PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING (PAP) PROCESS FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT A TRAINING MANUAL

Transcription

1 Page 1 of 5 PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING (PAP) PROCESS FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT A TRAINING MANUAL Farmer-centred Agricultural Resource Management (FARM) Programme TABLE OF CONTENTS The PAP manual is divided into five chapters and five annexes in order to facilitate reference and meet the needs of all using this manual. Foreword v CHAPTER 1: THE FARM PROGRAMME AND THE PAP The farmer-centred approach About the FARM Programme The paradigm shift Grounding the Programme: the field sites as the "doing and learning" nodes Transformation of institutional arrangements: Site Working Groups The PAP approach: bringing farmers to the centre of decision making The development of the PAP training manual About the Manual Unleashing the development process The conceptual framework Introduction Key development issues of the FARM Programme The key stakeholders in the FARM Programme Institutional arrangements Field sites as the "doing and learning" nodes The five steps of the PAP process The community development plan Key considerations for a successful plan 10

2 Page 2 of The institutional arrangements 11 CHAPTER 2: THE PAP PROCESS The process guide to the PAP Background The induction to the training Participatory social appraisal Participatory rural appraisal Participatory community planning Sustainability considerations and indicators Participatory monitoring and evaluation Follow-up work and role assignments Why is this PAP process necessary? The PAP as a development tool Improving capacity of rural agricultural community Principles and techniques in community planning Developing the training schedule Important reminder Assumption Training approach The duration of the training exercise Adapting training to local conditions Making the necessary arrangements Proposed PAP Training Schedule - Day 1 to Day 7 21 CHAPTER 3: SELECTED TOOLS FOR THE PAP Background The induction to the training Expectation setting Team building game The community envisioning exercise Participatory social appraisal tools The stakeholder analysis using Venn Diagram Gender role analysis: socioeconomic and gender analysis Community needs assessment The participatory rural appraisal tools The transect walk Resource and social mapping Cropping patterns Timeline Seasonal calendar Participatory community planning tools 31

3 Page 3 of Participatory monitoring and evaluation tools Monitoring Evaluation Key elements of the monitoring and evaluation system 33 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDED EXERCISES FOR THE PAP 35 Exercise 1: Expectation setting 36 Exercise 2: The straw game: big, beautiful, strong house 37 Exercise 3: Community envisioning 38 Exercise 4: Stakeholder analysis using Venn Diagrams 40 Exercise 5: Gender analysis 41 Exercise 6: Participatory community needs assessment 46 Exercise 7: Timeline 47 Exercise 8: Transect walk 48 Exercise 9: Resource and social mapping 50 Exercise 10: Cropping pattern 52 Exercise 11: Seasonal calendar 53 Exercise 12: Community planning tool 55 Exercise 11: Participatory monitoring and evaluation 57 CHAPTER 5: TIPS FOR ORGANISING THE PAP Trainer's checklist for organising the PAP Trainer's checklist for training in the field The host community Accommodation, food and beverages, transportation Materials Other preparations Basic questions for planning of training Advice on training Role play Framework for a community plan The Vision The Action Plan Implementation Strategy Monitoring and Evaluation Plan Roles and Responsibilities 62 ANNEXES ANNEX 1: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF PEOPLE'S PARTICIPATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ANNEX 2: ROLE PLAY 68 64

4 Page 4 of 5 ANNEX 3: RELEVANT INFORMATION AND READING MATERIALS 72 ANNEX 4: THE SEAGA PROGRAMME 79 ANNEX 5: REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING 81 FOREWORD "The whole crux of the FARM Programme lies in the application of its participatory approaches. FARM wants the farmer and the rural community to lead in the design of new strategies in natural resource management. Participatory Assessment and Planning (PAP) is the method chosen to achieve this. Farmers from all villages irrespective of country, ethnic group, gender etc. stated that this was the most valuable skill imparted to them by the FARM programme." FARM Programme Evaluation Mission Report, Dec Participatory Assessment and Planning (PAP) is the key approach which the Farmer-centred Agricultural Resource Management (FARM) Programme has adopted to ground its activities in all eight participating countries. The PAP approach is a social intervention tool that can be used in many development situations. Although this training manual is written in the context of the FARM Programme, it can be easily adapted to the needs of development workers and rural development initiatives. The development of the PAP process has spanned four years of the Programme's life. A holistic participatory, systems approach has been one of the FARM's basic principles since its beginning. Pioneering work on the PAP concept was undertaken by the then FARM Sub-programme, People-centred Sustainable Development (PCSD) and its partner, the Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development. Contributions came from other Sub-programmes. The aim was then, as it is now, to bring farm families to the centre of the decision-making process. Following the restructuring of FARM in April 1996, the PAP concept became the key tool for strengthening Programme implementation. A regional training of trainers was held in May 1997 in Bangkok. This was part of the process of the Programme to build human resource capacity and strengthen the institutionalisation of the FARM approach at national level. Fourteen trainers participated. The need for a supporting manual was recognised and this present document began to take shape. The National trainers met again in October 1997 in Bogor, Indonesia. They reported on their experiences in conducting PAP trainings in their respective home field sites. In Bogor they helped to develop the manual content based on that experience and a first draft was prepared. To strengthen the gender component in the manual, a two week regional training on socio- economic and gender analysis (SEAGA) was held in Bangkok. Most of the PAP national trainers were brought back to this training. This training assisted the national trainers not only to appreciate the importance of gender analysis but also its use as a planning tool in the PAP. Many people have contributed their knowledge and experience to the development of the PAP manual in its present form. From the FARM team Bishan Singh, Marco Miagostovich, Regine Mandy and Jaap van de Pol have participated in PAP trainings and exercises in various FARM member countries and field sites. Anita Frio was FARM's training consultant in Bangkok and Bogor and prepared the first draft of this manual along with Bishan Singh. National trainers and site working group members have tested versions of the manual in their sites and have given advice on needed improvements. The final version was field tested at the national PAP training in Chennai, India, in August Hundreds of farmers and community members have given their time and knowledge through participation in PAP exercises to develop this document. Without their support and contributions the PAP manual would not have been possible. We thank them all. Special thanks are due to Bishan Singh and Regine Mandy who were responsible for the compilation and editing of this final version. J.M. Stainburn

5 Page 5 of 5 FARM Programme Coordinator/ Senior Farming Systems Adviser September 1998