BREAKBULK Solutions, Trades and Operators

Transcription

1 BREAKBULK Solutions, Trades and Operators April 2006 Dynamar B.V. Noorderkade 2c 1823 CJ Alkmaar Tel: Fax: Website:

2 Contents Page PREFACE...7 CARGO DEFINITIONS...10 BULK...10 GENERAL CARGO...10 BREAKBULK AND NEO-BULK...11 WHERE DOES (THE WORD) BREAKBULK COME FROM?...11 BREAKBULK - SOLUTIONS, TRADES AND OPERATORS...11 CONTAINERISATION...12 PALLETISATION - UNITISATION - SPECIALISATION...13 PENETRATION OF THE CONTAINER...14 BREAKBULK DEMAND DRIVERS...18 SHORTAGE OF BREAKBULK SHIPS?...19 VESSEL CATEGORIES...22 MODERN BREAKBULK SHIPS...24 BREAKBULK SHIPPING, A FLEXIBLE INDUSTRY...25 BOOKING AND CONTRACTS...26 SOLUTIONS - INTRODUCTION...29 CONVENTIONAL LINER CONCEPTS...30 EUROPE-BASED OPERATORS...31 MIDDLE EAST-BASED OPERATORS...33 FAR EAST-BASED OPERATORS...33 AUSTRALASIA-BASED OPERATORS...34 AFRICA-BASED OPERATORS...35 NORTH AMERICA-BASED OPERATORS...35 SOUTH AMERICA-BASED OPERATORS...36 OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY-OPERATORS...36 BARGE CARRIERS...38 INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS...38 SHIP-TO-SHORE LOADING AND DISCHARGING...39 CURRENT CARRIERS AND DEEP-SEA TRADES...39 OTHER BARGE CARRIER APPLICATIONS...40 THE FUTURE OF THE BARGE CARRIER CONCEPT IN LINER SERVICES...40 THE END OF THE LINER LINE?...41 CONTAINERSHIPS AND BREAKBULK...43 METHODS...43 FOREST PRODUCT CARRIERS...44 INTRODUCTION...44 VESSEL CHARACTERISTICS...44 MAJOR FOREST PRODUCTS PLAYERS AND THE CARRIAGE OF OTHER CARGOES...45 OTHER FOREST PRODUCT OPERATORS...45 PRIMARY FOREST PRODUCTS TRADE LANES...46 EXAMPLE CARGOES CARRIED BY FOREST PRODUCTS OPERATORS...46 CONTAINER THREAT TO THE FOREST PRODUCT CARRIERS...47 HEAVY LIFT (AND PROJECT) CARRIERS...48 INTRODUCTION...48 CURRENT HEAVY LIFT CARGOES AND TRADES...49 BREAKBULK ON HEAVY LIFT SHIPS...49 REEFERSHIPS (CONVENTIONAL)...51

3 INTRODUCTION...51 SOME CHILL HISTORY...51 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REEFER MARKET...51 MAIN CONVENTIONAL REEFER SHIP OPERATORS...52 LINER-TYPE SERVICES WITH CONVENTIONAL REEFERSHIPS...53 REEFERSHIP ACTIVITY...55 BANANAS AND BREAKBULK...55 ROLL ON-ROLL OFF - SHIPS AND CONCEPTS...56 DEFINITION...56 RO-RO VESSEL TYPES...56 RO-RO LOADING AND DISCHARGING...57 Doors and Ramps...57 Handling Equipment...59 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RO-RO BREAKBULK...61 RO-RO CARGO VESSELS - EARLY DEVELOPMENT...61 RO-RO CARGO VESSELS - DEEPSEA DEVELOPMENT AND TRADES...62 RO-RO CARGO VESSELS - CURRENT DEEPSEA TRADES...63 RO-RO CARGO VESSELS - SHORTSEA TRADES (SUMMARY)...64 RO-RO CARGO VESSELS - THE FUTURE FOR THE CONCEPT IN DEEPSEA TRADES...64 PURELY ROLLING ON AND ROLLING OFF - THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PCC AND PCTC...67 THE PCTC AS A BREAKBULK SOLUTION...69 THE PCTC BREAKBULK TRADES...70 THE FUTURE OF RO-RO FOR THE CARRIAGE OF BREAKBULK CARGO IN DEEPSEA TRADES...70 OTHER BREAKBULK SOLUTIONS...72 PASSENGER SHIPS...72 DHOWS...72 TRADES - LEGEND...74 ATLANTIC TRADES...75 TRANSPACIFIC TRADES...76 EUROPE-FAR EAST ROUTES II...77 EUROPE-FAR EAST ROUTES II...78 NORTH-SOUTH TRADES: AMERICAS I...79 NORTH-SOUTH TRADES: AMERICAS II...80 NORTH-SOUTH TRADES: AFRICA I...81 NORTH-SOUTH TRADES: AFRICA II...82 NORTH-SOUTH TRADES: AUSTRALASIA...83 CARRIERS PROFILES - OVERVIEW CHIPOLBROK...86 CONTI LINES...88 COSCOL...90 GEARBULK...92 INDOTRANS...94 INTERMARINE...95 NORDANA LINE...97 NYK-HINODE...99 RICKMERS LINIE STAR SHIPPING Atlanticargo STX PAN OCEAN THORESEN THAI WALLENIUS WILHELMSEN American Roll-On Roll-Off Carrier SHORT PROFILES BREAKBULK OPERATORS ASSOCIATED TRANSPORT LINE, LLC CEC LINES LTD...111

