Tools for Soil Building in PEI

Transcription

1 Tls fr Sil Building in PEI

2 Tls fr Sil Building In my psitin, I get a lt f questins frm grwers abut different rtatin crps, best management practices fr using them, and infrmatin n different tillage practices In this presentatin, I hpe t prvide an verview fr sme f the tls available, including experiences direct frm Island grwers

3 Cver Crp Selectin Tl decisin-tl.incvercrps.ca

4 Cver Crp Selectin Tl Detailed infrmatin n each species fr management!

5 Cver Crp Selectin Tl Includes stand-alne crps as well as a series f mixes. Can select prvince, cunty, crp type. Each crp prfile includes: Planting inf Terminatin inf Perfrmance rles Cultural traits Ptential Advantages Ptential Disadvantages

6 Red Clver presents issues Has been a standard rtatin crp in ptat prductin in PEI fr decades Prduces significant bimass, establishes easily, great underseed in grain crps well adapted t Maritime climate Hwever Preferred hst fr Verticillium, rt lesin nematde Preferred egg laying crp fr click beetles (wirewrm)

7 Rtatinal Crps Brwn/Caliente Mustard Buckwheat Srghum Sudangrass Pearl Millet Tillage Radish Alfalfa Other Frage Mixes

8 Brwn/Caliente Mustard A number f studies in PEI have shw effectiveness f mustard in decreasing wirewrm damage Significant literature references t effect n: Verticillium Rhizctnia Cmmn scab Weed reductin

9 Brwn/Caliente Mustard Can have an effect n nematdes if incrprated and bifumigant prperties are activated. If left as a cver crp, there is sme evidence that it culd be a hst fr sme nematde species. Establishes quickly in warmer temperatures, and can be incrprated in days, befre glucsinlates mve t the seed. Can duble-crp in ne grwing seasn if disease pressure is sufficiently high.

10 Brwn/Caliente Mustard Grwers are reprting generally better marketable yields after mustard crps. Several grwers have indicated that the tilth f the sil is better, easier t dig in the fall with fewer clumps. Requires adequate fertility t grw sufficient bimass. Recmmended at 6:1 rati f N:S in fertilizer blend. Mustard needs Sulphur t prduce glucsinlates Dn t skimp n the fertilizer fr the mustard, r it may result in a pr mustard crp, and a tie up f nutrients in the ptat year f rtatin.

11 Brwn/Caliente Mustard

12 Brwn/Caliente Mustard

13 Brwn/Caliente Mustard Mw with a flail mwer t chp finely, then incrprate immediately. Need t incrprate in mist sil Leave fr abut 2 weeks, and then a cver crp can be seeded (drill, bradcast) t cver sil if nt duble crpping Can be mwed thrugh the grwing seasn, incrprated in the fall will regrw if mwed high enugh Nt frst tlerant Timing f incrpratin will depend n what yu are trying t cmbat mst (wirewrm vs. thers), schedule f crp activities.

14 Effect n Cntrlling Wirewrm Research by Dr. Nrnha ( ) Crp Preceding Ptates Ttal Yield cwt/acre Marketable Yield cwt/acre Barley Brwn Mustard Buckwheat N insecticide used Marketable Yield fr Prcessing used as standard Duble Crp f Mustard/Buckwheat fr tw years in this study N Sig. Diff. fr Ttal Yield Sig. Diff fr Marketable Yield fr Prcessing

15 Grwer Experience: Klndike Farms

16 Effect n Ttal Yield Research by Dr. Ganga Cavendish Farms (2013) Crp Preceding Ptates Ttal Yield cwt/acre Barley 256 Treated Wheat 277 Untreated Wheat 319 Mustard (Caliente 199) 340 Mustard + Nemat 351 Buckwheat 386 Study shwed significant reductins in hles/tuber and in the percentage f nnmarketable tubers in the plts when Mustard and Buckwheat were grwn befre ptates.

17 Mustard: Grwer Experience Presented by Dr. Gefu Wang-Pruski at 2016 PEI Ptat Exp, wrk with Cavendish Farms

18 Buckwheat Has been shwn in PEI t reduce wirewrm damage in ptates (single and duble crp) Literature indicates that it is very favrable in cmbating Ptat Early Dying (Verticillium/nematdes) Als has been shwn t be gd a suppressing weeds. Knwn as a P scavenger, making P mre available t subsequent crps DO NOT LET IT GO TO SEED can becme a weed.

