SRF-production and use in CHP-plants, example EU-project RECOMBIO REcovered fuels COMbined with BIOmass. Brussels,

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1 SRF-production and use in CHP-plants, example EU-project RECOMBIO REcovered fuels COMbined with BIOmass Brussels,

2 2 Contents Part 1:Project introduction Part 2:Production of BIOBS in Erftstadt Part 3:Use of BIOBS Part 4:Messages Closing remarks Part 5:Back-up

3 Part 1: Project introduction

4 4 Aims/targets of RECOMBIO Combined use of bio-residues and Solid Recovered Fuels Enlarged fuel basis Increased flexiblity of fuel-producers and users Improved combustion behaviour of fuel mixture Creation of regional fuel markets High efficient combined heat and power generation and high availability using bio-residues and SRF in CHP-plants (> 7.500h/a) Demonstration of a sustainable and short-term available fuel production and utilisation Cost-effective CO 2 -reduction No food or fuel -problematic

5 5 Project RECOMBIO Partners REMONDIS SRF-production + coordination RWE Power SRF-use University Stuttgart lab. and full scale measurements Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe lab. and full scale measurements ECN ash properties, corrosion, fuel characterisation L & T SRF-production Stora SRF-use VTT lab. and full scale measurements Metso additives, corrosion TiTech/TOMRA (Norway) optical sorting technology (NIR) JRC (Belgium) Life Cycle Analyses Turow/PGE (Poland) dissemination Total funding: 4,04 Mio, , two demonstration cases

6 6 Project RECOMBIO Target area in terms of electric efficiency and steam temperature Electric efficiency, % Ultra super critical coal fired PF 700 C, 330 bar Super critical coal fired CFB 580 C, 275 bar TARGET AREA: Coal fired condencing mode power plants 35 BFB CHP for biomass 520 C, 120 bar Biomass combustion CFB 545 C, 165 bar Grate fired CHP for biomass 500 C, 70 bar 20 Grate firing for MSW Steam temperature, C Target area: efficiency > biomass plants and >> municipal solid waste incinerators Fluidised bed for waste Fluidised bed CHP for SRF 470 C, 65 bar Grate fired CHP MSW incinerator 420 C, 60 bar

7 7 Demonstration case Finland: SRF-production in Kerava/Turku SRF-use in Anjalankoski SRF-use SRF-production

8 8 Demonstration case Germany: SRF-production in Erftstadt SRF-use in Wachtberg/Berrenrath SRF-use SRF-production

9 Part 2: Production of BIOBS by in Erftstadt (case Germany)

10 10 Three quality groups of SRF since 1995/1998/2009 BPG SBS BIOBS Brennstoff aus Produktionsspezifischen Gewerbeabfällen SubstitutBrennStoff BIOBrennStoff Source seperated wastes / production residues High calorific fractions (HCF) sorted out from poste-use waste High calorific fractions with a high biogenic content and different biowastes

11 11 SRF-quality BIOBS input materials mechanical-biological treatment plant (MSW) high calorific fraction (HCF MSW ) bulky waste different other wastes composting used wood high calorific fraction (HCF BW ) sreening overflow BIOBS-production BIOBS QA of BIOBS different biowastes Quality Assurance of Input

sorting of HCF Process control SRF-production Process control SRF-storage

12 12 QMS for the production of SRF in Erftstadt Process-chain Acceptance area QA-chain Input control ISO 9001: EFB: RAL-GZ 724 and 727: CEN/TC 343: Positive sorting of HCF Process control SRF-production Process control SRF-storage Product control: Internal and external QMS is the fundament for reliable SRF-qualities

13 13 Online-analysis with NIR-device new position since 04/2012: product stream - 100% New position after promising results of TAMARA-trials (SRF-layer ca. 15 cm)

is not constant during the year (0,10 0,21%), Cl-average NIR

14 14 Online-analysis with NIR-device analytical results of total Cl for BIOBS in comparision Baseline for inorganic Cl is not constant during the year (0,10 0,21%), Cl-average NIR (0,30% ds) and laboratory (0,30% ds, n = 18) are well comparable

15 15 Online-analysis with NIR-device information for the control personnel (examplary lot) BIOBS, Cl [% ds] 1,20 1,10 1,00 0,90 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 Production period: Measured NIR-value Average Limit value according contract Estimated value of inorganic Cl : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :39 Prevention of longer periods with higher Cl-values possible

