Company Director; Deputy Executive Director Managing Director; Radio & Television Manager (Programme); Director-General of Organization; Manager; General Manager; Operations Manager; Director; Administrator; President; Chief Technical Officer; Technical Manager; Head of Operation The following job titles within this occupation are included: Finance Manager; Account Manager; Budget Manager; Audit Manager; Credit Manager; Chief Financial Officer; Insurance Manager; Transaction Monitoring Manager; Claim Manager; Finance Director; Risk Manager; Head of Procurement; Risk Modelling Manager; Actuarial Valuation Manager The following job titles within this occupation are included: Policy and Planning Manager; Strategic Planning Manager; Corporate Planning Manager; Project Planning Manager; Project Leader 4 Business Service Manager (1214) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Production Manager; Production and Business Operation Manager; Business Services Development Manager; Production Planner; Business Development Manager 5 Business Services and Administration Manager t Elsewhere Classified (1219) ALL job titles within this occupation are included, for example: Corporate Services Manager; Facilities Manager; Purchasing Manager; Quality Assurance Manager; Quality Control Manager 3

4 . Critical Occupation (MASCO Code) Table 10: Critical Occupations List Full List (58 Occupations) Additional Information ALL job titles within this occupation are included, for example: 6 Sales and Marketing Manager (1221) Sales Manager; Sales and Marketing Manager; Marketing Manager; Market Research Manager; Product Manager; Brand Manager; Outlet Manager; Sales Director 7 Research and Development Manager (1223) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Research and Development Manager; Product Development Manager 8 Manufacturing Manager (1321) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Manufacturing Manager; Production and Operation Manager, Manufacturing; Factory Manager; Production Manager-Food Processing; Welding Manager 9 Construction Manager (1323) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Construction Manager; Project Manager; Site Manager; Land Surveyor Manager; Electrical Manager; Energy Manager 10 Supply, Distribution and Related Manager (1324) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Transport Manager; Supply Manager; Distribution Manager; Logistics Manager 11 Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Manager (1511) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Information Systems Manager; Information Technology Manager; Computer Services Manager; ICT Development Manager; Information Technology Project Manager; Information Technology Sales Manager; Information Technology Business Development Manager The following job titles within this occupation are included: 12 Chemist (2113) Chemist; Chemist (Research and Development); Chemist (Quality Control) 4

5 . Critical Occupation (MASCO Code) Table 10: Critical Occupations List Full List (58 Occupations) Additional Information The following job titles within this occupation are included: 13 Geologist and Geophysicist (2114) Geophysicist; Geologist; Geological Engineer; Geoscientist Mathematician, Actuary and Statistician (2121) Industrial and Production Engineer (2141) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Mathematician (Actuarial Science); Statistician (Economics); Statistician (Market Research); Data Scientist; Data Analyst; Data Mining Analyst; Big Data and Analytic; Appointed Actuary; Pricing Actuary; Valuation Actuary; Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Geomatician; Metrologist The following job titles within this occupation are included: Automation Engineer; Robotics Engineer; Industrial Engineer; Production Engineer; Systems Design Engineer; Systems Engineer (Except Computers); Cost Evaluation Engineer; Packaging Technologist; Ceramics Technologist; Material Specialist Packaging Engineer and Weaving Technologist The following job titles within this occupation are included: 16 Civil Engineer (2142) Civil Engineering Technologist; Civil Engineer; Site Engineer; Construction Civil Engineer; Structural Engineer; Railway Construction Civil Engineer (including Mechanical Engineer (2144) Chemical Engineer (2145) High Speed Rail specialised engineers); Civil Engineer (Hydrology); Maintenance Engineer; Geotechnical Engineer The following job titles within this occupation are included: Mechanical Engineer; Machinery and Tools Industrial Engineer; Locomotive Engine Engineer; Steam Engineer; Equipment Engineer; Mechanical Maintenance Engineer; Fabrication Engineer; R&D Engineers; CNC Machining Engineer The following job titles within this occupation are included: Chemical Engineer; Food and Drinks Technologist 5

6 . 19 Critical Occupation (MASCO Code) Mining Engineer, Metallurgists and Related Professional (2146) Table 10: Critical Occupations List Full List (58 Occupations) Additional Information The following job titles within this occupation are included: Mining Engineer; Reservoir Engineer; Material (and n-destructive Testing) Engineer; Water Management Engineer; Product Design R&D Engineer Engineering Professionals (Excluding Electrotechnology) t Elsewhere Classified (2149) Electrical Engineer (2151) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Quantity Surveyor; Project Engineer; Process Engineer; Quality Assurance Engineer; Quality Control Engineer; Research Engineer; Materials Engineer; Safety Engineer; Industrial Health and Safety Engineer; Quality Engineer; Procurement Engineer; Survey Engineer The following job titles within this occupation are included: Electrical Engineer; Electrical Testing Engineer; Embedded System/ Firmware Engineer; Test/Measurement Engineer (Electric); R&D Electrical Engineer (includes Product Design) Electronic Engineer (2152) Telecommunications Engineer (2153) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Electronics Engineer; Computer Engineer, Software; Computer Engineer, Hardware; Systems Engineer; Information Technology Engineer; Automation Design Engineer; Analog Integrated Circuit (IC) Designer; Digital Integrated Circuit (IC) Designer; CAD/CAM Engineer; Test/Measurement Engineer (Electronic); Assistant Mechatronic Engineer The following job titles within this occupation are included: Network and System Engineer; Telecommunication Engineer; Telecommunication Engineer (Radar) The following job titles within this occupation are included: 24 Ships Engineer (2171) Ship Engineer; Marine Engineer, Aircraft Engineer; Aircraft Design Engineer 6

