Urban -> an area where lots of people live at a high density. Rural -> People are spread out at a low density

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3 Urban -> an area where lots of people live at a high density Rural -> People are spread out at a low density Statistics Canada introduced the term population centre to more specifically define urban areas. While most people will continue to use everyday terms like village, town, and city, the official term population centre is defined as an area with a population of at least 1000 and a density of 400 or more people per square kilometre.

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5 Population Centres are divided into THREE categories o Small Population Centre Between 1,000 and 29,999 people o Medium Population Centre Between 30,000 and 99,999 people o Large Population Centre 100,000 people or more

6 There are a wide variety of communities in Canada o Hamlet -> Fewer than 200 people (Postville) o Village -> people (Cartwright) o Town ->1,000-10,000 people (Labrador City) o City -> Greater than 10,000 people (Paradise) o Census Metropolitan Area (CMA)-> Greater than 100,000 people (St. John s) Often contains but Urban and Rural areas! All of these communities exist throughout Canada

7 A CMA is made up of one or more neighbouring municipalities located around the urban core Example Toronto o Closely surrounded by which municipalities? o Markham, Oakville, and Mississauga A CMA must have at least 100,000 people total and at least 50,000 in its core Does St. John s and surrounding areas qualify as a CMA???

8 Paradise, NL, with a population of , had a 40.6% increase in population between 2006 and St. John s, with a population of , had an 8.8% increase.

9 Canadians continue to move to CMAs 10 fastest growing CMAs in Canada o Calgary, Alberta o Edmonton, Alberta o Saskatoon, Saskatchewan o Kelowna, BC o Moncton, NB o Vancouver, BC o Toronto, ON o Ottawa-Gatineau, ON o St. John s NL o Brantford, ON

10 The majority of Canadians live in cities WHY? Cities o Provide services for people o Large enough to support universities, sports teams, and other major cultural activities o Source of most technological innovation o Engines of economic growth for their province/territory or even the country

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12 Some people choose to live in rural areas o Most decide to live in urban areas o 81% of Canadians live in large population centres o The three largest are: Toronto Montreal Vancouver o 35% of all Canadians live in these three population centres!!!!

13 Urbanization refers to the growing trend of increasing numbers of people choosing to live in cities. Although China has a significantly larger population than Canada, only 47% of its population lives in urban areas.

14 Canada is one of the largest countries in terms of land area However, it has a small population for its size Why??? Difficult to build cities in many areas o Northern Canada o Swamplands surrounding Hudson Bay Some places are better suited for resource development than city building

15 The Golden Horseshoe region in Southern Ontario and the Montreal region are very popular for settlement Europeans were drawn here for its climate and rich soil Today it is known as Canada s Heartland o Hub of Canada s economic and industrial activity

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20 Natural Systems contributed to western Canada s development Southern BC saw many ports developed o WHY? o Close to Pacific Ocean (Made trade easy)

21 Area also has a moderate climate and plenty of fish stocks Many forests further inland These reasons have lead to the growth of Vancouver and Victoria and they remain very popular

22 20% of Canadians live in scattered rural communities Most of these communities have grown around a primary industry o Fishing, forestry, mining These communities face both major opportunities or major challenges

23 Often provides excellent employment o Leads to opportunities for businesses in that community However, much profit from selling this resource doesn t come back to the community o Back to shareholders of company There is little Accumulation of Capital in resource-based communities Also, resource could run out or demand for it could drop o Lead to serious economic challenges This is the Business Cycle of resource-based communities

24 Many of these small communities struggle during these times o Struggle to retain infrastructure like schools and hospitals Example o Cod Moratorium (1992) o Federal Government placed a moratorium (ban) on cod fishing o Many fish plants and employees without work (moved to larger urban centres)

25 Only a few years ago Labrador City experienced significant economic growth o o Expansion of IOC Potential for junior mining companies such as Alderon Demand for iron ore (used to make steel) soared o Especially from China and India Although this growth is great for the community, there are still challenges o Availability and cost housing

26 With the sudden drop of ore prices the future now seems uncertain. o o o Wabush Mines shut down Expansion on hold Alderon in survival mode New Challenges emerge.. o o o o New workers left with large mortgages and depreciating value. Town of Wabush losing income Local business suffering Concerns about future layoffs, shutdowns etc. o Boom and Bust!!