16 16 Quality of SBS 1 Erftstadt and BIOBS compared to Rhenish lignite (03/2014) Classification code according EN of SBS 1 and BIOBS: NCV: 4; Cl: 2; Hg: 1 Unit Lignite from the Rhine, Mean (Berrenrath/Wachtberg) SBS 1, Mean SBS 2, Mean BIOBS, Mean Short analysis Net. Calorific Value MJ/kg o.s. 10,1 13,2 18,2 11,9 H 2 O % o.s ,8 16,4 24,7 Ash % o.s. 2,5 9,5 10,1 11,0 Chlorine % o.s. 0,02 0,36 0,74 0,23 Volatile % o.s. 23,5 53, ,7 Elementary analysis C % o.s. 30,5 35,3 39,2 32,5 H % o.s. 2,2 4,5 5,6 4,1 O % o.s. 10,3 23,8 26,8 26,2 N % o.s. 0,4 1,4 1,0 1,2 S % o.s. 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,1 Addtional parameters Biogenic C % of TC 0 74, ,4 Chlorides mg/kg d.s Al mg/kg d.s K mg/kg d.s Na mg/kg d.s Pb (50th. Percentile) mg/kg d.s Zn (50th. Percentile) mg/kg d.s. 3,

17 17 Energy specific CO 2 -emissions of different fuels t CO 2 /TJ realistic fossil share CO 2 -reduction: >= 1 (BC) t CO 2 /SBS1 or BIOBS Emission factors of SRF certified according to RAL-GZ

18 Part 3: Use of BIOBS (case Germany)

19 19 Use of BIOBS in CHP-plant Berrenrath CFB combustion system 2 x 166 MW th η CHP = 83% Source: RWE Power Used amount of BIOBS: ca Mg ( ), silo of new feeding system with wrong ratio height / diameter: ca. 1,3

20 20 Location of Berrenrath and Wachtberg in the Rhenish Lignite Mining Area CFB combustion system 2 x 235 MW th η CHP = 81,8% Source: RWE Power Used amount of SRF: ca Mg of BIOBS ( ) and ca Mg of SBS 1 ( ), old feeding system with appropriate ratio height / diameter: <0,5

21 21 Results Life Cycle Assessment of the JRC-EU focus Erftstadt-Berrenrath/Wachtberg Observation of the effects of sorting/treatment in Erftstadt and of the output on combined energetic use of certified SRF in co-incineration plants (brown coal power plants) and residuals from sorting in MSWI`s substantial recycling of plastics, Fe-/Non-iron metals, Regarding all 15 LCA-categories according to ISO and ILCD handbook for compared to using primary resources (brown coal, primary plastics, primary metals, ) production and use of SRF is a successful combination of recycling and resource strategies Demonstration case Finland: improvements for 11 of 15 categories Demonstration case Germany: improvements for 15 of 15 categories, CO 2 - reduction effect ca. 2000g CO 2 /kwh el (by aggregating effects of all measures to the functional unit kwh el ) Treatment technology in Erftstadt (MBS-plant) is a sustainable contribution to reach the environmental aims of modern resource and energy management

22 22 Summary RECOMBIO NIR-technology is the key to produce high-quality fuels based on high calorific waste fractions can be used/developed as an online-analysis-system for NCV, Cl and H 2 O Certified SRF`s (i.e. RAL-GZ 724) guarantee a high quality reliabilty and ensure an environmently friendly use in cement industries and power plants Fuel-quality is the decisive tool for high efficiency About 1t CO 2 reduction/t SBS or BIOBS in brown-coal substitution or Results of external LCA by the JRC Ispra on behalf of the EU-Commission taking into account 15 life cycle impact categories shows environmental sustainability; this means that co-incineration of quality assured SRF is ecologically useful No food or fuel -problematic Production and use of SRF is recommended for other (EU-) countries (i.e. GB, PL) European potential SRF co-incineration cement and power plants: Mio t /a MSW-Incinerators as the last step of modern waste management (ultima ratio)

23 Part 4: Messages

24 24 Messages SRF and Recycling (04/2015) Carefull planning of MSWI-capacities (experiences DE, NL,...) International cooperation to develop resource-infrastructure in EU (waste-collection, sorting, recycling, SRF-production) use existing MSWI/Waste-to-Energy capacities EU-funding for sorting, recycling, SRF-production and efficient technologies (CHP) and not for MSWI-projects with low efficiencies (i.e. EFRE) Re-animation of ETS for CO 2 New European SRF-demonstration projects (Horizon 2020) to support international exchange, Mediterranean MS (i.e. Italy, Spain,...) and to allocate reliable knowledge about innovative technologies (gasification, liquefaction, )