7 . Critical Occupation (MASCO Code) Table 10: Critical Occupations List Full List (58 Occupations) Additional Information The following job title within this occupation is included: 25 Aircraft Pilot and Related Professional (2173) Pilot Manufacturing Professional (2182) Specialist Medical Practitioner (2212) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Manufacturing Executive; Quality Assurance Executive; Quality Control Executive; Production Executive; Warehouse Executive; Maintenance Executive; Product Quality Controller; Supply Chain/ Procurement Specialist; Manufacturing Engineer; Technical Executive The following job titles within this occupation are included: Psychiatrist; Paediatrician; Dermatologist; Orthopaedic Surgeon; Ophthalmologist; Interventional Radiologist; Vascular Surgeon; Haematology Paediatrician; Urologist; Gastroenterology Paediatrician 28 Environmental and Occupational Health and Hygiene Professional (2263) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Hazardous Waste Management Technologist; Occupational Health and Safety Officer; Safety and Health Officer; Industrial Safety Officer - Occupational Safety and Health; Occupational Safety Officer; Radiation Protection Expert; Waste Management Competence Person; Building Auditor 29 University and Higher Education Professional Teacher (2311) The following job titles within this occupation are included: University Lecturer; College Lecturer The following job titles within this occupation are included: 30 Accountant (2411) Auditing Accountant; Accountant; Tax Accountant; Tax Consultant; Management Accountant; Company Accountant; Account Executive; Financial Controller; Account Receivable Executive; Assistant Account Executive Officer; Auditor; Payroll Analyst; Adjuster 7

8 . Critical Occupation (MASCO Code) Table 10: Critical Occupations List Full List (58 Occupations) Additional Information The following job titles within this occupation are included: 31 Financial Analyst (2413) Financial Analyst; Investment Consultant; Research Analyst; Financial Officer; Risk Management Officer; Transfer Pricing; Credit Risk Management 32 Research and Development Professional (2426) The following job title within this occupation are included: Research and Development Executive 33 Public Relations Professional (2432) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Industrial Relations Executive; Public Relations Executive; Corporate Communication Executive; Customer Service Officer; Sales Reservation Executive; Front Office Officer. 34 Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Sales Professional (2434) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Sales Representative, Information and Communications Technology; Product Support Engineer; Information Technology Sales Engineer; Customer Support Representative 35 Systems Analyst (2511) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Computer Systems Analyst; IT Systems Consultant; Information Technology Consultant; Information Technology Business Analyst; Information Technology Security Analyst; Information Technology Specialist (.Net); System Engineer (Oracle); Security Analyst (IT); Computer and System Administrator; Tera Data Software Developer (2512) Applications Programmer (2514) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Software Developer;.Net Developer; Software Engineer (.Net); C/C++ Software Engineer; Java Developer; Web Programmer (PHP); Software Engineer (SharePoint) (IT); Software Design Engineers; SAP Application Developer; Data Visualization Developer The following job titles within this occupation are included: Computer Programmer; Software Programmer; Technical Programmer; Information Technology Programmer; Systems Programmer; Analyst Programmer; Applications Programmer; C/C++ Programmer; Java Programmer 8

9 . 38 Critical Occupation (MASCO Code) Software and Applications Developer t Elsewhere Classified (2519) Table 10: Critical Occupations List Full List (58 Occupations) Additional Information The following job titles within this occupation are included: Software Tester; Quality Engineer (IT); Solution Architect (IT); Software QA Engineer (IT) 39 Databases and Administrator (2521) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Database Architect; Database Administrator; Internal Auditor (IT) 40 Systems Administrator (2522) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Information Technology Support Officer; Systems Administrator; Information Technology Executive; System Engineer (IT); System Support Specialist; Customer Support Engineer; Technical Support Engineer (IT) The following job title within this occupation are included: 41 Computer Network Professional (2523) Network Engineer 42 Electrical Engineering Technician (3113) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Electrical Engineering Technician; Electrical Supervisor; Electrical Technician 43 Electronics Engineering Technician (3114) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Electronics Engineering Technician; Test Technician; CAD/CAM Technician 44 Mechanical Engineering Technician (3115) ALL job titles within this occupation are included, for example: Technician (Mechanical) Grade J17; Mechanical Engineering Technician; Mechanical Engineering Technician; Industrial Machinery and Tools; Mechanical Engineering Technician; Motors and Engines; Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning System Engineering Technician; Machinery Technician; CNC Technician; Mechanical Technician; CNC Supervisor 9

