Gearing Up For Great Career Opportunities. Career Guide Engineering and R&D

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1 Gearing Up For Great Career Opportunities Career Guide Engineering and R&D

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3 Gearing Up For Great Career Opportunities Career Guide Engineering and R&D

4 Copyright 2014 NASSCOM 4E-Vandana Buiding (4th Foor) 11, Tostoy Marg, Connaught Pace New Dehi , India T ; F E ssc@nasscom.in W Pubished by NASSCOM, New Dehi Discaimer The information contained herein has been obtained from sources reiabe to NASSCOM. NASSCOM discaims a warranties as to the accuracy, competeness or adequacy of such information. NASSCOM sha have no iabiity for errors, omissions, or inadequacies, in the information contained herein, or for interpretations thereof. Every effort has been made to trace the owners of the copyright materia incuded in this book. The pubishers woud be gratefu for any omissions brought to their notice for acknowedgement in future editions of the book. No entity in NASSCOM sha be responsibe for any oss whatsoever sustained by any person who reies on this materia. The materia in this pubication is copyrighted. No part of this report can be reproduced either on paper or on eectronic media uness authorised by NASSCOM.

5 Foreword Dear Reader, The IT Industry in India has been growing at a tremendous pace and has been fueing India's growth story. The industry has paced India on the word map with an image of a technoogicay advanced and a knowedge-based economy. The Industry has provided great careers to young aspirants and currenty empoys neary 3 miion peope. Today the IT-BPM industry is standing at a watershed moment in history. In FY 2012, the industry achieved a stear andmark of crossing USD 100 biion in revenues. The Engineering and R&D (ER&D) sub-sector has been growing at a CAGR of neary 15 per cent over the ast five years and empoys more than 200,000 engineers across the country. ER&D services are expected to touch USD 15 biion by FY2016, growing at a CAGR of 10 per cent. It is predicted that the Indian ER&D sub-sector wi reap 1 between USD 40 biion and USD 45 biion by The past decade has seen frequent changes in the movement of the economy and companies are becoming increasingy conscious that in the gobay connected word, the new norma wi be characterised by business voatiity. Growth in the IT-BPM industry is based on your performance, skis and hard work. What attracts these miion pus peope to this industry? Why shoud you consider the IT-BPM industry as a serious career option? This guide answers these and many other questions about a career in this industry. Choosing a career is one of the most important decisions of your ife and this guide wi hep you make an informed choice. It tes you about the industry, the verticas it operates in, how to get a job in this industry and what you need to do, to buid a successfu career. We hope you wi be part of our industry pursuing a career of your choice. Best wishes, Som Mitta President 1 NASSCOM, Research & Inteigence-Goba ER&D-Acceerating Innovation with Indian Engineering - May 2010

6 Acknowedgements We woud ike to thank Mr. Som Mitta, Former President, NASSCOM; Mr. Lakshmi Narayanan, Chairman, IT-ITeS Sector Skis Counci NASSCOM and CEO Cognizant and the entire NASSCOM and SSC NASSCOM team, for their strategic eadership and support to this important project. We are gratefu to the officers of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technoogy, Ministry of Labour and Empoyment (MoLE), Prime Minister's Office (PMO) and the Nationa Skis Deveopment Corporation (NSDC), who provided us with reevant information and support required for this report. We are gratefu to the members of the Project Board, namey, Mr Srikantan Moorthy, Infosys; Mr Kothandaraman Karunagaran, CSC; Mr Sameer Kohi, CSC; Mr Manjunatha Hebbar, HCL; Mr. Vidyut Navekar, TCS; Mr. Arjun R, HCL and Mr. Ani Menon, IBM, for their continued support. We woud aso ike to thank a other NASSCOM member organisations that provided inputs for the preparation of this Guide. Last but not the east, we woud ike to thank the Accenture Project team, consisting of Niaya Varma, Shammak Banerjee, Deepti Gogia, Ritesh Arora and Aman Kaur for conducting the research and putting this guide together.

7 Tabe of Contents Career Guide - Engineering and R&D This Career Guide answers the foowing key questions with respect to a career in the Engineering and R&D Industry What is the Overview of the IT-BPM Industry? 1-3 What is the ER&D Sub-Sector? 4-8 What are the Requirements for Being an ER&D Professiona? 9-11 What are the Roes in the ER&D Sub-Sector? Some Success Stories in the ER&D Sub-Sector 42-45

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9 What is the Overview of the IT-BPM Industry? Career Guide Engineering and R&D 1

10 The IT-BPM industry has been fueing India's growth story. In addition to contributing to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and exports, the industry has payed a big roe in infuencing the socio-economic parameters across the country. The industry has heped provide empoyment and a good standard of iving to miions. It has paced India on the word map with an image of a technoogicay advanced and a knowedge-based economy. Growth of the IT-BPM industry has provided India with a wide range of economic and socia benefits which incudes creating empoyment, raising income eves, promoting exports and significanty contributing to the GDP of the country. This sector attracts amongst the argest investments by venture capitaists and has been credited with enabing the entrepreneuria ventures of many, in the country. The IT-BPM industry has amost doubed in terms of revenue and contribution to India's GDP, over the ast six years ( ). Structure of the IT-BPM Industry The organisations within the IT-BPM Industry are categorised aong the foowing parameters: Sector the organisation is serving Type as we as range of offering the organisation provides Geographic spread of operations and Revenues and size of operations A broad structure of the Industry based on the parameters identified in the Indian 2 context is represented beow : Muti-nationa Companies (MNCs): MNC organisations have their headquarters outside India but operate in mutipe ocations wordwide, incuding those in India. They cater to externa cients (both domestic and/or goba). Indian Service Providers (ISPs): ISPs are organisations that have started with their operations in India. Most of these organisations woud have their headquarters in India, whie having offices at many internationa ocations. Whie most have a cient-base which is goba as we as domestic, there are some that have focussed on serving ony the Indian cients. 2 Source: NASSCOM Research 2

