Integrated Transport Network and Development of Transport Corridors to Emerging Markets

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1 Integrated Transport Network and Development of Transport Corridors to Emerging Markets Dongwoo Ha Chief, Transport Infrastructure Section Transport and Tourism Division UNESCAP

2 The ESCAP region in the world economy 4 billion people (62% of world population) 30% of world exports 26% of world GDP Engine of the world economy Key nodes in the International Production Networks Unbalanced development

3 Socio-economic background Political background of the 1980s and 1990s peace in South-East Asia breakdown of Soviet Union with emergence of new independent countries (Central Asia) market economy principles adopted by China Economic consequences unprecedented growth in trade to and from ESCAP region increased mobility of people (business and tourism) Impact for transport increased demand on region s transport infrastructure need to improve and expand existing infrastructure saturation of infrastructure Political / economic barriers have come down Regional economies become interdependent Upgrade efficiency of linkages between countries

4 ALTID project Development of Asian Highway Network Development of Trans-Asian Railway Network Asia Land Transport Infrastructure Development (ALTID) 48 th session of the UNESCAP Commission, 1992 Transport facilitation

5 Central Asia 1995 Central Asia 1995 Formulation The Asian of Highway the Asian Network Highway 141,000 km, 32 countries North-East Asia 2002 North-East Asia 2002 Intergovernmental Agreement on the Asian Highway Network Entered into force on 4 July Signatories 22 Parties Harmonized development of road infrastructure of international importance South East and South Asia 1993 South East and South Asia 1993

6 AH Network DevelopmenD evelopment Promotion of investments (initial package of US$ 18 billion) A network of 141,000 km of roads and highways AH Database 2004 & % % 10 % Primary Class I Class II Class III Below

7 Trans-Asian Trans-Asian Railway the Railway corridor Network studies 81,000 km, 28 countries RUSSIAN FEDERATION Korea, Russian Federation Intergovernmental Agreement on the Trans-Asian Railway Network KAZAKHSTAN Signing ceremony during the Ministerial MONGOLIA GEORGIA UZBEKISTAN Conference on KYRGYZSTAN Transport (6-11 November AZERBAIJAN DEMOCRATIC ARMENIA TURKMENISTAN PEOPLE S REPUBLIC TURKEY TAJIKISTAN OF KOREA ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN AFGHANISTAN 22 countries signed PAKISTAN NEPAL BHUTAN 6 countries ratified/approved/accepted or TAR North-South Corridor 1999 BANGLADESH VIET NAM MYANMAR INDIA LAO PDR Article 5 (1) : The Agreement shall enter THAILAND PHILIPPINES CAMBODIA into force on the 90th day following the Armenia, Azerbaijan, Finland, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan 2006, Busan) acceded SRI LANKA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM MALDIVES MALAYSIA 8 States TAR Southern have Corridor consented to be bound by MALAYSIA Bangladesh, India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey CHINA TAR Northern Corridor 1996 China, Democratic People s Republic of Korea, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Republic of SINGAPORE INDONESIA INDONESIA REPUBLIC OF KOREA TIMOR LESTE JAPAN TAR in Indochina and ASEAN Cambodia, China (Yunnan province), Indonesia, Lao PDR,, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam date on which the Governments of at least the Agreement PAPUA NEW GUINEA

8 TAR Network DevelopmenD evelopment Investment requires to close TAR missing links US$ 15 billion) Total TAR Network : 81,000 km Missing links: 6,500 km South Asia Central Asia and Caucasus North and North-East Asia South-East Asia ,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 km

9 Intermodal Integration Integrating AH (road) and TAR (rail) Connection with sea ports and maritime transport network

10 Global Container Volume % 200 9% 150 Million TEU

11 ESCAP region s share Container Export and Import Non-ESCAP 2005: m TEU 5.0% p.a. 2015: m TEU 2015 Non-ESCAP 38% 2005 Non-ESCAP 48% 2005 ESCAP 52% 2015 ESCAP 62% ESCAP 2005: m TEU 9.5% p.a. 2015: m TEU

12 By Subregion Container Export and Import 300 M Other Asia ANZ Pacific South Asia South-East Asia East Asia North Asia

13 12 Landlocked Countries Container Export and Import Thousand TEU 1,800 1,600 1,400 1, % p.a. 1,000 1,

14 ESCAP Ports handling more than 1 million TEU

15 Intermodal Interfaces (Dry Port/ICD) An inland port having functions similar to a seaport

16 Transformation of role of ports Port Functions Ports as links in supply chain S U P P L Y P R O D U C T I O N T R A N S P O R T VAL Inventory Inspection Assembly Storage Storage Labeling Handling Handling Packing Order Picking Bar coding Return Customizing D E L I V E R Y D I S T R I B U T I O N Value Added Supply Chain Services

17 Functions of dry ports

18 New opportunity for inland areas Spread of global supply chain management Any place, which fits enterprise s needs, can be an important node in global supply chain America

19 Intermodal Nodes as Growth Hubs Intermodal nodes developed at inland locations as growth centres Catalyst in regional development, spreading out globalization deep into inlands Create economic stimulus by attracting manufacturing, agricultural processing and associated services Important role of dry ports and their potential to become centres for development Ministerial Conference on Transport (Busan, 2006)

20 Transport corridor development Infrastructure alone will not ensure the smooth movement of goods and people along transport routes Corridor a comprehensive concept Physical infrastructure issue Non-physical issues Collaborative effort among countries as well as among stakeholders from public and private sectors

21 Corridor and Clusters Customs Carrier Freight Forwarder Shipper Cluster

22 Transit Transport Corridor Development LAO PDR THAILAND Storage Transport Customs Customs Transport Customs Storage Shipment

23 Stakeholders LAO PDR THAILAND Transport Ministry Customs Customs brokers Freight forwarders Carriers Port authorities Terminal operators Shipping lines Stakeholders are linked by a demand and supply relationship Clusters to improve day-to-day operations and find medium and long-term solutions

24 Clusters (Vientiane Bangkok Corridor) LAO PDR THAILAND Inland Cluster Border Cluster Sea Cluster

25 Professionalism of logistics industry Role of private sector is also important. Logistics operators are private sector Impact the overall level of efficiency Raise profile of logistics industry and enhance professionalism Capacity building for improving service Promoting partnerships and exchange of experiences Common guidelines and standards of operation of multimodal transport operators and logistics service providers

26 International Integrated Intermodal Transport and Logistics System for Asia and the Pacific

27 More information United Nations ESCAP Dongwoo Ha Tel. Fax Further contact