10 Critical Occupation (MASCO Code) Physical and Engineering Science Technician t Elsewhere Classified (3119) Manufacturing Supervisor (3122) Table 10: Critical Occupations List Full List (58 Occupations) Additional Information The following job titles within this occupation are included: Quantity Surveying Technician; Production Engineering Technician; Process Technician; Maintenance Technician Quality Control Technician; Industrial Technician; Industrial Maintenance Technician; Production Technician; Moulding Technician; Equipment Technician; Quality Assurance Engineering Technician The following job titles within this occupation are included: Manufacturing Supervisor; Production Supervisor; Compounding Supervisor; Plywood Inspection Supervisor; Manufacturing Area Co-ordinator; Quality Control Inspector 47 Construction Supervisor (3123) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Operation Supervisor; Project Supervisor; Construction Supervisor; Site Supervisor; Site Coordinator 48 Aircraft Technician (3151) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Aircraft Technician; Aviation Maintenance Technician; Aircraft Maintenance Technician (Airframes); Aircraft Maintenance Technician (Engines) 49 Environmental and Occupational Health Inspector and Associate (3257) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Safety and Health Technician; Safety and Health Inspector; Field Supervisor (Occupational Safety and Health); Food Inspector 50 Insurance Underwriter* (3321) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Insurance Underwriter; Insurance Consultant 51 Commercial Sales Agent (3322) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Technical Sales Agent; Technical Adviser; Sales Engineer; Technical Sales Engineer; Social Media Marketing Executive; Digital Marketing Executive 10

11 . Critical Occupation (MASCO Code) Table 10: Critical Occupations List Full List (58 Occupations) Additional Information The following job titles within this occupation are included: 52 Buyer (3323) Purchasing Executive; Buyer; Buyer (Production Purchasing); Procurement Executive 53 Computer Network and Systems Technician (3513) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Network Support Technician; System Security & Application ICT Technician 54 CNC Machinist ** (7233) The following job title within this occupation is included: CNC Machinist 55 Electrical Mechanic and Fitter (7412) The following job titles within this occupation are included: High Voltage Restriction Chargeman; Wireman; Electrical Generator Operator; Lift Mechanic; Chargeman 56 Rubber Products Machine Operator (8141) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Maker, (Tyre); Machine Operator (Rubber Products); Mill (Rubber) 57 Stationary Plant and Machine Operator t Elsewhere Classified (8189) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Machine Operator; Production Operator 58 Heavy Truck and Lorry Driver (8332) The following job titles within this occupation are included: Lorry Driver; Truck Driver; Tanker Driver; Driver Operator (Mobile Harbour Crane H11) *Based on MASCO Code , under MASCO Code 3321 (Insurance Agents) **Based on MASCO Code , under MASCO Code 7233 (Agricultural and Industrial Machinery Mechanics and Repairers) te: The Critical Occupations List (COL) is constructed based on the Malaysia Standard Classification of Occupations (MASCO) 2013 Source: Authors. 11

12 DOVETAILING REPORTS OF OCCUPATIONS ON THE 2017/2018 CRITICAL OCCUPATIONS LIST Occupation: Managing Director and Chief Executive MASCO 2013 (4-Digit Code): 1121 MASCO 2013 (6-Digit Code): ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Only the following job titles within this occupation are included in the Critical Occupations List (COL): Chief Executive Officer; Chief Operating Officer; Executive Director; Company Director; Deputy Executive Director; Managing Director; Radio & Television Manager (Programme); Director-General of Organization; Manager; General Manager; Operations Manager; Director; Administrator; President; Chief Technical Officer; Technical Manager; Head of Operation This occupation appears on COL: Yes Evidence: Top-down indicators Passes 4 out of 11 indicators Bottom-up CfE survey 102 nominations Consultation 1 consultation Talent/Skills studies Logistics Environmental Scan Medical Devices Environmental Scan Top-down data: 1. Employment growth - 1 year Yes 7. Wage premium growth - 1 year 2. Employment growth - 3 years Yes 8. Number of vacancies Yes 3. Working hours growth - 1 year 9. Vacancy rate Yes 4. Working hours growth - 3 years 5. Education level decrease - 1 year 6. Education level decrease - 3 years 10. Share of vacancies posted for more than 6 weeks 11. Number of potential job applications by jobseekers 12