11 Goba In-house Centres (GIC): GIC organisations cater to the needs of their parent company ony and do not serve externa cients. This mode aows the organisation the option to keep IT Operations in-house and at the same time take advantage of expanding their goba footprint and offering opportunities for innovation in a cost- effective manner. Sub-Sectors within the IT-BPM Industry The IT-BPM industry has four sub-sectors. The subsequent sections provide information and insights for a career in the Engineering and R&D sub-sector. IT Services (ITS) Business Process Management (BPM) Custom Appication Deveopment (CAD) Customer Interaction and Support (CIS) Hardware Depoyment and Support Finance and Accounting (F&A) Software Depoyment and Support Human Resource Management (HRM) IT Consuting Knowedge Services System Integration Procurement and Logistics Information Systems(IS) Outsourcing Software Testing Network Consutation and Integration Education and Training IT-BPM Industry Engineering and R&D (ER&D) Embedded Services Engineering Services Software Products (SPD) Offshore Product Deveopment Onshore Product Deveopment 3

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13 What is the ER&D Sub-Sector? Career Guide Engineering and R&D 4

14 Introduction to the ER&D Sub-Sector Indian Engineering and R & D (ER&D) sub-sector has payed a key roe in acceerating innovation and in estabishing India as The number of peope directy a design and innovation hub. The >2,00,000 empoyed in the ER&D Sub-sector ER&D exports of the country crossed Expected revenues from >USD ER&D services by biion USD 11 biion in FY2013, which is a growth of about 9 per cent over 3 FY2012. This was primariy driven by increased competitiveness and competitive markets and a gradua decine of skied engineering w o r k f o r c e i n t h e d e v e o p e d economies. The ER&D andscape in India has significanty matured and evoved over the ast five years, refecting not just process maturity but aso a focussed upward movement in the vaue chain through service diversification and enhanced virtuaisation with a view to sustain goba partnerships and compete gobay. Some of the key factors responsibe for this, are: Continuousy expanding services portfoio encompassing the fu spectrum of product deveopment vaue chain Fexibe business modes ranging from outsourcing services to partnership arrangements with cients Large engineering taent poo India s position in goba ER&D andscape India s share of the goba ER&D market Tota contribution of ER&D Sub-sector in the IT-BPM Industry Exports Number of organisation in the ER&D Sub-sector Growth of the ER&D Sub-sector from FY 2012 to FY 2013 (E) Estabished reationships in either the IT services or the BPM sub-sectors that can be everaged Growth in oca markets and the emergence of new verticas is contributing to the diversity of the ER&D sub-sector. The sub-sector has been growing at a CAGR of ~15 per cent over the ast five years and empoys more than 200,000 engineers across the country. ER&D services are expected to touch USD 15 biion by FY2016, growing at a CAGR of 10 per cent. It is predicted that the Indian ER&D sub-sector wi reap between 4 USD 40 biion and USD 45 biion by For this to happen, various stakehoders must together encourage innovation and R&D work and contribute to emerging areas ike defence abs, product engineering, support infrastructure and so on. ER&D is strategic to India and has the potentia to bring a steep change in the economy. A strategic bent and focussed investment in ER&D has the potentia to transform India into an ER&D powerhouse and make it a key growth driver over the next decade >USD 11-2 biion 9.2 per cent 1 Tota amount of ER&D Sub-sector exports in FY 2013(E) 22 per cent 14.8 per cent Figure 15 : ER&D Sub-Sector - Snapshot 3 THE IT-BPM SECTOR IN INDIA, Strategic Review 2013; NASSCOM 4 NASSCOM-Booz: Goba ER&D-India's Maturing Ecosystem,

15 Profie of the ER&D Sub-Sector The ER&D accounts for 15 per cent exports in India, the tota R&D investment in the country is expected to grow at a CAGR of 14 per cent, and reaching USD 45 biion by The ER&D exports in India have increased at 9 per cent in FY2013 as compared 3 to FY2012 and crossed USD 11 biion. Vertica Profie: India's initia foray and success in ER&D was in the traditiona verticas ike Semiconductor, Teecom, Automotive and Aerospace which has now expanded to incude other emerging verticas ike Medica Devices, Consumer Eectronics, Energy, etc., a of which are everaging on India's arge base of engineering taent poo and cost arbitrage to reap maximum returns. Engineering-intensive industries such as Teecom, Semiconductors and Automotive are the biggest contributors to ER&D sub-sector's revenues, contributing to amost 60 per cent of the revenue base. Horizonta Profie/Service Offerings: There is a broad range of service offerings incuding embedded software and hardware design services, testing and verification and vaidation (V&V), prototype buiding, engineering anaysis and modeing, core product deveopment and design services. Over the years, most of the service providers in India have focussed their efforts at proactivey investing in deveoping their peope capabiities in order to provide a unique vaue proposition to their increasingy diverse customer base. Customer Profie: Gobay, there are about customers that account for 80 per cent of the ER&D market. There is higher spending in the more mature v e r t i c a s i n c u d i n g A u t o m o t i v e, S e m i c o n d u c t o r s a n d C o n s u m e r Eectronics as compared to the emerging verticas. The North American and the European markets have been the traditiona stronghod customers of the Indian ER&D sub-sector and this trend is expected to continue going forward. Other new opportunities are expected to emerge from the Japanese market, especiay in the automotive segment. Many occupations wi merge as the same peope wi do mutipe activities. Cients ask for peope who can do design as we as anaysis. Mechanica and Eectronics wi converge to Mechatronics. Sevan S.S., EIS Business Head - Fufiment Exceence Tata Consutancy Services 3 The IT BPM Sector in India Strategic Review 2013, NASSCOM 6

