6/13/17. Mg alloys production and research of Aluminum Corporation of China Limited. Yang Xiao CHALCO CHALCO. Preface. Contents.

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1 Preface Mg alloys production and research of Aluminum Corporation of China Limited Yang Xiao Zhengzhou Light Alloys Technology Co., Ltd Singapore l History According to the former Soviet Union's industrial system in the fifth plan built Fushun aluminum plant (,000 tons of electrolytic magnesium) and the Northeast light alloy processing plant (magnesium plate, belt, tube, rod, type);in 965, the magnesium plate with the workshop into the Luoyang copper processing plant magnesium plate workshop. At the same year, the establishment of Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute. The above four units are China's magnesium industry technology, talent, product source and development basis. l Development The production and research of Aluminium Corp magnesium alloy mainly involves three subordinate units of Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute, China Aluminum Luoyang Copper Limited Company and Northeast Light Alloy Limited Company. Number Institute Production and Research 侧重 方向 Application Zhengzhou Light Metals Research Institute Luoyang Copper Co., Ltd Northeast Light Alloy Co., Ltd Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy High strength and heat resistant magnesium-rare earth alloy MB5(ZK6M)Deformed Magnesium Alloy No flux smelting process AZ ZK60and Rare-earth magnesium alloy (ME0) and so on Double Roller Continuous Casting Process Magnesium alloy products(mb MB8 MB5) Magnesium alloy R & D (fire, high strength, high damping, high thermal conductivity) Tube, rod, profile Plate Study on Ultra - light Mg - Li Alloy Basis Aerospace National Defense National Defense Aerospace Contents Contents Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute Luoyang Copper Limited Company Northeast Light Alloy Limited Company Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute Luoyang Copper Limited Company Northeast Light Alloy Limited Company.Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute is the unique large-scale research institutes in China's light metal field. It is a research center of, making a great contribution to the rapid development of China's aluminum and magnesium industry. Its research and development of silicon thermal reduction magnesium method ensure China primacy for decades. l China's light metal professional field only large-scale scientific research institutions l China Light Metal Academic Committee Secretary - General unit l International Magnesium Standards Association (IMA) Secretary General l National Light Metal Quality Supervision and Inspection Center l National Aluminum Smelting Engineering Technology Research Center l China Aluminum Industry Co., Ltd. Postdoctoral Research Station l International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in China technical standards focal point l Non - ferrous metal standard sample of fixed - point development units. of Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute 4 Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy High strength heat resistant magnesium rare earth alloy MB5 (ZK6M) Deformed Magnesium Alloy No flux smelting process

2 . Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy Ultra light, high specific strength, high specific modulus Density g/cm Advantages of Mg-Li alloys sity Den es reas Dec Research Casting Low vacuum induction smelting and gas protection Alloying Aluminum, zinc, rare earth elements (including mixed smelting Excellent rigidity rare earth, Y, Ce, La, etc.),alkali metals (Ca, Sr, etc.) and Conductive, heat conduction Sn, Pb, etc. The same weight of typical metal High damping capacity Excellent electromagnetic shielding performance Deformation Extrusion, Rolling, Forging Heat treatment Annealing, Solid solution, Homogenization Surface treatment Security cold formability.ultra-light Mg-Li alloy Different cold rolling deformation c. ε=75% Effect of Cold Rolling and Annealing on Microstructure and Properties of LA9 d. ε=95% Stress - Strain Curve of LA9 Alloy Plate with Different Deformation ε=60% ε=75%of cold rolled sheet at different annealing temperatures ε=95% Effect of Different Annealing Temperature on Microstructure of Cold Rolled b. ε=60% Flammable and explosive, lithium toxicity protection. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy Effect of Cold Rolling and Annealing on Microstructure and Properties of LA9 a. 挤压态 Micro-arc oxidation, anodizing, spray plating Can be welded, good machining and a. tensile strength b. Elongation Mechanical Properties of LA9 Alloy Plate with Different Cold Rolling Deformation before and after Annealing. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy a 00 h annealing b 50 h annealing c 00 h annealing d 50 h annealing. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Properties of LA4 Corrosion and protection Study on Surface Corrosion and Protection of Magnesium Alloy:Study on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Alloy Magnesium alloy passivation, anodic oxidation, microarc oxidation, electrophoresis, electroless plating, plasma spraying, painting, magnetron sputtering and other treatment process.through the corrosion behavior of the alloy to choose anti-corrosion process, through the salt spray, friction and wear test to test the coating performance, according to the coating failure to adjust the process, and constantly optimize and improve the alloy protective performance. Microstructure of LA4 Plate after Rolling and Heat Treatment a-rolling b-5 h c- 75 h The composition of LA4 plate after rolling and heat treatment Effect of Heat Treatment on Tensile Mechanical Properties of LA4 Plate Cooperative development of corrosion resistant magnesium alloy results in the famous magazine Nature Materials (IF: 8.89) published A high-specific-strength and corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy, 05, 4().Through the specific composition and thermal processing technology, the alloy from the corrosion potential is significantly shifted to form a self-repair function, similar to the stainless steel LiCO film.