13 Bottom-up evidence: This occupation is included in the COL. i. We received 102 nominations from 85 companies in 18 different sectors, with the top three sectors being: manufacturing, other services, and transport and storage. This suggests that this occupation is critical across various industries. minated jobs include operation managers, general managers and managing directors. ii. iii. iv. Respondents reported that jobs within this occupation group require extensive work experience, with more than 70% of companies reporting the need for managing directors with more than 4 years of work experience. Reasons behind the occupation being hard-to-fill include a general lack of applicants, as well as applicants lacking relevant job experience, academic credentials, and/or relevant certifications. Companies are struggling to find applicants with necessary experience to fill these top leadership roles. Furthermore, most companies found this occupation to be harder to fill compared to one year ago. There is some evidence of education and certification-related barriers to filling these roles. A bachelor s degree is required for all vacancies listed by respondents in our Call-for-Evidence survey. In addition, some companies reported requiring professional certification or credentials such as a professional accounting certification. Respondents reported looking for high level competencies in leadership, communication, decisionmaking, people management, business acumen, technical knowledge, and emotional intelligence. Companies are finding it challenging to hire people to fill this occupation because it requires a suitable combination of skills, knowledge, and experience. v. This occupation is strategic by nature. Decisions made by top leaders can impact the direction of the entire company. Moreover, many companies reported difficulty in setting a strategic direction for their company, and increasing workload for current employees, as a result of not filling this position. vi. vii. viii. There is evidence that companies are proactively addressing this shortage. Companies reported raising wages, expanding local recruitment efforts, and increasing workers training. In addition to the vacancies, the top-down employment indicators have also shown high growth rates over the past three years. The Companies Commission of Malaysia has reported the formation of new companies (both foreign and local), which is one of the factors driving demand for this occupation. 3 companies have nominated this occupation in the Medical Devices Environmental Scan, while Logistics Environmental Scan reflected nominations from 152 companies. 13

14 Occupation: Finance Manager MASCO 2013 (4-Digit Code): 1211 MASCO 2013 (6-Digit Code): ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Finance Manager; Account Manager; Budget Manager; Audit Manager; Credit Manager; Chief Financial Officer; Only the following job titles within this Insurance Manager; Transaction Monitoring Manager; occupation are included in the Critical Claim Manager; Finance Director; Risk Manager; Head of Occupations List (COL): Procurement; Risk Modelling Manager; Actuarial Valuation Manager This occupation appears on COL: 2015 Yes 2016 Yes Evidence: Top-down indicators Passes 3 out of 11 indicators Bottom-up CfE survey 77 nominations Consultation 1 consultation Talent/Skills studies Talent Gaps in the Financial Services Industry in Malaysia (2015) AIF Logistics Environmental Scan Top-down data: 1. Employment growth - 1 year 7. Wage premium growth - 1 year Yes 2. Employment growth - 3 years 8. Number of vacancies Yes 3. Working hours growth - 1 year 9. Vacancy rate Yes 4. Working hours growth - 3 years 5. Education level decrease - 1 year 6. Education level decrease - 3 years 10. Share of vacancies posted for more than 6 weeks 11. Number of potential job applications by jobseekers 14

15 Bottom-up evidence: This occupation is included in the COL. i. We received 77 nominations from 69 companies in 16 different sectors, with the top three sectors being: financial and insurance/takaful activities; manufacturing; and other service activities. This suggests that the occupation is critical across various industries. ii. iii. iv. Companies reported that jobs within this occupation group require extensive work experience, with 65% of companies reporting the need for finance managers with more than 4 years of work experience. The companies reported that job applicants lack relevant job experience and required technical skills. Additionally, companies also noted that the shortage is due to strong competition for finance managers from other industries/sectors, and a lack of talent pool for finance managers. As a whole, 33% of companies reported that this occupation is harder to fill compared to a year ago. There are some education and certification-related barriers to filling these roles. A minimum of a bachelor s degree is required for almost all vacancies listed by respondents in our Call-for-Evidence survey. Majority of the companies (81%) reported that they are looking for applicants with a background in finance, accounting and taxation, management and administration, or economics. In addition, some positions also require professional certifications or licenses. More than half of the respondents reported having to increase the workload of current workers due to the shortage in this occupation. A few have also reported facing an increase in operation costs, as well as difficulty in meeting customer service objectives. v. There is evidence that companies are proactively addressing this shortage. Consistent with the claim that this occupation requires a particular set of technical skills, most respondents do not report hiring less well qualified workers. Almost two-thirds reported expanding recruitment efforts, raising wages and increasing workers training. vi. vii. The Asian Institute of Finance (AIF) provided additional evidence, based on an earlier talent study, that finance managers are hard-to-fill in the following functional areas: a. Risk Management and Compliance b. Product Development c. Asset/wealth management The Logistics Environmental Scan noted that 47 out of 718 firms surveyed nominated finance managers to be critical. 15

16 Occupation: Policy and Planning Manager MASCO 2013 (4-Digit Code): 1213 MASCO 2013 (6-Digit Code): ; ; ; ; Only the following job titles within this occupation are included in the Critical Occupations List (COL): This occupation appears on COL: 2015 Yes 2016 Yes Policy and Planning Manager; Strategic Planning Manager; Corporate Planning Manager; Project Planning Manager; Project Leader Evidence: Top-down indicators Passes 0 out of 4 indicators Bottom-up CfE survey 11 nominations Consultation - Talent/Skills studies Logistics Environmental Scan Top-down data: 1. Employment growth - 1 year N/A 7. Wage premium growth - 1 year N/A 2. Employment growth - 3 years N/A 8. Number of vacancies 3. Working hours growth - 1 year N/A 9. Vacancy rate 4. Working hours growth - 3 years N/A 5. Education level decrease - 1 year N/A 6. Education level decrease - 3 years N/A 10. Share of vacancies posted for more than 6 weeks 11. Number of potential job applications by jobseekers 16

