Stimulating self-consumption and direct selling within the EEG

Transcription

1 Stimulating self-consumption and direct selling within the EEG New ways of consuming and selling solar energy: A german-french exchange of experiences, April 10th 2014, Paris Dr. Karin Freier Head of Division III B 5 Renewable Energy Technologies (Wind, Hydro, Solar, Biomass, Geothermal Energy) Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy

2 Overview 1. Development of the renewable electricity generation in Germany 2. Promoting photovoltaics and its changes during the development of the EEG 3. Main ways of using solar energy: direct selling with market premium, self-consumption and direct use by a third party 4. Outlook on the reform of the EEG

3 Renewable Electricity in Germany 2012: Total: 23,6 % (~ 145 TWh) 4,4 % (~ 26 TWh) 8,4 % 7,2 % 3,6 % Source: Renewable Energy Sources in Figures, BMU, 2013 und 2014

4 Installation / MW Installation of Photovoltaics Annual Perspective No market crash but returning to sustainable growth!

5 Promoting Photovoltaics the development of the EEG Forerunner: Roofs Program (1990), StromeinspeiseG (Act on feeding-in electricity,1991) feed-in tariff (FIT) did not cover full costs EEG 2000 & Roofs -Programm, feed-in tariff ~ 50 Cent/kWh (2000); tariff degression beginning 2002 EEG 2004 o minimum FIT ~ 46 Cent/kWh (2004) o higher FIT for installations on buildings, depending on size (up to ~ 57 Cent/kWh) o annual degression o bonus for installations on outer-shells of buildings (5 Cent/kWh)

6 Promoting Photovoltaics the development of the EEG EEG 2009 o FIT Cent/kWh (2009), depending on size o bonus for self-consumption (up to 30 kw) o cancelling the bonus for outer-shell installations o annual degression based on first breathing cap mechanism Reform 2010: cutting back FIT, modification of target corridor, changing area specifications for solar parks, extending the bonus for selfconsumption (up to 500 MW) EEG 2012 o introduction of direct selling with market premium o cutback PV tariffs o adjustement of the green electricity privilege (2 Cent/kWh, tightening prerequisites)

7 Promoting Photovoltaics the development of the EEG PV-Reform of the EEG 2012 o cancelling self-consumption bonus o cutting back tariffs, FIT 1. April 2012: 13,5 19,5 Cent/kWh o rearrangement of Breathing Cap : degression by 1 % per month (11,4 % per year) if installation rate is within the target corridor of 2,5-3,5 GW rapid increase of degression rate if installation rate exceeds target corridor; decrease if installation rate is below April 2014: < 10 kw : 13,28 Cent/kWh FFA : 9,19 Cent/kWh o maximum amount of promoting PV within the EEG: 52 GW o market integration modell (only 90 % of the generated solar electricty is promoted for installations between kw)

8 Main ways of using solar electricity 1. Feed-In Tariff (FIT) ( classical case ) 2. Direct Selling with Market Premium specific company transfers the electricity to the electricity exchange income = price at the electricity exchange + market premium market premium = FIT monthly average of price at electricty exchange + management premium management premium compensates for the expenses for direct selling to the market (0,6 Cent/kWh in 2014 for installations with remote-control) the owners get in touch with the electricity market due to the price signal => stimulation to behave in-line with the market; market integration

9 3. Self-Consumption Main ways of using solar electricity installation operator = consumer (not necessarily the installation owner, crucial: who bears the business risk with the installation) with own cable or using the grid in the vicinity of the installation advantage at present: no EEG cost apportionment, usually no grid fees (grid fees only if grid is used) But (when indicated): obligation for Value-Added Tax (this is the case if a business installation is used for private self-consumption) 4. Direct use by a third party installation operator = consumer only with own cable in the vicinity of the installation reduced EEG cost apportionment (solar green electricity privilege ) 5. In addition: Direct Selling with normal green electricity privilege

10 Installed capacity in the DS-Regime (MW) Development of Direct Selling (DS) Wind ~ 90 %, Biomass ~ 50 %, PV > 10 % market premium by far most important DS mechanism PV: ~ 99 % of the DS-Energy is in the market premium -regime Share of total PV capacity [%] Installed capacity in the DS Share of total PV capacity (capacity in DS / total capacity) Source: bilateral communication, ZSW PV > 4000 MW market premium, increasing further

11 Jan 06 Jan 07 Jan 08 Jan 09 Jan 10 Jan 11 Jan 12 Jan 13 EEG-Vergütung FIT and electricity und Strompreise prices [Cent/kWh] netto [ct/kwh] Feed-in tariff and electricity prices: Grid Parity FIT solar energy (net)/cent Building January 2006 April Kleine Small Dachanlagen Households Freiflächenanlagen Solar parks < 10 kw 51,80 13,28 40 < 30 kw 51,80 12,60 < 100 kw 49,28 11,23 30 grid parity for "Netzparität" small für kleine households Private < 1000 kw 48,74 11,23 20 private Strompreise households Haushalte (net) (netto) < 10 MW 48,74 9,19 industry Strompreise (net) Industrie (netto) Solar park 40,60 9,19 10 => natural incentive for self-consumption - Source: Quelle: ZSW, BDEW

12 Share of new installations with selfconsumption [%] Share of installations using self-consumption: increasing! Agriculture Private Households Business/Industry Public Authorities Source: bilateral communcation, ZSW Great majority of new installations tries to do (and maximize) selfconsumption

13 Effects of self-consumption on financing the electricity system Contributions of self-consumption compared to standard electricty consumption from the grid: cost items EEG apportionment grid fees concession fee CHP apportionment (KWK) electricity tax EEG tariff paymants Overall financial contribution of self-consumption minus minus minus minus minus plus minus Cost-savings in the grid due to self-consumption? Cost are mainly investments costs, which depend on the installed power => self-consumption not automatically beneficial for the grid

14 Outlook on the reform of the EEG Achieving the goals: % renewable electricity in 2025 Limiting the costs & controlling the growth of the renewables Focussing on cost-efficient technologies (Wind and PV) Direct selling with market premium as obligation (standard case) Changing to tender mechanism/bidding procedures (first: solar parks) Appropriate contribution of all electricity consumers to financing the EEG and the Energiewende (e. g. partly self-consumption) Design of the EEG in-line with the european law, cancelling green electricity privilege, further development of the special equalisation scheme for electricity-intensive enterprises PV: MW annually, keeping the basic structure of the Breathing Cap, promotion of pv analyzed in context with any rearrangement of self-consumption

15 Backup

16 EE-Strom /TWh Electricity from renewables [TWh] Outlook Goals for renewable electricity in % 40% ~ 9 TWh/a ~ 7 TWh/a Note: shown here for 580 TWh total electricity generation