Projection of Natueco farming for 5 years for Small and Marginal farmers

Transcription

1 Projection of Natueco farming for 5 years for Small and Marginal farmers Naramada River behind the Project site Summer Internship At Malpani Trust Bajwada, Nemawar, Khategaon, Dewas Madhya Pradesh By Deepak Goyal & Manoj Sahu (PGDFM ) Indian Institute of Forest Management Nehru Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

2 Introduction: Around 70% of farmer s population in India comes under the category of small (19%) and Marginal farmers (51%), who are having a land holding of around one hectare of land (Booklet No. 434 Agricultural Situation in India: ASIS - 6). And this part of population covers the major proportion of poverty in India. So if we want to improve the farmer s condition then this is the target population because they have the capabilities but not the proper resources to earn their capabilities. Today s world is suffering with three major problems: Less productive use of energy, Less Vital energy in the foods and increasing Poverty. 1. Nowadays Energy consumption is much more to increase the Agricultural productivity but output is very less. Like 10 calories of energy is used to produce 1 calorie of energy. Resources are over utilized to produce comparatively less amount of food. As these resources are limited and we can use them for longer period if we use them optimally according to the actual requirement. 2. Each food has its vital energy that keeps the consumer healthy and strong. An insect attack to the plant only because its vital energy is not sufficient to protect it. A plant deliberately invites the insects to destroy it because it is not worthy to be served to human being. In chemical driven farming we kill the insects and use those plants for feeding which are not healthy enough. 3. Poverty is again a very serious issue in front of the world especially countries like India. We have enough resources to feed our population but they are not getting utilized properly. Most of our population is dependent on farming and if we can stand that population well on its knees then it will become easy to fight with the poverty. Farming is the base from where all the basic need of a person can be satisfied without exploitation. As everybody knows that our mother earth is suffering with the Global Warming and the temperature of the earth is increasing by 2 in the coming years. If the situation remains like this, world is going to face the severe results, so immediate remedies are to be adopted right now so that the damage can be controlled. Soil is getting hard and unfertile because of the heavy use of chemicals in farming. Nutritional Value of the crops which has been declined since last few decades is causing problems in the health of the consumers. Quality content in the fruits and vegetables has been decreased many times over the period of time. Following table shows the decline of nutritional value in some vegetables.

3 Table 1: DECLINE OF MINERAL CONTENT IN SOME VEGETABLES, (PER 100 GRAMS) Cabbage (average) 1992 Calcium mg mg mg Magnesium mg mg mg Iron 1.50 mg 5.70 mg 0.59 mg Lettuce Calcium mg mg mg Magnesium mg mg 9.00 mg Iron 94.oo mg mg mg Spinach calcium mg mg mg Magnesium mg mg mg Iron mg mg 2.70 mg Source: The Healing Power of Minerals by Paul Bergner, Prima Publishing 1997 As one can observe from these figures we are experiencing a dramatic loss in our essential and vital nutrients which keep the population healthy. This loss arises from the erosion and mineral loss inherent in year after year of tilling and monoculture. It is imperative that we implement techniques to revitalize or soil and plants and thereby our own health. Because of this deficiency of nutrients health of the people are declining severely. Many serious deceases have broken out in last few years and the condition is getting worse year after year. The food which we are eating today is not enough to fulfill the body requirement so nutrient quality should be major focus of Agriculture. After a few years when we will think over this issue then there will be no option to go back. At that time situations will be irreversible and the world will face considerable number of deaths due to malnutrition. So proper steps have to be taken now so that we can secure this earth for our future generations. Natueco Science is the solution toward these problem. It can be helpful in solving those three major problems: 1. It encourages the farmers to use their farm inputs like assured supply of water, rain water harvestingtechnique at individual level etc. that reduces the unnecessary consumption of energy in the production of food grains. 2. Food prepared in Natueco farming contains high vital energy as there is no application of any kind of pesticide. If the food is energized properly then there is no chance of any pest attack.