16 Key Trends in the ER&D Sub-Sector With the changes evoving in the goba manufacturing space, the Indian ER&D sub-sector has become more dynamic and fexibe to respond to changing customer needs across the fu spectrum of product ife-cyce. As a resut, organisations are becoming increasingy agie to keep pace with increased competitiveness in the goba andscape. Some of the key trends which are eading the growth in the sub-sector incude: Addressing whitespaces across service offerings: ER&D organisations are increasingy deveoping capabiities that are enabing them to participate across a stages of product ife-cyce, thereby deivering vaue added services to their customers. The focus is now to invest in buiding end-to-end capabiities in seect speciaisations to fi capabiity whitespaces that exist across service offerings for catering to the needs of specific industries. Trend Description Addressing whitespaces across service offerings Hyper speciaisation approach in the sub-sector Innovation mindset Higher vaue adding services Locationa advantage of industria hubs Invest Buiding end-to-end ER&D capabiitites in seect service offerings High-end offerings ike knowedge-based Engineering or Engineering Consuting Innovation across offerings at product eve and process eve Prototyping, tooing, manufacturing support, programme management, suppier management Leverage on ocationa advantage of industries in Tier 1 cities to attract taent, resources Hyper-speciaisation approach: Organisations are focussing on a hyperspeciaisation approach, which is a speciaised approach to buiding domain capabiities through reorganisation of services and verticas across the sub-sector. Organisations wi focus on deveoping interna capabiities ike deveopment of extensive testing and prototyping faciities, test aboratories and centres of exceence, through mutua partnerships with training providers and academia. 7

17 Innovation Mindset: Organisations are now driving innovation across verticas at two eves the product eve and the process eve. The product eve innovation means that organisations are now finding new ways to provide design support for a product, whereas, the process eve innovation refers to finding more efficient production processes for the product. The focus of these activities is seen as customer vaue addition by reducing product ife-cyces and enabing fexibe capacity to enabe increases competitiveness. Higher Vaue Adding Services: Increasingy, organisations in the Indian ER&D sub-sector are concentrating at providing services at the higher end of the vaue chain. As a resut they are targeting areas ike prototyping, manufacturing support, suppier management etc. and incuding them as part of their service offerings portfoio. Another focus area is fruga engineering, which aows cients to compete on cost effectiveness. The target for a these offerings is to hep cients in the optimisation of design, manufacturing and sourcing processes. Locationa Advantage of Industria hubs: The ER&D organisations in India wi continue to be based near industria hubs in the Tier 1 cities in the near future as they depend on these hubs to provide them with both - resources as we as taent. Aso, as these organisations expect to cater to the domestic customer in the near future, it becomes imperative that they maintain their ocationa advantage by being based near these industria hubs. 8

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19 What are the Requirements for Being an ER&D Professiona? Career Guide Engineering and R&D 9

20 Skis Whie the core ski sti remains pure engineering, there is an increasing focus on hiring candidates with knowedge of design principes and work experience in CAD/CAM and CFD. With growing process maturity and an increased foray into speciaisation of service offerings, peope with domain knowedge, in addition to design and engineering knowedge wi certainy see a fast growth. Key Generic Ski Requirements: Key Functiona Ski Requirements: Communication Anaytica skis Probem Soving Strong knowedge of design principes CAD/CAM/CFD Simuation and Prototyping Fu product deveopment Verification and Vaidation Product Lifecyce Management Product Design and Optimisation Technica skis are dynamic and wi change with the industry, but management skis are the same Madhura Lanjekar, Tata Technoogies, Head - Taent Management Learning Opportunities Engineering and R&D (ER&D) sub-sector is a very knowedge-intensive sub-sector that requires a ot of speciaised skis across an array of occupations ike prototyping, tooing, product design, etc. The R&D segment particuary requires the empoyees to be constanty focussed on innovations, especiay in the wake of India emerging as a strong contender for a Leadership position as an innovation hub. Therefore, the sub-sector offers its empoyees earning opportunities through different sources ike certifications, training materias (onine/cassroom), focussed earning programmes and on-the-job earning opportunities. In fact, there is a very heavy emphasis upon on the job-earning, considering the detaied technica speciaisation required for the job roes. 10

21 With verticaisation, many ER&D organisations are aso focussing on domain specific (medica devices, manufacturing, etc.) knowedge. For cassroom training and certifications, there are tie-ups with training institutes. Learning opportunities are offered within and outside of the organisations. Some of these options incude: Advanced technica degree courses ike MCA, M Tech, M E, M Sc, Ph D, etc. Advanced business courses ike MBA/PGDBM Domain reated certifications in the areas of CAD/CAM/CFD, tooing, prototyping etc. Industry reated certifications in various verticas Note: One of the key objectives of the IT-ITeS SSC NASSCOM is to deveop avenues for earning and ski deveopment in the IT-BPM Industry. In pursuit of this, the SSC is panning to set up accreditation process for training providers and taioring courses on Occupationa Standards that are currenty being deveoped for the industry. Quaifications, Knowedge and Understanding The major buk of hiring happens at Entry Leve as organisations compete to attract the best taent from engineering coeges. The avaiabiity of a skied taent poo with strong communication skis and Engish anguage capabiities is another reason for India's attractiveness. Hiring happens at both atera as we as fresher eves. At the Entry Leve, the sub-sector sees hiring from engineering coeges from high-demand discipines, such as Computer Science, Mechanica Engineering, and Eectronics, owing to the gradua decine in the engineering taent poo of the western word. Whie hiring, other than the educationa quaifications, a significant focus is aso paced on the anaytica abiity of the individua. Functiona skis and domain expertise is often added through rigorous on-the-job training and other certifications and training programmes. Organisations connect with potentia recruits through mutipe channes ike roadshows, competitions, seminars, internships, etc. Latera hiring happens at many eves and movement across organisations is not uncommon. Another key focus area has been the hiring of experienced professionas from internationa as we as domestic markets, to add to the scarce taent poo in the country. Many mutinationas are aso queuing up to hire PhD schoars for their GICs ocated in India. These organisations are tapping the engineering coeges ike Indian Institutes of Technoogy (IITs), other institutes of nationa importance and Indian Statistica Institute (ISI), Kokata to meet their research requirements. The ER&D organisations usuay hire Ph.Ds as interns and groom them accordingy. 11

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23 What are the Roes in the ER&D Sub-Sector? Career Guide Engineering and R&D 12

24 Based on industry research as part of the Occupationa Anaysis, the occupations in the sub-sector have been cassified as foows: 13 Unique 'Occupations' 15 Unique 'Tracks' 16 Unique Job roes at the Entry Leve 48 Unique Job roes at the Midde Leve 54 Unique Job roes at the Leadership Leve Occupation is a set of job roes, which perform simiar/reated set of functions in an industry. Tracks are a sub-set of occupations having simiar set of functions under the arger gamut of the occupation they beong to Unique Job-roes are defined as a set of functions that together form a unique empoyment opportunity in an organisation. Entry Leve: 0-2 yrs. Midde Leve: 2-12 yrs. Leadership Leve: >12 yrs. 13