4 INTERNATIONAL SHIPHOLDING CORPORATION Forest Lines, Inc Waterman Steamship Corporation SHIPPING CORPORATION OF SAUDIA ARABIA LTD UNITHAI LINE PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED SHORT PROFILES MULTIPURPOSE LINER OPERATIONS SCHOELLER HOLDINGS LTD Austral Asia Line B.V. (and Project Asia Service) New Pacific Shipping THE CHINA NAVIGATION COMPANY LTD (U.K.) Bank Line New Guinea Pacific Line Tasman Orient Line C.V HYUNDAI MERCHANT MARINE CO LTD ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN SHIPPING LINES (IRISL) MACS MARITIME CARRIER SHIPPING GMBH & CO UNITED ARAB SHIPPING COMPANY S.A.G SHORT PROFILES FOREST PRODUCTS CARRIERS KENT LINE INTERNATIONAL LTD WESTWOOD SHIPPING LINES, INC SHORT PROFILES ROLL ON-ROLL OFF OPERATORS ATLANTIC CONTAINER LINE AB ATANTIC RO-RO CARRIERS, INC GLOBAL CONTAINER LINES LIMITED MESSINA LINE NATIONAL SHIPPING CORPORATION OF SAUDI ARABIA SEABOARD MARINE LTD APPENDICES BREAKBULK CARGOES NON-CONTAINERISED GENERAL CARGO IN EUROPEAN MAIN PORTS SINCE German ports & London ports Dutch ports Belgian ports French ports MAJOR BREAKBULK COMMODITIES Largest exporting countries Largest importing countries GENERAL CARGO - BREAKBULK/BOX WEIGHT SHARES PORTS/30 COUNTRIES ACTIVITY REPORT - NUMBER OF SAILINGS PER VESSEL TYPE PER MONTH AND YEAR (2005) Conventional ships Reeferships Ro-Ro Ships Car Carriers (PCC & PCTC) THE OPERATORS ORDERBOOK Dry cargo/general cargo ships Car Carrier (PCC/PCTC) vessels BREAKBULK TRADES NEWS - JANUARY 2003/MARCH CARGO-RELATED CHARTERING TERMS Liner Terms F.I.O.S. (Free In and Out, Stowed) Demurrage GLOSSARY...160

5 SOURCES Overviews, Tables, Summaries Astrakhan Ro-Ro multipurpose ship 65 Barge Carrier commercial operators 40 Breakbulk share in the seaborne general cargo trade 17 Breakbulk shares Hamburg-Le Havre range 17 Brent future prices 19 Dry cargo ships 2005 deliveries, scrappings, orders 21 Dry cargo vessel orderbook deliveries 22 Dry cargo vessel orderbook January General cargo ships dwt development and total fleet 21 General cargo vessel categories 23/24 General cargo vessels age profile 25 Heavy lift capable (over 200 tons) conventional cargo ships - owners/operators 51 Heavy Lift cargoes examples 50 Hybrid Reefer Ships 56 Iron ore - countries and ports 20 Minor bulk 12 Minor bulk ton-mile demand 48 Ro-Ro fleet age profile 66 Ro-Ro ships - Ramp Type distribution 60 Ro-Ro vessel types distribution 64 Ro-Ro vessels on deepsea routes - operators 68 Ro-Ro, PCC/PCTC, Reefers - operated fleet and orderbook 22 US containerised breakbulk commodities 18 US Customs and Border Protection breakbulk definitions 13

6 Breakbulk - Solutions, Trades and Operators Compiled and published by: Dynamar B.V. Noorderkade 2c 1823 CJ ALKMAAR Phone: Fax: info@dynamar.com Authors: Darron Wadey MILT Dirk Visser Managing Editor: Dirk Visser All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without explicit permission of the publisher. While the information contained in this report is presented in good faith, it frequently involves estimates where no current published data is available. This information, believed to be accurate, can therefore not be guaranteed. The publishers cannot accept liability of any errors or omission.