4 3. Natueco science uses all the inputs of farming from the farmer s field only so there is no input cost incurs from the farmers pocket. Farmers get good and healthy harvest of crops which can help him getting prosperity and happiness throughout the life. Poverty mainly occurs due to the lack of Land and Input cost while Natueco provides a way to produce enough for a family of five members in the very small (even quarter acre of area) and with minimum input used. So it can be a good solution for the eradication of poverty. Further Natueco farm create micro climate that can help in reducing the farm temperature up to 3 in the farm area. Live fencing helps in controlling the heavy wind speed that can increase temperature in the area and the plant canopy of live fencing crops helps in maintaining the micro climate. So adoption of this farming technique can save the world from several future problems. And it can also provide the nutrients which are required by the growing population of this world. This document is especially prepared for providing the details of Natueco Farming for the farmers having one hectare of land. As the concept remains same so it can be multiplied for medium and large farmers. Assumptions: Here we are assuming the following situations: Whole field (1 ha.) has been cultivated with chemical farming till date. Farmer having this 1 ha. Land is less educated. He is having the consciousness (not only knowledge) about the Natueco farming.

5 Methodology Initial Planning After leaving the space for home, pond, store room and free place, we will grow Maize, Mustard and Dhaincha equally in the whole remaining area. We have selected a C4 variety of Maize. It is an earliest flowering plant and provides fibers to the soil. Mustard provides lignin while Dhaincha helps in Nitrogen Fixation and also provides fibers and lignin. We will get the seeds of these crops on loan from the fellow farmers for few months. After 63 days these plants will start flowering and we will cut the plants when they are green. Then dry that biomass for 7-8 days and chop them in the size of 3-4 inch and use it for the preparation of Amrut Mitti Beds. It takes 10 days to prepare Amrut Mitti Beds or if we want to prepare the beds earlier then more man labor is required. These leaves are tender so heap matures early in 30 days only. Note: 25% the plants should not be cut at greening stage rather they are to be kept for seeding for the next crops and repay the loan of seed which we have taken from the fellow farmers. These beds will be able to cover 1/4 th of the cultivable land which can further be used for growing the organic crops normally. And this 1/4 th area of Amrut Mitti will be able to produce the crops equivalent to whole area (means 4 times of the normal production). While in the remaining 3/4 th land, again we will sow the seed of Maize, Mustard and Dhaincha which we have collected earlier. Repeating this process whole land will convert into Amrut Mitti in one year of time. As India comes in the Tropical Region, it consists hot climate so in Indian conditions 30% of the organic carbon in the soil converts into CO 2 due to high temperature. So, next year 30% Amrut Mitti will have to be added in order to fulfill the Organic carbon. Then 3 rd year we will prepare Amrut Mitti from the biomass of the crops which are normally grown in the 1 st and 2 nd year. After that farm will be selfsustained and the biomass can be shared with the fellow farmers and neighbors. Allocation of land 1. House: A proper house to accommodate a family of five members. 2. Godown: It is a place to store all the tools and inventory of the farm. 3. Free Space: Space for the kids to play and for free movement. 4. Live fencing (Per Acre): To create micro climate and providing urgent money to the farmer. 5. Rain water Harvesting (Trenches along the fence) - Individual water harvesting structure for the farmers. 6. Pond: To provide assured supply of water 7. Food for land Sugarcane (It provides fiber to the soil and increases its fertility) 8. Cash from Market Vegetables are grown to fetch the money from the market. 9. Grains: Cereal crops for grain purpose. 10. Horticultural Crops To create microclimate in the field to maintain temperature, wind speed and all. Managing nutrients from the deeper part of the soil To generate some monetary support to the farm To increase the beauty of the farm with colorful fruits and vegetables. 11. Herbal Plants (1/4 th area)

6 To create a Process Clinic in the village To develop prestige among the fellow farmers in the village By helping others through farm provides an opportunity of Social welfare work In advance conditions Value addition Unit Farming feed the stomach of the farmer but value addition gives them prosperity in farming. So by establishing a Value Addition Unit he can earn more profit from the same piece of land. Farmer can become the guide to the fellow farmers and seekers He can develop an Eco-tourism center of health center for nearby villages. Processing unit/ Producing Company (PC) Table 2: Allocation of land Allocation of area for 1 ha S Area(sq. Item No. m) 1 House 90 2 Free space 90 3 Godown Pond Live fencing Trenches Grains Horticulture Vegetables Pulses Oilseeds Spices 667 Total 10000