25 Occupations and tracks within the ER&D Sub-Sector Engineering Anaysis Hardware Deveopment Software Deveopment Engineering Anaysis Hardware Deveopment Software Deveopment Product Engineering Design Product Manufacturing Support Product Lifecyce Management Product Engineering Design Product Manufacturing Support Product Lifecyce Management Product Marketing R&D Verification (whitebox) Vaidation (backbox) Product Marketing R&D Software Testing Verification (whitebox) Vaidation (backbox) Quaity Assuranceand Engineering Technica Documentation /Writing Technica Support Hardware Testing Quaity Assurance and Engineering Technica Documentation/ Writing Technica Support 14

26 Occupation : Engineering Anaysis Engineering Anaysis invoves the appication of scientific anaytic principes and processes to revea the properties and state-of-the-system, device or mechanism under study. Professionas in this occupation are responsibe for carrying out engineering anaysis probems ike stress cacuations, static and dynamic anaysis, therma anaysis, fuid fow anaysis, crash simuation, muti-body dynamics, noise and vibration, etc. Engineers in this group perform anaysis using standard anaysis procedures, finite eement codes or commercia packages ike Nastran, Patran, Hyperworks and ANSYS, etc. Roe of EA Professiona Anayses compex static/dynamic/therma/fuid-fow probems using software toos in the areas of automotive, aerospace, chemica, energy and so on Deivers accurate mechanica anaysis which is incorporated in the overa design Performs fow & therma anaysis at component and system eve Conducts finite eement anaysis of various structura parts Anayses performance and emissions data and documents/presents the resuts Workscosey with design teams to enabe reduced time to market for products Provides support in the assessment and testing of advanced technoogy systems, subsystems and components Pans, organises, conducts and/or monitors engineering activities reating to the anaysis, design, deveopment, fabrication, instaation and modification of systems or system components Deveops theoretica anaysis and system modes for current and future deveopments Interprets trends incuding statistica impications Quaifications and Skis B E/B Tech/MCA (preferaby Mechanica Engineering) Knowedge of computationa fuid dynamics (CFD) packages ike ANSYS, ABAQUS, Fuent, KIVA, GT-Power, FLOWMASTER, AMESIM, Gambit, ICEM- CFD, T-Grid and so on 15

27 Career Map for Engineering Anaysis Head of Company Head of Saes/ Business Deveopment Chief Design Architect/ Chief Engineer - EA Senior Director/ VP/ Vertica Head AVP/Practice Manager/ Director Leadership Leve Principa Design Architect - EA Program Manager Senior Design Lead Engineer/ Design Architect- EA Project Manager Design Lead Engineer - EA Midde Leve Senior Design Engineer - EA Design Engineer EA (SSC/Q 4401) Engineer Trainee (SSC/Q 4202) Entry Leve Engineering Anayst Track 16

28 Occupation : Hardware Deveopment (Incudes VLSI - Embedded/Eectronics - Hardware & Chip Design) Hardware deveopment invoves design of integrated circuits, chips and boards that are incorporated into products and/or product components. Professionas in this occupation appy broad engineering concepts and research techniques and undertake VLSI, embedded eectronics hardware design. They document research and design specifications. They hep faciitate transition of product design and enhancement to fu production/deivery. Roe of Hardware Deveopment Professiona Undertakes schematic entry, circuit design, circuit debugging, simuation, ayout & verification of sma to medium non-compex components of a chip bock Designs and deveops eectronic parts, components or integrated circuitry for eectronic equipment and other hardware systems Works on probems of imited scope, through usage of standard design concepts and principes Uses statistica data anaysis techniques to identify critica performance metrics and imits Quaifications and Skis B E/B Tech preferaby in eectrica/mechanica or eectronics for Hardware Engineer Requires theoretica knowedge of eectronic circuitry Working knowedge of firmware, software and/or embedded systems Common ski sets incude Anaog, Digita, Mixed Signa, HMOS/MOS/ CMOS, PLL, ADC, DAC Strong ski-sets in anaytica probem soving Attention to detai and perseverance are the key skis 17

29 Career Map for Hardware Deveopment Head of Company Head of Saes/ Business Deveopment Director - Technoogy AVP/Director/Hardware Design Unit Head Director - Management Leadership Leve Principa Hardware Engineer/ Consutant Program Manager Senior Technica Lead/Hardware - Architect Project Manager Technica Leader - Hardware Midde Leve Senior Layout Engineer/Mask Designer/ IC Bar Designer Senior Hardware Engineer Hardware Engineer (SSC/Q 4701) Engineer Trainee (SSC/Q 4202) Entry Leve Hardware Deveopment (Chip Design, Board Design and Product Design ) Track 18

30 Occupation : Software Deveopment (Incudes Embedded Software, Appication, Operating Systems, Networking, Protocos-specification based) Software Deveopment roes are responsibe for deveoping software/device drivers/embedded software/operating systems etc. that operate hardware or network environments by companies. Professionas in this occupation use programming/scripting anguages ike C, C++, Java, HTML,.Net, PHP and VB, etc. Roe of Software Deveopment Professiona Captures data and transates and transforms it into a processing anguage Deveops codes from reevant information, schedues, processes and monitors them Deveops specifications and usabiity features of the appications Quaifications and Skis BCA / MCA or Engineer with certification in reevant areas Probem-soving and strong anaytica capabiity Knowedge of programming ogic and SDLC is essentia Functiona skis ike software anguages (Java, C/C++, dot net) are highy essentia for professionas in the Software/Functiona Deveopment tracks 19

31 Career Map for Software Deveopment Head of Company Head of Saes/Business Deveopment Director - Technoogy AVP/Director/ Software Unit Head Director - Management Leadership Leve Principa Software Engineer/Consutant Program Manager Senior Technica Lead/Software Architect Project Manager Technica Leader - Software Midde Leve Senior Software Engineer Software Engineer (SSC/Q 4601) Engineer Trainee (SSC/Q 4202) Entry Leve Software Deveopment (Embedded Software, Appication Software, OS Deveopment, Networking, Protocos - Specification-based) Track 20