3 . Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy Production (research and development) of the Mg-Li alloy grades and performance Grade Density g/cm Hardness HB Tensile Strength MPa Yield Strength MPa Elongation % LA LA LZ MA MA Including the standard grade alloy and special composition of MgLi alloy, its mechanical properties meet or better than the United States or the former Soviet Union production of magnesium alloy.. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy At present, a large size of Mg-Li alloy ingot has been successfully produced. The diameter of ingot can reach 50mm. In addition, a 00 * 800 mm flat ingot mold is made, and the trial is preparing. Mg-Li alloy ingot with a diameter of 40mm up to 50mm, length up to 400mm, weight up to 50kg. Part Name Application areas Single combat with communications radar Customer category Communication Military UAV parts Aviation Military Civil Fighter antenna bearing Aviation Military 4 Satellite grating shell Aviation Military Civil 5 Aeronautical equipment housing parts Aviation Military 6 Waveguide Communication Military 7 Other Transportation C Civil Plate (foil) The successful production of Mg-Li alloy sheet and foil, the product size is accurate, good shape, smooth surface, excellent performance, has completed the supply of spare parts for aerospace parts. Mg-Li alloy Rolling Thickness/mm Width/mm Length Plate 0.5~ Foil 0.05~ L Mg-Li alloy rolled sheet Mg-Li alloy rolled foil 4 communications radar Forging Slab and Bar Slab thickness of up to 0mm, width Serial number. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy Mg-Li alloy forged slab Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute produces high-quality large-scale magnesium alloys ingots. The ingots would be forged, extruded or rolled, to produce magnesium alloys forging slabs, bars and sheets or plates. It has developed a variety of Mg-Li alloys parts, including many military and civilian customers, widely used in aerospace, transportation and C products.. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy Ingot casting Mg-Li alloy ingot with a diameter of 50mm Typical products and applications Mg-Li alloy forged bar Forging bar diameter 0 ~ 50mm, length 000 ~000mm, weight up to 0kg. A total of hundreds of parts, all the use of Mg-Li and made of surface corrosion treatment, played a significant weight loss effect. Aluminum Alloy 60Kg Weight 4.5% loss Mg-Li Alloy 5Kg

4 . Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy 5 UAV Parts 6 Fighter Antenna Bearing A Mg-Li alloy was prepared by vacuum melting furnace and processed to prepare high performance magnesium and lithium alloy material and processed into the base of the fighter antenna. Original 04 Mg-Li alloy aircraft antenna bearing Aluminum alloy 45g Weight 47% loss Mg-Li Alloy 0g. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy 7 Satellite Grating Shell Satellite grating cover housing parts. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy 9 Waveguide. Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy 8 Aeronautical Equipment Shell Parts Avionics equipment shell parts (micro-arc oxidation treatment). Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy 0 Some other Applications Mg-Li alloy waveguide Sound vibration film Bike frame and Notebook shell 4