17 Bottom-up evidence: This occupation is included in the COL. i. We received 11 nominations from 11 companies in 9 different sectors, with the top 3 sectors being: other service activities, financial and insurance/takaful activities, and information and communication. The jobs nominated reflect the need for project planning managers, corporate planning managers and project leaders. ii. iii. iv. Respondents reported that job positions within this occupation group require extensive work experience and certifications. The lack of required relevant job experience and technical skills among applicants are the most-cited reasons behind the occupation being hard-to-fill. Despite so, respondents reported that this occupation is neither more nor less hard-to-fill compared to a year ago, with most vacancies taking only up to only 30 days to be filled. There are some education and certification-related barriers to filling these roles. A bachelor s degree is required for most vacancies listed by respondents in our Call-for-Evidence survey. At least half of the companies are looking for those who studied in management and administration. In addition, some jobs require professional certifications for project management. Examples of certifications include: a. Project Management Professional (PMP) b. Projects in Controlled Environment 2 (PRINCE2) Most companies reported a decreased ability to set strategic objectives and/or plan for the future as a result of the shortage. A few respondents also reported difficulties in meeting customer service objectives, and an increased workload for current employees. v. There is evidence that companies are proactively addressing this shortage. Consistent with the claim that this occupation requires a particular set of technical skills, most respondents do not report hiring less well qualified workers. Instead, most reported expanding local recruitment efforts and raising wages to address the shortage. vi. The Logistics Environmental Scan has noted that this occupation is critical. 17

18 Occupation: Business Services Manager MASCO 2013 (4-Digit Code): 1214 MASCO 2013 (6-Digit Code): ; ; ; ; Only the following job titles within this occupation are included in the Critical Occupations List (COL): This occupation appears on COL: 2015 Yes 2016 Yes Production Manager; Production and Business Operation Manager; Business Services Development Manager; Production Planner; Business Development Manager Evidence: Top-down indicators Passes 1 out of 11 indicators Bottom-up CfE survey 49 nominations Consultation - Talent/Skills studies Logistics Environmental Scan Top-down data: 1. Employment growth - 1 year 7. Wage premium growth - 1 year 2. Employment growth - 3 years 8. Number of vacancies Yes 3. Working hours growth - 1 year 9. Vacancy rate 4. Working hours growth - 3 years 5. Education level decrease - 1 year 6. Education level decrease - 3 years 10. Share of vacancies posted for more than 6 weeks 11. Number of potential job applications by jobseekers 18

19 Bottom-up evidence: This occupation is included in the COL. i. There is evidence of widespread demand for this occupation. There are 49 nominations from 44 companies from 12 different sectors, with the top three sectors being: manufacturing; other services; and financial and insurance/takaful activities. It suggests that demand for this occupation spreads across various industries and is not sector specific. The job titles nominated reflect the need for business development managers, production managers, and business services development managers. ii. iii. iv. Respondents reported that jobs within this occupation group require extensive work experience, technical skills and certifications. In addition to that, the lack of relevant job experience and technical skills are the most-cited reasons behind the occupation being hard-to-fill. Most respondents reported to find this occupation to be harder to fill compared to a year ago. There is evidence that companies are proactively addressing this shortage. Consistent with the claim that this occupation requires a particular set of technical skills, most respondents do not report hiring less well qualified workers. Instead, most reported expanding both local and international recruitment efforts in addition to raising wages to address the shortage. There is some evidence of education and certification-related barriers to filling these roles. A bachelor s degree is required for all vacancies listed by respondents in our Call-for-Evidence survey. More than 65% of the nominations are looking for applicants with a management or marketing degree. v. Companies reported that the difficulty in hiring for this occupation has resulted in an increased workload for workers, a decreased ability to plan for the future, and difficulty in meeting customer service objectives. vi. From the Logistics Environmental Scan, there are 48 companies that nominated this occupation as critical. 19

20 Occupation: Business Services and Administration Manager t Elsewhere Classified MASCO 2013 (4-Digit Code): 1219 MASCO 2013 (6-Digit Code): ; ; ; ; All the following job titles within this occupation are included in the Critical Occupations List (COL): This occupation appears on COL: Corporate Services Manager; Facilities Manager; Purchasing Manager; Quality Assurance Manager; Quality Control Manager Evidence: Top-down indicators Passes 2 out of 10 indicators Bottom-up CfE survey 11 nominations Consultation 1 consultation Talent/Skills studies - Top-down data: 1. Employment growth - 1 year 7. Wage premium growth - 1 year N/A 2. Employment growth - 3 years 8. Number of vacancies Yes 3. Working hours growth - 1 year 9. Vacancy rate Yes 4. Working hours growth - 3 years 5. Education level decrease - 1 year 6. Education level decrease - 3 years 10. Share of vacancies posted for more than 6 weeks 11. Number of potential job applications by jobseekers 20