7 Figure 1: Farm Map prepared on the basis of scale of allocated land This is the MAP of the farm that has been prepared on the basis of the scale covering all the portion of the farm as allocated in the Table -1. First of all there are trenches all around the field for the purpose of rain water harvesting. After that Live fencing has been shown which is prepared separately for every acre of land. Free space has been allocated near the farm area for children to play and for guest and other purposes. Then cow has been shown near the free space so that it can be taken care of with the owner of the farm. Projection First Year of Farming: Initial Investment/ One Time Investment: First of all we will have to calculate the initial cost of live fencing and trenches and pond in the farm. This is one time investment only and which will be beneficial for longer period of time.

8 Table 3: Initial Expenditure in First Year Initial Expenditure Particular Quantity (kg) Rate Amount (Rs.) Wire Fencing Earlier Earlier Live Fencing Rate Crops Trenches Digging 8 Hours 700 Rs./Hr.* 5600 Pond 225 m Rs/100 m Total Cost *according to approximate standard rates as of 2013 We have used the data of live fencing cost from the following table: Table 4: Cost of Live Fencing Costing of Live Fencing Plant Quantity Rate Cost (Rs) Planting distance (m) Bamboo Cluster ' Banana Clusters ' Drumstick ' Gliricidia 0 5' Guava ' Jatropa ' Lemon Grass ' Meeta Neem/ Kadi Patha ' Papaya ' Mulberry ' Singapore Cherry ' Vettiver ' Zendu ' Deshi Gulab 5 0 Ambadi ' Tulsi 0 Kadukaraita ' Ajvaine ' Cork tree 0 15' African Dhencha-shevri 0 10' Croron ' Aloe vera ' Total Live fencing will provide us income as the plants will get matured so following table shows the income generated from the live fencing crops in the duration of one year. It is also known as ATM (All Time Money) for the farmers as it can provide them money whenever they require it.

9 Income from the live fencing Plant Quantity Rate Cost (Rs) yield period of production/maturity lifetime of plant price Total African Dhencha-shevri 0 0 Ajvaine Aloe vera Ambadi Bamboo Cluster Banana Clusters Cork tree 0 0 Croron Deshi Gulab Drumstick Gliricidia 0 0 Guava Jatropa Kadukaraita Lemon Grass Meeta Neem/ Kadi Patha Mulberry Papaya Singapore Cherry Tulsi 0 0 Vettiver Zendu Sum *All rates as per approximate market price as of 2013

10 Preparation of Amrut Mitti: As we can see from the land allocation table, after leaving the area for house, free space, godown, pond and live fencing, we are left with 8000 m 2 (2 Acre)area in which we will have to prepare Amrut Mitti first. For preparing Amrut Mitti we saw Maize, Dhaincha and Mustard in the whole 2 Acre area and then after 63 days we will cut it green, make it dry, chop it in the size of 3-4 inches and then start preparing the Amrut Mitti Heap. This way we are able to prepare 262 heaps which are sufficient to cover.87 acre of land. This area now can be used for the normal Natueco crop production which will yield almost 4 times of the normally grown crops. For remaining 1.13 Acre of Land we will have to repeat the process again and this time we will prepare 279 heaps and after that additional.93 Acre of land will be converted into Amrut Mitti. Now only.2 Acre of land is remaining, so now it can be prepared with the dry biomass of the existing crop on the farm. So by this way in three rounds we have converted the whole 2 Acre cultivable plot into the Amrut Mitti without using anything from outside the farm The land which is converted into Amrut Mitti after 1 st round can be used to grow the crops afterwards so we can grow crops in that area and can use it for 2 remaining seasons. The higher yield on Amrut Mitti will compensate for the loss of one crop during production of bio-mass for Amrut Mitti. Overall, it ll not be loss but more beneficial for farmer even in first year. Table 5: Total Cost of Amrut Mitti Preparation Total Cost of Amrut Mitti Preparation 1st Round nd Round rd Round Total Cost Details of all the rounds of Amrut Mitti Preparation have been given in the following tables.