5 . High strength and heat resistant magnesium rare earth alloy. High strength and heat resistant Mg-RE alloys High Temperature Performance and Application of High Strength- Heat resistant- Mg- RE Alloy Tensile Strength /MPa Armored vehicle body Tank load wheel Satellite stent Car body Missile cabin Car wheels Tank engine cylinder Car engine cylinder High strength and heat resistant Mg-RE alloy products (a) (b (c) Application Temperature / (d) (e) (f) (a) casting ingots ;(b) extrusion ingots ;(c) rolling slab ;(d) 和 (e) extruded rod ; (f) rolling sheet. High strength and heat resistant Mg-RE alloys. High strength and heat resistant Mg-RE alloys Properties of high strength and heat resistant Mg-RE alloy products The tensile properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy at different temperatures Alloys Properties Tensile Temperature/ Tensile strength Super plasticity of coarse-grain Low Temperature Super plasticity Elongation /% Tensile Temperature/.High strength and heat resistant Mg-RE alloys. High strength and heat resistant Mg-RE alloys Progress in study on fine-grain strengthening of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy Extrusion Temperature/ Grain Size/um Vickers Hardness/ HV 98N dda Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy bars fine-grain strengthening The extrusion temperature of Mg-Gd- Y-Zr alloy decreased from 500 to 400 : Grain size decreased from 6 µm to 7.4 µm; Tensile strength increased from 00MPa to MPa, improved MPa, an increase of 56% Elongation increased from.9% to 5.6% Gain refinement of magnesium alloy has the following characteristics : Effective; Do not reduce the plasticity of the material ; There are many ways to refine grains and easy to implement in production Progress in study on precipitation strengthening of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy much precipitated phases peak-aging lamellar morphology High strength(uts: 400MPa) Mg alloys was fabricated in 004 5

6 . The wrought magnesium alloy of MB5 ZK6M MB5 ZK6M wrought magnesium alloy To improve the microstructure uniformity and explore the potential of mechanical properties of MB5, we carried out four aspects in the study ①MB5 Quality control of casting ingot ②MB5 Processing Map ③MB5 Finite Element Simulation and Analysis of the forging process ④MB5 Isothermal Forging In progress. Isothermal Forging : Developing a high uniformity of microstructure, high performance and low anisotropy of MB5 forged magnesium alloy. Microstructure uniform increased more than 0% tensile strength and yield strength increased more than 0MPa inclusion and porosity decreased more than 5% the property of anisotropy decreased more than 0Mpa The development of fluxless melting In order to obtain good toughness and improve the fatigue property of magnesium alloy, it is necessary to reduce the content of metal impurity elements and the amount of nonmetallic inclusions by the appropriate casting process. Impurity elements have a very negative effect on corrosion resistance and toughness of magnesium alloy. Non-metallic inclusions would also reduce the toughness of magnesium alloys. The biggest problem with the existence of magnesium alloy production in China is that the original magnesium quality is unstable, high content of impurities and the amount of inclusions. Smelting process behind, the use of flux, low level of workers and other reasons caused by the performance of domestic magnesium alloy products are not up to standard. Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute selected the best high-purity magnesium alloy raw materials, as well as military grade low sodium and low potassium high purity lithium ingots. Magnesium-lithium alloy produced by meltfree vacuum casting process is characterized by high plasticity and good corrosion resistance compared with ordinary magnesium alloy. Content Northeast Light Alloy Co. Ltd. Content.4 Fluxless melting Northeast Light Alloy Co. Ltd.. The magnesium alloys production and research of. Luoyang Copper Co. Ltd. is China's first production of magnesium alloy sheet business and started to produce of magnesium alloy sheet in 96.It has made great contribution to National Defense and National Economy Equipments:600mm reversible hot milling roll 800mm cold rolling mill annual production capacity of 500 tons,cumulative production of 0000 tons. yield enterprises specializing in the production The earliest and highest Luoyang copper Co., Ltd. of magnesium alloy sheet National Enterprise Technical Center National heavy nonferrous metal testing and testing center Plate Sheet AZ ZK60 and ME0 Twin-roll casting process Strip 6