21 Bottom-up evidence: This occupation is included in the COL. i. We received 11 nominations from 10 companies in 6 different sectors, with the top three sectors being: manufacturing; human health and social work activities; and transportation and storage. Companies nominated many job titles within this occupation group and these job titles are highly similar in names and nature. The job titles nominated reflect mostly the need for purchasing managers and quality assurance managers. ii. iii. iv. Companies reported that jobs within this occupation group require extensive work experience, with all companies reporting the need for candidates with more than 4 years of work experience. Companies reported that applicants lacked the technical skills required for this occupation. However, in addition to taking only up to 30 days to fill up vacancies, companies have found this occupation to be neither more nor less hard-to-fill compared to one year ago. A minimum of a diploma or bachelor s degree is required for almost all vacancies listed by respondents in our Call-for-Evidence survey. However, respondents reported that applicants do not need any particular certifications to qualify for this occupation. More than half of the respondents reported having to increase workload of current workers due to a shortage in this occupation. A few have also reported an increase in operational costs. v. There is evidence that companies are proactively addressing this shortage. Most respondents have expanded local and international recruitment efforts and increased the working hours of current workers. vi. The Malaysian Organisation of Pharmaceutical Industries (MOPI) has nominated pharmaceutical quality assurance managers as a critical occupation. They are willing to train employees and fresh graduates from any background to overcome this shortage. 21

22 Occupation: Sales and Marketing Manager MASCO 2013 (4-Digit Code): 1221 MASCO 2013 (6-Digit Code): ; ; ; ; ; ; ; All the following job titles within this occupation are included in the Critical Occupations List (COL): This occupation appears on COL: Yes Sales Manager; Sales and Marketing Manager; Marketing Manager; Market Research Manager; Product Manager; Brand Manager; Outlet Manager; Sales Director Evidence: Top-down indicators Passes 3 out of 11 indicators Bottom-up CfE survey 82 nominations Consultation - Talent/Skills studies Medical Devices Environmental Scan Logistics Environmental Scan Top-down data: 1. Employment growth - 1 year 7. Wage premium growth - 1 year Yes 2. Employment growth - 3 years 8. Number of vacancies Yes 3. Working hours growth - 1 year 9. Vacancy rate Yes 4. Working hours growth - 3 years 5. Education level decrease - 1 year 6. Education level decrease - 3 years 10. Share of vacancies posted for more than 6 weeks 11. Number of potential job applications by jobseekers 22

23 Bottom-up evidence: This occupation is included in the COL. i. We received 82 nominations from 66 companies in 16 different sectors, with the top three sectors being manufacturing; transportation and storage; and other services. Companies have nominated many job titles within this occupation group and these job titles are highly similar in names and nature. Most of the job titles nominated are sales managers, marketing managers, and product managers. ii. iii. iv. About 25% of the nominations require more than 4 years of working experience. Vacancies generally take up to 2 months to fill. About 35% of the companies also reported that this occupation is now harder to fill, compared to a year ago. Companies reported that this occupation is hard-to-fill because applicants lack the relevant job experience. Additionally, respondents also noted that applicants salary expectations are beyond companies compensation policies. Most of the nominated occupations require at least a bachelor s degree, mostly in marketing/advertising or management and administration. Generally, no additional professional certifications are needed. The Logistics Environmental Scan states that a Master s degree is minimally required for these jobs in the logistics sector. As a result of this occupation shortage, some companies reported having increased workload for existing employees, loss in revenue, and decreased ability to meet customer/product objectives. Companies have responded by raising wages, expanding recruitment efforts, and hiring less qualified applicants. v. The Logistics Environmental Scan cited this occupation as critical from 32 companies while the Medical Devices Environmental Scan cited this occupation as critical with nominations from 3 companies. 23

24 Occupation: Research and Development Manager MASCO 2013 (4-Digit Code): 1223 MASCO 2013 (6-Digit Code): ; Only the following job titles within this occupation are included in the Critical Occupations List (COL): This occupation appears on COL: 2015 Yes 2016 Yes Research and Development Manager; Product Development Manager Evidence: Top-down indicators Bottom-up CfE survey Consultation Talent/Skills studies Passes 0 out of 4 indicators 7 nominations 2 consultations Aerospace Industry Occupational Framework (2017) NAICO Talent Gaps in the Financial Services Industry in Malaysia (2015) AIF Top-down data: 1. Employment growth - 1 year N/A 7. Wage premium growth - 1 year N/A 2. Employment growth - 3 years N/A 8. Number of vacancies 3. Working hours growth - 1 year N/A 9. Vacancy rate 4. Working hours growth - 3 years N/A 5. Education level decrease - 1 year N/A 6. Education level decrease - 3 years N/A 10. Share of vacancies posted for more than 6 weeks 11. Number of potential job applications by jobseekers 24