11 Table 6: First Round of Amrut Mitti Preparation 1st round of Amrut Mitti Preparation Sowing (A) Heap preparation (B) 8000 m 2 Area From 3/4th Area (6000 Sq.mt.)we take green Biomass Crop Quantity Rate Maize Seed 40 Kg Amount (Rs.) Green Biomass 1000 Kg/100 Sq.mt Kg After Drying 25% of Green Biomass Kg Mustard Seed 20 Kg Loan Rest 1/4th (2000 Sq.mt.) Area we take Dry Biomass with grains Dhaincha Seed 10 Kg Direct Dry Biomass 300Kg/100 Sq.mt Kg Labor (Sowing) 2 Days 150Rs/Day 300 Total Dry Biomass Kg Kg Dry Biomass/ Water 1 Irrigation(Rest Rain) 1000 No of Heaps Prepared 262 Rs./Irrigation Heap Labor (Harvesting) Amrut Jal 10 Labor Days 150Rs/Day 1500 Cost of Heap Making (B) 230 Rs./Heap Rs Lit. (4000 Lit./Acre) 0.15 Rs/Lit 1200 Total Cost (A) 4000 Total Cost (A+B) = = Table 7: Calculation of heap Preparation 262 Heaps Prepared in first Round Particular Rate Land Area Land converted into Amrut Mitti by First Sowing 300 heaps/ Acre.87 Acre (3480 Sq.mt.) Remaining Land 1.13 Acre (4520 Sq.mt.)

12 Table 8: 2nd Round of Amrut Mitti Preparation 2nd Round Of Amrut Mitti Preparation Sowing (A) Heap Preparation (B) 1.13 Acre (4520 m 2 ) Area From 3/4th Area (3390 Sq.mt.)we take green Biomass Crop Qty Rate Amount (Rs.) Green Biomass 1000 Kg/100 Sq.mt Kg Maize Seed 23 Kg After Drying (25%) 8475 Kg From earlier Mustard Seed 11.5 Kg Stock Rest 1/4th (1130 Sq.mt.) Area we take Dry Biomass with grains Dhaincha Seed 5.5 Kg Direct Dry Biomass 300Kg/100 Sq.mt Kg Crops grown in Amrut Mitti (3480 Sq.mt.) will provide dry Labor (Sowing) 1 days 150Rs/Day 150 biomass Water 1 Irrigation(Rest Rain) 1000 Rs./Irrigation 1000 Direct Dry Biomass 300Kg/100 Sq.mt Kg Labor (Harvesting) 5 Labor Days 150Rs/Day 750 Total Dry Biomass Kg 80 Kg Dry Biomass/ Total Cost (A) 1900 No of Heaps Prepared Heap 279 Cost of Heap Making (B) 230 Rs./Heap Rs. Total Cost (A+B) = = Table 9: Calculation of Heap Preparation in 2nd Round 279 Heaps Prepared in 2nd Round Particular Rate Land Area Land converted into Amrut Mitti by Second Sowing 300 heaps/ Acre.93 Acre (3720 Sq.) Earlier prepared Amrut Mitti 300 heaps/ Acre.87 Acre (3480 Sq.mt.) Remaining Land 0.2 Acre (800 Sq.mt.) So now for remaining 0.2 Acre we don't require to grow maize, dhaincha and Mustard. Land converted so far can provide us biomass for preparing Amrut Mitti Beds. Table 10: Calculation of Heap Preparation in 3rd Round 3rd Round of Amrut Mitti preparation Heaps Required for.2 Acre Land 300 heaps/ Acre 60 Heaps Cost Of 60 Heaps 230 Rs./Heap 13800