7 . AZ ZK60 and ME0 Products Type specifications State Standard Application MM(MB) AZ40M(MB) AZ4M(MB) ME0M(MB8) AZB ZK6M Note Hot rolling alloy type and specifications thickness width length thickness>0 mm or length>800 mm H GB/ T55-00 GB/ T Aerospace, aviation, shipbuilding and other defense industries; textile, chemical machinery Cold rolling alloy type and specifications Type specifications State Standard Application Thickness Width Length Aerospace, aviation, MM(MB) AZ40M(MB) shipbuilding GB/ and other AZ4M(MB) T55-00 H8 H4 O defense ME0M(MB8) GB/ industries; AZB T textile, ZK6M chemical machinery. AZ ZK60 and ME0 Properties of products Type ZK6M ZK6M sheet mechanical properties (RT) Thickness Rm/(N/mm State ) Rp0./(N/mm Elongation ) /% /mm not less than A 50mm H ~.50 T H >.50 ~ T H >0.00 ~ T H >.00 ~ T Twin-roll continuous casting and rolling process. Twin-roll continuous casting and rolling process Development Magnesium alloy continuous casting and rolling technology was used as early as 980 by the United States House Chemical Company Hinte Engineering Compan for the first time, followed by Germany, France, Australia, South Korea, China and other research. The process simplifies the sheet production process, shortening the production cycle, equipment investment is also reduced. l Luoyang Copper Co. Ltd. used this technology in 005 and produced 6mm 600mmAZB magnesium alloy casting and rolling roll. l The newly established Luoyang Tongqi Magnesium company continues the experimental study of the technology. From equipment research and development to process testing, trying to break through the bottleneck of industrial production, after several years of testing, and achieved initial results, successfully produced specifications for 6.7mm 60mm 6.7mm 000mmAZB AZ4M magnesium alloy casting and rolling roll, the maximum weight is 500Kg l Luoyang Copper Co. Ltd. and Taiyuan University of Science and Technology to strengthen cooperation in the magnesium casting equipment, intelligent upgrade, the temperature, flow, level, speed and other technical parameters to build "cycle feedback correction, closed-loop program control" the whole process of man-machine dialogue intelligence Control System, and strive to achieve from the smelting, liquid, liquid level control, release, molding and fault return and other full precise quantitative control, to achieve the copper-copper alloy casting process from qualitative to quantitative, from experience to intellectual control of the change. Performance comparison of twin-roll continuous casting and rolling and conventional rolling Type Thickness l The mechanical properties of State Note /mm the AZB cast sheet are Cast -rolled slab close to that of the ingot, which is lower than that of Semi-continuous ingot casting the hot rolled sheet. Hot -rolled Respectively, using cast sheet sheet and hot-rolled sheet for cold-temperature rolling, its performance has reached the Casting and requirements of GB / rolling billet T l The use of twin-roll continuous casting process to produce AZB magnesium Hot -rolled billet alloy sheet can achieve the national standard.. Twin-roll continuous casting and rolling process Content Twin-roll continuous casting and rolling products Production Workshop 6.7mm 000mm sheet Northeast Light Alloy Co. Ltd. 6.7mm 600mm rolled coil 6.7mm 000mm rolled coil 7