32 Occupation : Product Engineering Design Product Engineering Design broady reates to new product deveopment & integration. Professionas in this occupation perform compex assignments pertaining to the design, testing, and assessment of mechanica and eectrica devices using toos, such as Mechanica CAD, Eectronics CAD, etc. They anayse and design the mechanica systems, components and equipment. They aso deveop prototypes for testing, provide feasibiity testing on new designs, and current designs under modification. They ead cross-functiona reviews of product architecture to assure design integrity and compiance with company specifications and recognised industry design practices. Roe of Product Engineering Design Professiona Takes responsibiity for the design, usabiity and aesthetics of a product Creates and revises designs in CAD system foowing drawings, or designs to actua products Interfaces with the engineering and usabiity teams to ensure designs incorporate a aspects of engineering and are tested, practica and impementabe Prepares design specifications, anaysis and recommendations for presentation and approva May be invoved in specifying materias, equipment and suppies required for competion of projects and so on May be responsibe for the design, deveopment and impementation of custom mechanica tooing, fixturing, and associated processes to enabe the handing, assemby or disassemby of parts and components throughout the product ife cyce Quaifications and Skis B E/B Tech/MCA (preferaby Mechanica Engineering) for Software Design Engineer Dipoma (preferaby Mechanica Engineering) for Draftsman Proficiency in use of toos such as CAD, CAE, CATIA Awareness on stages in new product deveopment Working knowedge of mechanica engineering design, mechanics, and materia science concepts and techniques Proficiency in soving engineering probems using anaytica techniques and engineering knowedge such as measurement contro, stress anaysis, finite eement anaysis, or system integration Knowedge on prototyping and testing of products Expertise in sketch and concept deveopment 21

33 Career Map for Product Engineering Design Head of Company Head of Saes/Business Deveopment Chief Design Architect/ Chief Engineer Senior Director/VP/ Vertica Head AVP/Practice Manager/Director/ Deivery Manager Leadership Leve Principa Design Architect Program Manager/ Senior Engineering Manager Senior Design Lead Engineer/ Design Architect Project Manager/ Engineering Manager Design Lead Engineer Midde Leve Senior Design Engineer Design Engineer (SSC/Q 4201) Engineer Trainee SSC/Q 4202) Entry Leve Product Engineering Design Track 22

34 Occupation : Product Manufacturing Support Product Manufacturing Support occupation covers broady product manufacturing and engineering support. Engineers in this group anayse assembies and support manufacturing and engineering. They guide the product design team to meet the functiona objectives and requirements of the users/customers. They are responsibe for manufacturing and other process modeing, Digita Factory - Pant & Faciity Layout, CNC Programming, Tooing & Equipment design, Jigs & Fixtures, Gauges Design. Their objective is to improve asset ife-cyce management and utiisation and to achieve synchronised production and coaborative manufacturing. Roe of PMS Professiona Participates in product design reviews to support product and manufacturing teams Creates and revises designs in CAM system Provides technica support for maintenance of a equipment and tooing Designs, deveops and impements the integration of manufacturing systems, incuding factory contro software, scheduing techniques, simuation and systems appication Coordinates, pans, monitors and reports the activities associated with fow anaysis, design, modeing and impementation of compex manufacturing technoogy for an area Provides manufacturing technica support in process contro and interna certification Coordinates the purchase and appication of machine toos, contros and reated equipment Interfaces with the engineering and usabiity teams to ensure designs incorporate a aspects of engineering and are tested, practica and impementabe Prepares design specifications, anaysis and recommendations for presentation and approva Specifies materias, equipment and suppies required for competion of projects and so on Quaifications and Skis B E/B Tech/MCA (preferaby Mechanica Engineering) for Design Engineer University or technica degree in a manufacturing engineering-reated discipine Use of toos such as CAM, CAE, CATIA Demonstrated knowedge of manufacturing/machining equipment and associated contro systems May be required to work with third party vendors to transate design to manufacturing in some organisations 23

35 Career Map for Product Manufacturing Support Head of Company Head of Saes/Business Deveopment Chief Design Architect/ Chief Engineer - PMS Senior Director/VP/ Vertica Head AVP/Practice Manager/Director/ Deivery Manager Leadership Leve Principa Design Architect - PMS Program Manager/ Senior Engineering Manager Senior Design Lead Engineer/Design Architect- PMS Project Manager/ Engineering Manager Design Lead Engineer - PMS Midde Leve Senior Design Engineer - PMS Design Engineer PMS (SSC/Q 4301) Engineer Trainee (SSC/Q 4202) Entry Leve Product Manufacturing Support Track 24

36 Occupation : Product Marketing Product marketing is the first step of a typica product ife-cyce and hence is a critica aspect of product R&D. This invoves product conceptuaisation and undertaking detaied market research to create product backog or product funne. The professionas working in this profession gather data and undertake exhaustive anaysis incuding competitive anaysis, to gather inteigence and provide inputs to teams invoved in design, manufacturing or management of product ife-cyce. Roe of Product Marketing Professiona Undertakes detai market research into customer trends and behaviour Undertakes anaysis of competitive andscape Performs various anaysis on avaiabe data to gather business inteigence Interprets trends and turns them into inteigent inputs for R&D and Design teams Works cosey with Design and R&D teams to enabe reduced time to market for products Deveops theoretica anaysis and statistica modes for current and future deveopments Quaifications and Skis B Tech and/or and MBA Strong quantitative skis Abiity to undertake independent research, anayse, synthesise and summarise information 25

37 Career Map for Product Marketing Head of Company Head of Saes/Business Deveopment VP - Marketing Leadership Leve AVP - Marketing Product Marketing Manager Product/Soution Anayst Market Research Associate (SSC/Q 4102) Management Trainee SSC/Q 4101 Product Marketing Track Entry Leve Midde Leve 26