13 Sowing of Crops: Once the Amrut Mitti is prepared we will start sowing the seeds for growing the crops in it. First year as one season has been spent in growing the crops for Amrut Mitti Preparation so now are left with around two seasons, so we will grow vegetables that can provide us the quick cash from the market. Natueco farming also introduces Prosumer Society approach meaning that the producer and consumer should become one and have good relationships. Consumer should visit farm often to see the work of farmer and way of farming. This will ensure right value and respect for the produce. Farmer has a surety of direct guaranteed sale and consumer will have good, healthy food. This way both farmers and consumers will benefit. In such a case farmer will have role equivalent of a life saver like Doctor as he is ensuring good health. Following tables shows the cost and income from the vegetables grown in the prepared Amrut Mitti: Table 11: Cost of seeds of crops grown in first year Area under crop in Quantity for Plant Quantity in kg/acre Rate Cost (Rs) sq. m farm Chilli Bottle gourd Cabbage Cauliflower Potato Tomato beans chouli Lady s finger Brinjal Table 12: Income from the Crops grown in first year Crops Production per acre Production per 1000 sq. m Area crop under Total production Rate per quintal Income Tomato Bottle gourd (Louki) Beans Brinjal + other summer vegetable Lady s finger (Bhindi) Potato Cabbage Cauliflower Chilli

14 At the end of the first year what will be situation of the farmer and how the economic aspects of the farm will be managed has been explained in the next table: Table 13: 1st year Overall Budget 1st Year Overall Budget Expenditure Amount (Rs) Fixed Cost Initial Cost Cost Of Live Fencing Amrut Mitti Preparation Sub Total Variable Cost Cost of crops sown in first year 7614 Labor (Permanent) 4*3500* Labor (Hired) 4*150* Irrigation 6000 Sub Total Total Expenditure Income Crops grown Live fencing Total Income Second Year of Farming: In second year, as we are prepared with the Amrut Mitti now, so we will grow some Horticultural Crops in the field as shown in the Farm Map. Following tables shows the calculation of Cost and Income from Horticultural Crops. Table 14: Cost of Horticultural Crops Horticulture Plant Area per plant (sq. m) Total Number plants of Rate (Rs) Cost (Rs) Papaya 1.5x Banana 1.5x Mossambi* 1.5x Total

15 Among the Horticultural crops, all are varying in their time of maturity and yielding. The moussambi plants will mature in 4 years so till then the same area will be occupied by Banana trees also but with less density. This will enable us to utilize the same area for production even during the time Moussambi is not mature. Afterwards Mossambi will get matured and banana will not be grown in that area. Other than Horticulture, We will grow the crops normally as per our MAP design and area allocation. Following tables shows the cost and income of crops grown: Table 15: Cost of seeds of Crops grown in Second year Grains, Oilseeds, Spices and vegetables Plant Quantity kg/acre in Area under crop in sq. m Rate Quantity farm for Cost (Rs) Wheat Rice Makka Sesame Groundnut Bengal Gram Green Gram Pigeon pea Chilli Ginger Turmeric Fenugreek (methi) Coriander (Dhaniya) Mustard Garlic Bitter gourd Bottle gourd Cabbage Cauliflower Onion Potato Tomato beans chouli Lady s finger Brinjal

16 Table 16: Income from the crops grown in Second year Crops Production per acre Production per 1000 sq. m Area under crop Total production Rate per quintal Income Wheat Rice Maize Sesame Groundnut Bengal Gram (chana) Green Gram (moong) Pigeon pea (Toor) Chilli Ginger Turmeric Fenugreek (methi) Coriander (Dhaniya) Mustard Garlic Tomato Bottle gourd (Louki) Beans Brinjal + other summer vegetable Bitter gourd (Karela) Onion Lady s finger (Bhindi) Potato Cabbage Cauliflower