8 Content. Northeast Light Alloy Co. Ltd Zhengzhou Light Metals Research Northeast Light Alloy Co. Ltd. Northeast Light Alloy Co. Ltd is China's first company to produce wrought magnesium alloy. It cast China's first qualified wrought magnesium alloy ingot in 958 and then began to produce magnesium alloy sheet. The company ont only provided much-needed magnesium alloy tube, rods, profiles, but also provided the production of small-size squeeze plate, strip for the national defense and military departments in past 50 years. l National Enterprise Technology Center l The National high Technology Enterprise l National Innovation Enterprise l National Enterprises and Institutions of Intellectual Property pilot units. The production and research of Northeast Light Alloy Co. Ltd Northeast Light Alloy Co. Ltd Products(MB MB8 MB5) Research(flame-retardant high-strength high- damping high-heat conductivity). Products of magnesium alloy Products and Applications Number Type Type State Application specification Alloy Profiles Alloy Bar Alloy Forgings Northeast Light Alloy Co. Ltd products MB(AZ40M) MB8(ME0M) MB5(ZK6M) MB(AZ40M) MB8(ME0M) MB5(ZK6M) MB(AZ40M) MB5(ZK6M) R F aircraft 0 R R F In addition, Northeast Light Alloy Co. Ltd also carried out a small amount of magnesium alloy ingot production and trial production. The company adopted advanced the semi-continuous casting method and successfully prepared ultra-high toughness Mg- Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy ingot(diameter of 500mm).It is the largest size of rare earth magnesium alloy ingots in the recent roports at home and abroad. aircraft ( forging stock) Ф60~00mm engine die forging : 5 open die forging:0. Research of magnesium alloy Research and development of magnesium alloy for traffic Significance l The use of new materials with higher strength and lower weight is the constant pursuit of rail transit design. l Heavy weight loss of rail transport not only lead to higher performance, but also reduce the energy consumption of vehicle operation. l Now a large number of aluminum alloy body has reached a limit, lightweight high strength magnesium alloy in the field of high speed rail vehicle has a wide range of applications. Development of magnesium alloys for traffic u Low cost and ultra high strength flame retardant magnesium alloy u Low cost and can be high-speed forming high toughness wrought magnesium alloy u Low cost and high damping high strength magnesium alloy u Low cost and high thermal conductivity easy to form magnesium alloy. Research of magnesium alloy A. Low cost and ultra high strength flame retardant magnesium alloy Aiming at the civil transportation tools, the company developed a low-cost ultra-high strength flame retardant and corrosion resistant magnesium alloy without rare earth.its yield strength is similar to that of ultra - high strength rare earth magnesium alloy with a large amount of expensive rare earth. It has a wide range of application prospect in the rail transport. Alloy Tensile properties at room temperature condition YS (MPa) UTS (MPa) ε (%) Mg-Al-Ca- As-extruded Mg-Al-Ca- As-extruded Mg-Zn-Ca As-extruded

9 . Research of magnesium alloy. Research of magnesium alloy B. High damping and high strength magnesium alloy Based on the deep research on the damping mechanism of magnesium alloy, different series of high damping high strength magnesium alloys were developed. Tensile and damping properties of high damping and high strength magnesium alloy at room temperature Alloys condition Testing T YS (MPa) UTS (MPa) ε (%) Q - Mg-Cu-Mn-X As-extruded RT 0 50 > 0.0 Mg-Si-Sr-X As-extruded RT > 0.0 Mg-Zn-Ca-X As-extruded RT > 0.0 Mg-Mn-X As-extruded RT > 0.0 C. New type of high thermal conductivity of magnesium alloys u Suitable for die - casting of high thermal conductivity and high strength magnesium alloy u Good die-casting performance (Comparable to AZ9) ) l thermal conductivity (>00W/mk) l strength (Better than AZ9 ) u Mg-Zn-X l low cost u Mg-Al-X u Mg-La-X u Easy forming of high conductivity high - strength magnesium alloys l High-speed extrusion, low temperature extrusion, stamping l thermal conductivity (>5W/mk) l strength ( Comparable to ZK60) l Corrosion resistance l low cost u Mg-Zn-X u Mg-Al-X Zhengzhou Light Alloys Technology Co., Ltd. Website: Contact : Yang Xiao 905xy@6.com Tel : Thanks! 9