19 Buckwheat Requires warmer sil t germinate than mustard Nt frst tlerant at all will decmpse quickly after frst Fast grwing in the summer, can be established and incrprated quickly. Sme risk f white mld

20 Srghum Sudangrass High bimass crp fr building sil OM Has been shwn t cntrl rt lesin nematdes Cited fr weed suppressin Can be used fr cattle feed

21 Srghum Sudangrass Mid-seasn mwing at greater than 6 inches dramatically increase rt mass and depth. Requires warm sil fr germinatin and establishment. Nt frst tlerant When frsted, can cause prussic acid pisning if fed t livestck Bimass can take lnger t break dwn, can tie up sme N in resultant year, especially if nt chpped/flailed.

22 Pearl Millet Accrding t OMAFRA, best knwn crp fr reductin f rt lesin nematdes Gd prductin f bimass fr sil OM Weed suppressin and cmpactin reductin

23 Pearl Millet Requires warm sil t establish (like sudangrass) Slwer t establish than sudangrass Vegetative grwth will decmpse much better than mature grwth, s better t mw mre ften and at a lwer height fr maximum effect May tie up sme sil N in next year if allwed t get mature. DO NOT LET GO TO SEED

24 Tillage Radish Assists in breaking up sil, creating hles fr water infiltratin. Gd fr N scavenging and weed cntrl. Releases N rapidly. Can be established early

25 Tillage Radish Can be planted in mixture with ther species Dn t grw in rtatin with ther brassica species (canla, mustard) due t white mld, clubrt Plant befre Sept 1 if wanting a deep taprt.

26 Alfalfa Deep taprts/rt mass help with sil cmpactin and building sil OM Can be ecnmic frage crp if in rtatin with cattle farms Can be mixed easily with ther suitable grass species (rchardgrass, timthy, brmegrass)

27 Alfalfa Can be direct seeded in spring, but establishes best as under seed with grain crp Sensitive t acidic sil, ideally ph 6.3 r mre Requires additinal applicatin f K Inculatin t fster N fixatin, can cntribute significant amunt f N when incrprated Plant a variety resistant t Verticillium

28 Other Frage Mixes Oats/Peas Oats/Peas/Hairy Vetch Grasses/White Clver r Crimsn Clver Kale???

29 Organic Amendments Nt always easy t access manure r cmpst, but quick way t imprve sil OM and nutrients. Imprtant t d manure sample tests t assess nutrient value f manure befre applicatin Time/incrpratin f manure imprtant dn t want t lse all f the N!

30 Organic Amendments Can be high cst t rganic amendments if nt readily available clse by, r if they aren t a cncentrated prduct. Hwever, can help build sil health and sil OM faster than crp rtatin alne. Wrking with lcal livestck farmers t assess manure availability, trading fr straw/hay Investigate alternative rganic amendment surces

31 Organic Amendments Nutriwave: chicken manure 3% calcium, 0.7% magnesium Dehydrated pellets

32 Organic Amendments Oyster Cve Farm: Investigating impact f rganic amendments n pay weight frm

33 Residue Tillage Currently wrking with multiple researchers and agrnmists in PEI t put tgether multiple years f data n use f residue tillage and it s effect n marketable yield and sil characteristics.

34 Residue/Reduced Tillage Plan is t put all f the data tgether t identify keep trends ver multiple sites/years. Reduced tillage techniques have been shwn t reduce sil cmpactin, imprve water hlding capacity f sil and water infiltratin, destry less sil OM, reduce sil ersin Als seeing a psitive trend n marketable yield with use f reduced tillage equipment.

35 $5,000 $4,500 $4,000 $3,500 $3,000 $2,500 Residue Tillage Mldbard Plugh $2,000 $1,500 $1,000 Ave diff: $616/acre $500 $- Farm A Farm B 2015 Farm B 2016 Farm C Farm D Left Farm D Right

36 Lking at Changes? Identify a prblem field What are the biggest limitatins fr that field? Hw culd thse limitatins be addressed thrugh rtatin r thrugh rganic amendments? Leave a check strip t help assess impact Be prepared fr differences t take mre than ne year t shw up Measure yields and/r sil quality parameters directly!

37 Questins? Ryan Barrett Research Crdinatr / Prject Lead, AIM ffice: (902) cell: (902)