25 Anjalankoski, Finland Thank you for your attention! Thank you to the COM/DG ENER for funding the RECOMBIO-project

26 Part 5: Back-Up

27 27 Waste sorting and SRF-production simplified flow-sheet for BIOBS-production (status 04/2012) Bulky waste feeding screening Fe-/ NFseparation surplus water to WWTP MSW feeding biol. drying residues to MSWI screening Fe-/ NFseparation Fe-/ NFmetals Fe-/ NFseparation Sorting plant (ABA) NIRseparation SRF-plant (AKEA) HCF`s windshifting storage/ loading BIOBS Production specific wastes, biowastes feeding NF-separation Fe-separation Fe-/ NFmetals NIRquality control Secondary size reduction Prior size reductionwindshifting disturbent materials/residues

$28 Windshifting 2 t/h test device and heavy fraction$ ) Reduced energy consumption (fine crushing not

28 28 Windshifting 2 t/h test device and heavy fraction Intentions: 1.) Reduced energy consumption (fine crushing not necessary) 2.) Improved SRF-quality (Cr, Cu, Pb,..., disturbing materials) 3.) Increased recycling rate

29 29 New windshifting-system 2 x 10 t/h since 02/2012: 100% of product stream Positive influence on SRF-quality and recycling rate

30 30 Output as a result of sorting and treatment in Erftstadt 948 t Output ABA/AKEA 2009: ca t/a t t 832 t 191 t t t SBS, BIOBS To MSWI Plastic (PVC) NF-metals / Aluminium Fe-Metals Inert Excess water Drying losses t Residues to MSWI`s are more homogeneous than without sorting/treatment

31 31 CO 2 -effect as a result of sorting and treatment in Erftstadt Contribution of output-streams to CO 2 -reduction ABA/AKEA 2009: t t 191 t ca t/a or 0,55t CO 2 /t Input t SBS, BIOBS To MSWI Plastic (PVC) NF-metals / Aluminium Fe-Metals t Decisive way to increase CO 2 -reduction: increase SRF- and recycling-rates

32 32 Development of Cl-values of SBS Erftstadt Internal / external supervision (n = 1.721, 04/2015) First trials with NIRsorting Effect of German landfill-directive Effect of increasing input competition Start of NIRonline analysis

33 33 Quality development of BIOBS for parameters with slagging-/corrosion-potential (incl. 07/2013) mg/kg ds Mean 2010 Mean 2011 Mean 2012 Mean 2013 Al K Na Cl Chlorides Consequence of adapted recipe, improved QA,...

34 34 Development of Hg-values for BIOBS (incl. 07/2013, n = 119) mg/mj 0,015 0,010 0,005 Median Linear (Median) 80th Perc. Linear (80th Perc.) 0, classification according EN 15359: class 1 for Hg, values comparable to coal

35 35 Development of important factors influencing the SRF-market in Germany (01/2014) Current German RE-legislation counterproductive for ETS and efficient use of SRF

36 36 Location of Berrenrath and Wachtberg in the Rhenish Lignite Mining Area Source: RWE Power

37 37 Market development of SRF/RDF in Germany based on production specific wastes and HCF`s (03/2014) Sum of cement and big power plants stable dominating industrial power plants

38 38 Recommendations to develop a sustainable SRF-market Governmental activities: Implementation of a gradually increasing landfilling tax Implementation of a CO 2 -tax for primary resources to overcome problems of CO 2 -certificate market Support of energy-efficient reliable technologies (CHP) and/or innovative technologies (gasification, liquefaction) to use the potential of SRF also for transport fuels Producers: Activities to achieve/increase acceptance i.e. by implementing reliable QMS (CEN/TC 343) and certification of SRF (i.e. RAL-GZ 724) Producers and users: Intensive cooperation Information of population and (local) politicians

39 How to reach the goals the RED without SRF? How to reach the recycling targets without SRF?

EU-project RECOMBIO: Part 3: Project introduction Production of BIOBS in Erftstadt. Part 4: Part 5: Messages Closing remarks Back-up

EU-project RECOMBIO: Part 3: Project introduction Production of BIOBS in Erftstadt. Part 4: Part 5: Messages Closing remarks Back-up EU-project RECOMBIO: Part 1: Part 2: Part 3: Part 4: Part 5: Project introduction Production of BIOBS in Erftstadt Use of BIOBS Messages Closing remarks Back-up Dr.-Ing. Th. Glorius, Final Conference RECOMBIO,