38 Occupation : Product Lifecyce Management Product Lifecyce Management at a conceptua eve deas with optimisation of 'creation' processes for product/services or design of production processes, across the enterprise. This heps customers to focus on bringing newer, better and more efficient products and services and enabes ow-risk, high-impact soutions, increase the maturity of the PLM impementation and reaising eary Return-on -Investment (ROI). Peope in these roes are responsibe for heping impement and manage the appropriate PLM package and strategy for an organisation using commercia packages ike Windchi, Teamcenter, Enovia, SAP-PLM and so on. Engineers invoved in PLM manage different versions/reeases of products and engage in customer support. Roe of Product Marketing Professiona Acts as an interface between various teams to provide transitions through the product ife cyce stages Evauates andscape and decides on roadmap and strategy of the product Maintains og of product performance, cient response, risk factors, reguatory compiances, opportunity etc. Works with finance teams to ensure product ine profitabiity and decides on pricing modes Coaborates with corporate marketing to decide on marketing strategies Works with saes team to understand cient requirements and gathers responses Communicates with R&D team for product enhancements, initia testing and so on Works with stakehoders interna and externa to assess partnership opportunities Quaifications and Skis M Tech/MBA in reated areas with B Tech/B E background Good understanding of business operations, strong technica as we as domain knowedge Strong knowedge of product management concepts Strong communication skis and abiity to manage stakehoders 27

39 Career Map for Product Lifecyce Management Head of Company Head of Saes/Business Deveopment Chief Architect - PLM Senior Director/VP/ Vertica Head AVP/Practice Manager/Director Leadership Leve Principa Architect - PLM Program Manager Design Architect - PLM Project Manager Technica Leader - PLM Midde Leve Senior Engineer - PLM Engineer - PLM (SSC/Q 5201) Engineer Trainee (SSC/Q 4202) Entry Leve Product Lifecyce Management Track 28

40 Occupation : R&D (Incudes Fundamenta Research and Appied/Mainstream Research) Fundamenta Research: This group of scientists is responsibe for undertaking research projects in one or more areas with the goa of breaking new ground which coud ead to new or enhanced products or processes. The research is usuay muti-discipinary in nature. Mainstream Research: They work on product innovations and additiona new features. R&D activities typicay ead to patents for the company. Roe of R&D Professiona Researches & deveops work in a speciaised area Works cosey with production, marketing and product management teams to understand usabiity and deveopment requirements Researches techniques that have significant impact on efficiency and effectiveness in product design, cost, performance and manufacturing methods standardisation Works on patent anaysis and submission Executes work pans for experimenta research and production deveopment runs Provides technica soutions to a wide range of difficut probems Quaifications and Skis M Tech / Ph D in areas of speciaisation Creative and innovative with a probem-soving mentaity and hands-on approach to research. Language skis and statistica design skis Requires superb data anaysis skis Thorough understanding of process deveopment of muti-discipinary systems 29

41 Career Map for R&D Career Guide - Engineering and R&D Head of Company Head of Saes/Business Deveopment Senior Director/VP/ Vertica Head Head of Research Leadership Leve Chief Researcher Technica Feow Principa Scientist Senior Scientist Junior Scientist Senior Research Associate Research Associate (SSC/Q 5301) R&D Track Entry Leve Midde Leve 30

42 Occupation : Software Testing Software Testing is done to check if the product meets the specified requirements and produces the desired resuts. In this process, bugs in software product/project are identified. These professionas perform tests, deveop and execute test pans and conduct testing to ensure that quaity outputs are generated. Software Testing has two tracks - vaidation and verification. Vaidation (Functiona) Testing: Professionas in this roe test the software/products as end-users. They test a functiona features to ensure desired resuts. These roes may not require understanding of the code/anguage but ony an understanding of the test pan, common bugs, and the 'success' and 'faiure' scenarios for the appication. Verification (Technica) Testing: Professionas in this roe test the software as deveopers to find and correct the interna code underying the software. They deveop and automate test cases. They understand the interna code and workings of the software or product and can resove and fix bugs. Roe of Software Testing Professiona Deveops and coordinates test pans Documents, reports and tracks software defects - manuay using testing software Conducts software compatibiity tests with programmes, hardware, operating systems, or network environments Specifies, deveops and writes test pans and test scripts, produces test cases, carries out regression testing Uses automated test software appications to test the behaviour, functionaity and integrity of computer software Quaifications and Skis BCA / MCA or Engineer with certification in reevant areas Strong communication skis written and verba Attention to detai and perseverance are the key skis to success at Testing roes 31

43 Career Map for Software Testing Head of Company Head of Saes/Business Deveopment Director - Technoogy Head of Testing Director - Management Leadership Leve Principa Test Architect/ Consutant Program Manager Test Architect Test Project Manager Lead Engineer - Software Testing Midde Leve Senior Test Engineer Tester/Test Engineer-Software (SSC/Q 4901) Engineer Trainee (SSC/Q 4202) Entry Leve Verification Vaidation Tracks 32

44 Occupation : Hardware Testing Hardware testing constitutes verification that a hardware device operates as expected under defined conditions independenty, or as part of a system. This coud aso expand into interoperabiity testing or testing to verify that a device operates as expected when interfacing with other hardware devices. Professionas in this occupation perform tests to see how a newy-designed device wi interact with another device from another vendor or deveoper. This group deveops and executes test pans and conducts testing to ensure quaity outputs are generated. Testing has two tracks - vaidation and verification for both software and hardware. Vaidation (Functiona) Testing: Professionas in this roe test the hardware/products as end-users. They test a functiona features to ensure desired resuts. These roes may not require understanding of the code/anguage but ony an understanding of the test pan, common bugs, and the 'success' and 'faiure' scenarios for the appication. Verification (Technica) Testing: Professionas in this roe test the hardware as deveopers to find and correct the interna code underying the hardware functioning. They deveop and automate test cases. They understand the interna code and workings of the hardware or product and can resove and fix bugs. Roe of Hardware Testing Professiona Prepares test strategy and pan Undertakes test execution, hardware quaity assurance, hardware verification, eectrica / mechanica product testing Configures necessary hardware and operating environments to compete assigned testing Identifies risks and provides risk mitigation strategies and options Reports test resuts and maintains an issues og Anayses information to determine, recommend, and pan ayout, incuding type of computers and periphera equipment modifications Anayses user needs and recommends appropriate hardware Quaifications and Skis B E /B Tech BCA/MCA with certifications Strong communication skis written and verba Attention to detai and perseverance 33