7 PREFACE The arrival of the maritime container 50 years ago (1956) was initially looked at with a mixture of complacency and suspicion by the shipping fraternity. However, after the first Transatlantic container crossing 10 years later, it was quickly felt that the conventional shipment of general cargo (breakbulk) was to become a sunset industry sooner rather than later. With the exception of the (conventional) reefership - in existence since the 1880s - it was during the 1960s that important segments of breakbulk cargo became the subject of specialisation. Driven by the high degree of general cargo unitisation presented by the container, important offshoots from the previous one-concept-fits-all general cargo deepsea vessel emerged: the first specialised OHGC newsprint carrier (Open Hatch Gantry Crane) the first (Ro-Ro) Car Carrier the first ConRo (Container Ro-Ro) the first Barge Carrier In the same period conventional dry cargo vessel operators still persisted in building new, and fine ships, but despite improved cargo handling methods, they were outdated when launched. Although the penetration of the container into the dry cargo trades worldwide has not yet peaked, in the wake of the China Factor breakbulk shipping started flourishing again as well. There are now even fears of a severe shortage of suitable tonnage to carry the breakbulk load! These important developments induced Dynamar to initiate and present this brand new study: Breakbulk - Solutions, Trades and Operators which is all about the present way of carrying breakbulk cargoes by deepsea liner-type shipping services operated by common carriers deploying various kinds of ageing, on occasions, but increasingly very modern and often highly versatile tonnage. Breakbulk The first part of this report goes into the development of breakbulk liner shipping since unitisation, including containerisation, emerged fifty years ago. After having defined what breakbulk is (and what not), topics covered include the initial actions of carriers some 40 years ago to (unsuccessfully) try and turn the tide and, particularly, to escape from the hefty investments containerisation required. The penetration of the container into the liner trade is discussed in depth - an answer is sought on the when and where of the saturation point, and in particular what share of the total seaborne transport of general cargo would be left for breakbulk shipping. The answer is probably not too far away from the containership (98 million)/other general cargo ship (92 million) deadweight tons relation (as of early 2005). Having studied the current breakbulk demand drivers, the report presents an inventory of the current deepsea fleet by deadweight and the orderbook outlook - not only for conventional general cargo ships but for other vessels capable of carrying breakbulk cargoes as well. The various relevant vessel categories are considered and via the famous Liberty and Victory ships, and also the world s first heavy lift carriers, the modern breakbulk liners are discussed. The first section ends with an overview of the individual specific commercial characteristics of the main breakbulk cargo segments and associated booking and contract issues. Solutions The next section of Breakbulk - Solutions, Trades and Operators looks into the ways and means of shipping breakbulk cargoes using different vessel/trade concepts: * Conventional ships * Barge Carri-

8 ers * Container vessels * Forest Products carriers * Reeferships * Heavy Lift carriers * Ro-Ro vessels in each and every aspect, including the latest Pure Truck and Car Carrier developments * Others Each of the chapters in this section has its own, distinct character and those related to the specialisations that emerged in the 1960s can almost be considered as The Story Of. Origin, development, carriers, markets and trades, as well as the future of the concept are part of these write-ups. Trades Several grids by main East-West and North-South route identify common carriers (worldwide) accepting breakbulk cargo, the trade lane in which they operate, the kind of ships they deploy and the frequency offered. More than 110 different entities are featuring in this section. Operators In this section, full profiles are provided on a selection (15) of the world's most prominent breakbulk operators. Fixed contents: corporate history and background, fleet features and details of main trades and services. Furthermore there are short profiles of another 25 operators sorted by four different categories: breakbulk, multipurpose, forest products, Roll on-roll off: amongst others main trade(s) and fleet details by dwt category. The full legal style and address details of each company are given. Appendices The publication concludes with a variety of related information: * Main Breakbulk Cargoes * Major Breakbulk Commodities * 15-year non-containerised general cargo volumes in 12 ports in Europe * Breakbulk/Container general cargo shares of 100 ports in 30 countries * Activity reports: monthly sailings in 2005 from main areas of four vessel types * capacity on order by main operators * 3 years of Breakbulk Trades News * cargo-related chartering terms Any and all information for this publication has been collected, researched and processed in the first quarter of As different sources offer diverging information on similar topics we have endeavoured to provide the most accurate estimates. will soon provide links to the websites of the main breakbulk operators deploying the various vessel types featuring in this report. We trust that you will find Breakbulk - Solutions, Trades and Operators as interesting as the other Dynamar reports so far published as part of our series of (Liner) Shipping Insight-reports*. Breakbulk shipping is a less defined activity than the container liner trade. Please contact us in case you would be interested in more specific, in-depth information on details, which may have been considered to be beyond this general interest publication. *Other titles in the Dynamar series (Liner) Shipping Insight-reports include: - DynaLiners Trades Review - Feedering: Trades and Carriers - Terminal Handling Charges - A bone of contention - Top 50 (Container) Liner Operators - War Risk Dirk Visser Darron Wadey Dynamar B.V. Alkmaar/The Netherlands April 2006