17 In the second year, we will have to prepare Amrut Mitti again. But this time volume will be 30% of the Amrut we have prepared in First year. Now live fencing, and other fixed cost will not be there. Horticultural crops have been added this year. So this way overall budget of the 2 nd year has been shown in the following table: Table 17: 2nd year Overall budget 3 rd to 5 th Years: 2nd Year Overall Budget Expenditure Fixed Cost Amount (Rs) 30% Of 1st Year Amrut Mitti Preparation Sub Total Variable Cost Horticultural Crops Cost of crops sown in second year Labor (Permanent) 4*3500* Labor (Hired) 4*150* Irrigation 6000 Sub Total Total Expenditure Income Crops grown Live fencing Total Income Profit = In this period of time Horticultural crops will start providing income. Mossambi will provide income in its 4 th year, so during our projection period of five year its income is not considered but it will provide income in later years. Papaya and Banana will start producing fruits from the next year onwards. Following table shows the income from the Horticultural Crops: Table 18: Income from the Horticultural crops Horticulture(first 3-5yrs) Plant Total Number of plants period of maturity in yrs. Yield plant per Rate Income Papaya Banana Mossambi Total

18 Now we are in 3 rd year of Natueco Farming and all the fixed cost now has been covered and only variable costs will be there. Following table shows the Budget of 3-5 years. Table 19: 3-5 Year Overall Budget 3-5th Year Overall Budget Expenditure Variable Cost Horticultural Crops 6000 Cost of crops sown in second year Labor (Permanent) 4*3500* Labor (Hired) 4*150* Irrigation 6000 Total Expenditure Income Horticulture Crops grown Live fencing Total Income Profit = /year After five year profit will further increase as Mossambi will start providing the fruits which has not been covered so far. We have planted 314 Moussambi plants and each producing on avg 40 kg of fruits per year and assuming the selling price to be Rs 20 per Kg so, in subsequent years income will further increase by around 2.5 lakhs/year (314 X 40 X 20) leading to total of ~Rs 11.5 Lacks per year or almost one lac per month which is very good by all standards. This calculation has been done for single tier farming. One can also do multiple tier farming, nursery business and start value addition to increase income up to Rs. 25 lacks per annum. Five L Concept (Living, Learning, Livelihood, Love, Laugh): Other than the income this Natueco farming provide 5 L to the farmers which are very important in a person s life. It generates best possible way for farmers to live where love, laugh fills their life with joy and happiness, livelihood of his family is satisfied properly. It also provides a learning opportunity for betterment in the future. All these 5-L come together and aid them in living a happy, joyous, prosperous and satisfied life at the same time and same place forever. As in the subsequent years the food quality will increase in terms of nutrition content. This will lead to reducing the quantity of food required to fulfil the nutrition for a person. When the quantity of food required for a person will decrease it will eventually lead to decrease the expenditure on food. This will further add up to the prosperity of the whole family of consumer and society.

19 Conclusion: By doing the Natueco farming, we reduce food mile, ecology foot print leading to reducing global warming which is the major issue of the world today. To reduce the entropy of world and eco-system perhaps the only way is to go back to nature within and take care of nature without. Natueco believes in this living principle of co-existence, non-violent, non-exploitive and symbiotic prosperity of human beings. This science is not only of farming but it leads to self-education, learning, developing venture capacity, shifting to Prosumer society. The ultimate genesis of Natueco is to find within the question Who are we? Farming becomes a way of connecting with nature, doing creation everyday which manifests in life as joy. As human being s ultimate purpose is to live happily, Natueco farming provides a way, a path to that kind of life.

20 Appendix Amrut Mitti Costing sr. no Raw material Quantity Rate (Rs.) Total (Rs.) 1 Amrut Jal 400 L Biomass (C 4 plants like maize, bajra, jowar and sugarcane leaves are preferred.) 85 kg (approx.) From field 3 Fine Soil 60 liter Sand 10 kg Seeds (a mix of maize, methi, coriander, gram, mung and spinach 10 gm. per square foot.) 300 gms 50.00/kg 15 6 Labor days Total Cost of Heap Rs. 230 Amrut Jal Costing Material / Quantity Rate (Rs) Total Cost (Rs) Labor ** Fresh dung cow 1 liter 2 2 Cow Urine 1 liter 2 2 Water 110 liter 0 Jaggery * 50 mg 40 2 Labor 1/2 hrs Total cost for 112 liters of Amrut Jal -Rs. 16 Cost of Amrut Jal per liter would be approx. Rs.0.15

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