45 Career Map for Hardware Testing Head of Company Head of Saes/Business Deveopment Director - Technoogy Head of Testing Director - Management Leadership Leve Principa Test Architect/ Consutant Program Manager Test Architect Test Project Manager Lead Engineer - Hardware Testing Midde Leve Senior Test Engineer Tester/ Test Engineer Hardware (SSC/Q 5001) Engineer Trainee (SSC/Q 4202) Entry Leve Verification Vaidation Tracks 34

46 Occupation : Quaity Assurance and Engineering QA is the process of designing and impementing the quaity focus of the organisation as a whoe and the processes in particuar. It invoves undertaking severa quaity assurance initiatives such as process re-engineering, statistica quaity contro and other quaity initiatives such as Six-Sigma, Kaizen, etc. Professionas in this occupation conduct schedued and unschedued tests in the areas of integration, performance, etc. QA professionas act as the fina check between the soution deveoped by the appication deveopers and teams that depoy these appications. Roe of QA Professiona Coordinates with operations and support teams to maintain quaity-reated schedues ike audits, records and reports Undertakes audits, process improvements, reduction of non-compiances across severa projects within a unit Assists the project team in estabishing the quaity assurance requirements and ensuring its effective impementation Understands severa quaity frameworks reevant to the organisation and is invoved in panning for certification exercises Appies quaity concepts to depoy statistica approaches for quaity contro Reviews quaity definition toos for use by the organisation Quaifications and Skis B E/B Tech BCA/MCA with certifications in ISO etc. preferred Strong communication skis written and verba Attention to detai and perseverance 35

47 Career Map for Quaity Assurance & Engineering Head of Company Head of Saes/Business Deveopment Head of QA Director Quaity Leadership Leve Senior Manager- Quaity Manager Quaity Team Lead Quaity Senior Quaity Engineer Quaity Engineer (SSC/Q 4801) Engineer Trainee (SSC/Q 4202) Quaity Assurance & Engineering Track Entry Leve Midde Leve 36

48 Occupation : Technica Documentation/Writing Technica Documentation/Writing invoves documenting product or process information, which is technica in nature as per defined interna and externa guideines/reguations/standards. Professionas in this occupation wi typicay write and pubish documentation that describes product definition and specification, design, manufacturing, quaity assurance, product iabiity, product presentation, description of features, functions and interfaces, handing, functionaity and architecture, intended, safe and correct use; service and repair of a technica product or a product under deveopment or use as we as its safe disposa. Activities incude writing, designing and editing proposas, manuas, documents, project artifacts, user handbooks, newsetters, etc. Roe of Technica Documentation Professiona Authors/reviews technica documents for projects Creates/reviews iustrations for documents and presentations Corroborates information against supporting information sources Handes documentation errors Organises materias and undertakes writing assignments in ine with pre set standards for carity, conciseness, stye, and terminoogy and content Maintains record for document and version contro Edits, reviews and standardises prepared materia to meet atest requirements and configurations Confers with customers, vendors and technica SMEs to estabish technica specifications and to determine subject materia to be deveoped for pubication Quaifications and Skis B E/B Tech/MCA Good written communication skis with exceent Engish/Grammar Knowedge Exceent Engish anguage skis (writing, comprehension, editing and verba communication) Knowedge of programming concepts/anguage Good anaytica and Learning skis Information design skis Knowedge of IT projects/concepts Skied in MS Office 37

49 Career Map for Technica Documentation/Writing Head of Company Head of Saes/Business Deveopment Engineering Director Leadership Leve Senior Manager - Technica Documentation Manager -Technica Documentation Lead Technica Writer Senior Technica Writer Technica Writer (SSC/Q 4501) Technica Documentation/ Writing Track Entry Leve Midde Leve 38

50 Occupation : Technica Support Technica support invoves responding to simpe to compex customer queries reated to product design, deveopment or services. It ranges from responding to customer queries, diagnosing and thereby resoving customer issues/bug fixing, and aso acting as a conduit between the customer and the company. Professionas engaged in this occupation act as an interface between the customer and the teams that have designed/deveoped the products or have worked on the services project. They may aso fix bugs and resove basic queries or escaate them to the right team. They are responsibe for effectivey. Roe of Technica Support Professiona Assists customers on a product/service reated queries Receives cas & ogging compaints from customers as per specified standards Estabishes and maintains exceent customer rapport Resoves support tickets in a fast and professiona manner and compies to agreed Service Leve Agreements (SLAs) Ensures a support requests coming in on emais, phones and conversations are ogged in the support system Logs any bugs or feature requests with cient services team and technica support team Provides technica and deveoper support for products/soutions via emai, chat etc. Makes changes based on cient-specifications and company standards for instaations/enhancements Quaifications and Skis B E/B Tech/MCA Exceent interpersona and communication skis Strong communication and customer management skis Good technica understanding of products/services offered by companies Abiity to provide in-depth expanations Basic computer proficiency 39

51 Career Map for Technica Support Head of Company Head of Saes/ Business Deveopment Head of Technica Support Senior Manager - Operations Leadership Leve Manager Operations Assistant Manager - Operations Senior Operations Engineer Escaation Engineer/ Team Lead Network Speciaist Midde Leve Operations Engineer Network Engineer Associate Operations Engineer (SSC/Q 5101) Associate Network Engineer (SSC/Q 5102) Entry Leve Technica Support Track 40