25 Bottom-up evidence: This occupation is included in the COL. i. We received 7 nominations from 6 companies in 4 different sectors: manufacturing; financial and insurance/takaful activities; other service activities; and agriculture, forestry and fishing. The job titles nominated reflect the need for research and development managers, and product development managers. Companies only nominated these specific job titles, so other job titles that are significantly different are not included in the COL. ii. iii. iv. Companies reported that jobs within this occupation group require extensive work experience, with 90% of companies reporting the need for research and development managers with more than 4 years of work experience. The companies reported a lack of job applicants with the relevant job experience and certification. On average, this occupation takes more than 60 days to fill. A minimum of a Bachelor s degree is required for almost all vacancies listed by respondents in our Call-for-Evidence survey. Applicants with masters and PhD qualifications are preferred. Respondents also reported that applicants are required to have certain certifications to qualify for this occupation. Due to this shortage, almost all companies reported a decreased ability to introduce technological upgrades. A few companies also reported an increased workload for current workers, rising operational costs, and a decreased ability to develop new products and services. v. Consistent with the claim that this occupation requires certain certifications, most respondents do not report hiring less well qualified workers. Instead, the companies have resorted to expanding local recruitment efforts, raising wages, increasing training, and convincing senior/experienced workers to delay retirement. vi. vii. Asian Institute of Finance (AIF) commented that product development managers are sought-after in the financial services industry, specifically in capital markets, conventional banking, and Islamic banking. The National Aerospace Industry Coordinating Office (NAICO) stated that knowledge and experience in new generation aircraft is in demand, as airlines move towards more cost-effective aircraft designs. 25

26 Occupation: Manufacturing Manager MASCO 2013 (4-Digit Code): 1321 MASCO 2013 (6-Digit Code): ; ; ; ; Only the following job titles within this occupation are included in the Critical Occupations List (COL): This occupation appears on COL: Yes Manufacturing Manager; Production and Operation Manager; Factory Manager; Production Manager-Food Processing; Welding Manager Evidence: Top-down indicators Passes 1 out of 11 indicators Bottom-up CfE survey 33 nominations Consultation 2 consultations Talent/Skills studies A Study on Skill Shortages in the Textile and Apparel Industry (2014) MATAC Medical Devices Environmental Scan Top-down data: 1. Employment growth - 1 year 7. Wage premium growth - 1 year Yes 2. Employment growth - 3 years 8. Number of vacancies 3. Working hours growth - 1 year 9. Vacancy rate 4. Working hours growth - 3 years 5. Education level decrease - 1 year 6. Education level decrease - 3 years 10. Share of vacancies posted for more than 6 weeks 11. Number of potential job applications by jobseekers 26

27 Bottom-up evidence: This occupation is included in the COL. i. We received 33 nominations from 28 companies in 3 different sectors, mostly from the manufacturing sector. The job titles nominated reflect mostly the need for production managers, welding coordinators and plant managers. ii. iii. iv. Companies reported that jobs within this occupation group require extensive work experience, with 45% of companies reporting the need for plant managers with more than 4 years of work experience. Companies reported this occupation being hard-to-fill because there were insufficient applicants, applicants lacked relevant job experience, and/or they expected compensation beyond market rates. However, respondents reported that this occupation is neither less nor harder to fill compared to a year ago. Companies generally require applicants with a Bachelor s degree or Diploma qualification. The companies are looking to hire applicants with a background in management and administration, with a preference for managers who have the required professional certifications, such as: a. Certified Environmental Professionals (CePSO) b. Course for Certified Environmental Professional in Scheduled Waste Management (CEPSWAM). c. International Welding Engineer (IWE) Due to a shortage in this occupation, most companies reported increasing workload for current employees. A few respondents also reported a loss of business and increased operational costs. v. There is evidence that companies are proactively addressing this shortage. Respondents reported raising wages in addition to expanding local and international recruitment efforts. vi. vii. The Malaysia Rubber Products Manufacturers Association (MRPMA) and Malaysian Textile and Apparel Centre (MATAC) also provided additional information, indicating the need for experienced workers in this occupation. Furthermore, 10 out of the 18 surveyed companies from the Medical Devices Environmental Scan reported that manufacturing managers are critical for companies operations and business growth. 27

28 Occupation: Construction Manager MASCO 2013 (4-Digit Code): 1323 MASCO 2013 (6-Digit Code): ; ; ; ; ; Only the following job titles within this occupation are included in the Critical Occupations List (COL): This occupation appears on COL: Construction Manager; Project Manager; Site Manager; Land Surveyor Manager; Electrical Manager; Energy Manager Evidence: Top-down indicators Passes 2 out of 11 indicators Bottom-up CfE survey 32 nominations Consultation 2 consultations Talent/Skills studies - Top-down data: 1. Employment growth - 1 year 7. Wage premium growth - 1 year Yes 2. Employment growth - 3 years 8. Number of vacancies Yes 3. Working hours growth - 1 year 9. Vacancy rate 4. Working hours growth - 3 years 5. Education level decrease - 1 year 6. Education level decrease - 3 years 10. Share of vacancies posted for more than 6 weeks 11. Number of potential job applications by jobseekers 28