52 Movement to Other Occupations, Sub-Sectors and Industries Given the dynamic range of services that the ER&D sub-sector is increasingy offering to its cients over the industry, there are a variety of roes that empoyees are performing across the entire spectrum of offerings. As such they become a vauabe asset not ony to the ER&D sub-sector, but aso to a the anciary industries they are associated with. For exampe - Someone working with the design division of a company speciaising in automobie ER&D wi be a vauabe asset to automotive industry organisations ike Ford, Daimer, Mahindra, Tata Motors, Ashok Leyand, etc. Simiary, an empoyee with the software deveopment occupation can move to speciaised roes in software deveopment in the aerospace, automotive or consumer eectronics industry. The horizonta career movements from one occupation to another occupation within the sub-sector, to another sub-sector or to another industry occurs typicay at Midde or Leadership eves after a professiona has acquired expertise in one particuar occupation or more than one reated occupations at Entry Leve. However, having said that, since this is a highy speciaised industry, most peope prefer working within the sub-sector itsef. The overa picture for the occupations in the sub-sector is captured beow. Horizonta Movements Occupation To other Occupations To other Sub-Sectors To other Industries Engineering Anaysis Product Manufacturing Support - Aerospace, Automobie Eectronics and Hardware Hardware Deveopment - - Semi-conductor, Consumer Eectronics, Teecom Software Deveopment - ITS, SPD Semi-conductor, Consumer Eectronics, Teecom, Automobie Product Engineering Design Product Lifecyce Management - Aerospace, Automobie, Heavy Machinery Product Manufacturing Support Product Lifecyce Management - Aerospace, Automobie Eectronics and Hardware, Construction Product Marketing - SPD Aerospace, Automobie, Teecom Product Lifecyce Management - SPD Aerospace, Automobie Eectronics and Hardware, Teecom R&D - - Aerospace, Automobie Eectronics and Hardware, Energy Software Testing - ITS - Hardware Testing - - Semi-conductor, Consumer Eectronics, Teecom Quaity Assurance and Engineering Testing ITS, SPD - Technica Documentation/Writing - ITS, SPD - Technica Support - ITS, BPM - 41

53 Some Success Stories in the ER&D Sub-Sector Career Guide Engineering and R&D 42

54 M S RAGHUNATHA Engineering Manager, Infosys Technoogy Entry to IT-BPM Industry After writing a written aptitude test, I received an offer from Infosys, which I accepted. After first four months of rigorous training in technica, domain and soft skis, I was into a project deivering Automotive Designs to a US-based cient. I spent 1.5 years in entry eve. To be frank, I chose this organisation due to its reputation. Certifications/Trainings Undertaken Infosys' interna certifications and trainings have heped me in mutipe occasions to quicky acquire the required technica and domain knowedge. Career Movement and Growth My career grew at a decent pace in Infosys. After my initia 1.5 years at entry eve, I was sent to cient ocation to ead a reativey ow-end project. And over the next few years, as I continued to buid my confidence and pick up more skis, knowedge and expertise, I took up responsibiities of arger and more compex projects, as we as I started eading and mentoring my younger coeagues. First-hand exposure at eary stage of my career to the fu ife-cyce of the designs I did (conceptuaisation, detaied design, reaisation and servicing) was the best thing that has ever happened to me. As I understood the different handers and users of the product better, I was abe to do design better. Learnings for peope ooking forward to enter the IT-BPM Industry Whie speciaisation surey heps, one can never be an expert on something and reax if he/she is expecting growth in a service industry. Everything one earns at any point of time is a foundation for something more, something bigger. Though in most cases it comes down to it, it isn't aways the money. Trustworthiness, Credibiity, Vaues, and Loyaty go a ong way. 43

55 VIKAS MODI Senior Engineering Manager, Infosys Limited Entry to IT-BPM Industry I graduated as a Mechanica Engineer in 1997 from NIT Kurukshetra and then joined Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T), Mumbai as Engineer Trainee. I secured job at L&T as a campus pacement from my engineering coege. I was assigned to Eectrica Business Group (EBG). As part of training, I got exposure to Manufacturing, Design, Saes and Marketing groups for 1 year before I was finay depoyed as a Design Engineer in Too-design department at EBG. Certifications/Trainings Undertaken Dipoma in Financia Management from Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai (NMIMS). Career Movement and Growth From September 1997 to May 2000 I was associated with Larsen & Toubro where I gained rich experience and knowedge in design of Press Toos. My exposure to different roes in manufacturing, design, saes and marketing during my training days aso gave me ot of insight into the functioning of these departments and the requirement of these roes. I joined Infosys Limited in June 2000 as Design Engineer, have grown in the organisation to become Senior Engineering Manager and I am sti going strong with Infosys after 12+ years in the company. My performance couped with guidance from my managers and Interna Training mechanisms at Infosys have heped me in scaing up the adder from Design Engineer to Engineering Anayst to Engineering Lead to Engineering Manager to my current roe as Senior Engineering Manager. Learnings for peope ooking forward to enter the IT-BPM Industry In-house Behavioura programmes at Infosys have heped me grow as an individua and has enabed me in handing different situations, different individuas during the course of my journey at Infosys for past 12 years. In our industry the average age is pretty ow compared to the construction and manufacturing sector. This means that there are more of Generation-Ys we interact with, who are more technoogy-focussed, have a different view-point on the ways to work. 44

56 SWAMINATHAN Technica Project Manager, Mindtree Limited Entry to IT-BPM Industry My entry into IT profession happened in 2000, when I joined Yukthi Datasoft, a vendor for Aspect deveopment as a QA engineer. Looking at my performance, I was then hired by Aspect deveopment as Product Engineer. The roes invoved in me visiting the vendors and hep them with impementing quaity process and metrics to get Right First Time on the deiverabes. Certifications/Trainings Undertaken Scrum, Project management certification from Mindtree, Product Management from Pragmatic Marketing, Executive Programme from IIMB on Strategic Anaysis for Competitive Advantage. Career Movement and Growth In Apri 2001, I joined NextLinx and worked with core team in taking the company towards ISO 9001/2000 certification. I was trained and certified as Interna Quaity Auditor (IQA) to hep me better perform the job. In September 2004, I joined Mindtree td as a Senior Test Engineer. Today after 8.5 years here, I have moved from the roe of Senior Test Engineer to Technica product manager. The key aspect in this growth has been the abiity to aways think beyond just what the roe demanded. There were cases where the confidence that my manager had in me worked wonders to bring out the best. I trave from ITPL to Goba Viage 32 kiometres' commute one way, whie I coud have easiy found another job near to me. The work satisfaction that I get offsets everything ese. Learnings for peope ooking forward to enter the IT-BPM Industry One important thing that I earnt was to keep your eyes open for any new chaenges and opportunities. Adapt yoursef to the situation and rise above. My entire journey has taught me that performance is the key to your growth and no one can take away that from you. The other important aspect is to beieve in you. If that's not there, growth wi be stunted irrespective of the opportunities given. 45