29 Bottom-up evidence: This occupation is included in the COL. i. We received 32 nominations from 27 companies in 9 different sectors, with the top three sectors being: construction; real estate activities; and other service activities. The job titles nominated reflect the need for construction managers, project managers, site managers, and energy managers. ii. iii. iv. Companies reported that jobs within this occupation group require extensive work experience, with 60% of companies reporting the need for construction managers with more than 4 years of work experience. Companies report that this occupation is hard-to-fill because job applicants lack the relevant job experience, certification, and/or required technical skills. Some companies also noted that applicants expected compensation is beyond the market rate. As a whole, 44% of companies reported that this occupation is harder to fill compared to a year ago. There is some evidence of education and certification-related barriers to filling these roles. A minimum of a Bachelor s degree is required for almost all vacancies listed by respondents in our Callfor-Evidence survey. Companies reported that they are looking for applicants with a background in building, civil engineering, electricity and energy, or architecture and town planning. The most commonly cited impact of shortage is an increment in existing workload for current employees. Many companies also reported other impacts on their businesses, including increased operational costs, difficulty in meeting customer service objectives, and difficulty in setting strategic objectives for the future. v. There is evidence that companies are proactively addressing this shortage. Half of the respondents reported raising wages. Other strategies include expanding local recruitment efforts, outsourcing, and increasing training for current workers. vi. vii. In spite of the slow economy in the oil and gas sector, Malaysia Petroleum Resources Corporation (MPRC) also opined that the role of project manager is hard to fill in their industry. Most of these positions are currently filled by expatriates as they have the experience level and qualifications needed which many locals may not possess. However, consultation with the Association of Malaysian Oil and Gas Consultants (MOGEC) reported that we could be seeing a declining trend on this. This is because the hiring of such professionals depends on the requirements set by clients and sometimes, local project managers fit the level of experience needed. Further input from the Energy Commission (EC) and Malaysia Association of Energy Service Companies (MAESCO) have provided evidence that there is a shortage of qualified energy managers in Malaysia. 29

30 Occupation: Supply, Distribution and Related Manager MASCO 2013 (4-Digit Code): 1324 MASCO 2013 (6-Digit Code): ; ; ; Only the following job titles within this occupation are included in the Critical Occupations List (COL): This occupation appears on COL: Yes Transport Manager; Supply Manager; Distribution Manager; Logistics Manager Evidence: Top-down indicators Passes 2 out of 10 indicators Bottom-up CfE survey 18 nominations Consultation - Talent/Skills studies Logistics Environmental Scan Top-down data: 1. Employment growth - 1 year 7. Wage premium growth - 1 year N/A 2. Employment growth - 3 years 8. Number of vacancies Yes 3. Working hours growth - 1 year 9. Vacancy rate 4. Working hours growth - 3 years 5. Education level decrease - 1 year 6. Education level decrease - 3 years Yes 10. Share of vacancies posted for more than 6 weeks 11. Number of potential job applications by jobseekers 30

31 Bottom-up evidence: This occupation is included in the COL. i. We received 18 nominations from 17 companies in 5 different sectors, with the most nominations from the manufacturing sector. The job titles nominated reflect mostly the need for supply chain managers and, logistics and warehouse managers. ii. iii. iv. Companies reported that jobs within this occupation group require extensive work experience, with 70% of companies reporting the need for supply managers with more than 4 years of work experience. This occupation is hard-to-fill as there are few applicants, and applicants lack the relevant job experience and/or required technical skills. Following this, respondents reported that this occupation is harder to fill compared to one year ago. A minimum of a bachelor s degree is required for almost all vacancies listed by respondents in our Call-for-Evidence survey. Most respondents reported that applicants do not need any particular certifications to qualify for this occupation. Almost all companies reported that the workload for current employees and operational costs have increased due to this shortage. A few companies also reported a loss of revenue, and difficulty in setting strategic objectives and planning for the future. v. Consistent with the claim that this occupation requires a particular set of technical skills, most respondents have not reported hiring less well qualified workers. Instead, companies have resorted to increasing wages and workers training, in addition to expanding local recruitment efforts. vi. From the Logistics Environmental Scan, 33 companies reported that this occupation is critical. 31

32 Occupation: Information and Communications Technology Manager MASCO 2013 (4-Digit Code): 1511 MASCO 2013 (6-Digit Code): ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Only the following job titles within this occupation are included in the Critical Occupations List (COL): Information Systems Manager; Information Technology Manager; Computer Services Manager; ICT Development Manager; Computer Security Manager; Information Technology Project Manager; Information Technology Sales Manager; Information Technology Business Development Manager This occupation appears on COL: 2015 Yes 2016 Yes Evidence: Top-down indicators Passes 2 out of 11 indicators Bottom-up CfE survey 25 nominations Consultation 2 consultations Talent/Skills studies - Top-down data: 1. Employment growth - 1 year 7. Wage premium growth - 1 year 2. Employment growth - 3 years 8. Number of vacancies Yes 3. Working hours growth - 1 year Yes 9. Vacancy rate 4. Working hours growth - 3 years 5. Education level decrease - 1 year 6. Education level decrease - 3 years 10. Share of vacancies posted for more than 6 weeks 11. Number of potential job applications by jobseekers 32