THE ROLE OF COMPOST IN THE BIO-WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Transcription

1 1 THE ROLE OF COMPOST IN THE BIO-WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY FRANCESCO RAZZA, LORENZO D AVINO, GIOVANNI L ABATE, LUCA LAZZERI LUXEMBOURG 6 th SEPTEMBER 2017

2 VIRTUOUS CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL FOR FOOD WASTE BIOWASTE «GENERATES» ORGANIC MATTER 2 Promote a sustainable agriculture has a huge relevance since agricultural sector represents the ground of bioeconomy Biowaste generates organic matter (compost) Compost contains high proportion of humic substances and it has also implications in GHG balance of crops

3 THE DECLINE OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER (SOM) 58% of SOM consists of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) 3 Most of European soils have less than 2% of SOC in the first 30 cm (JRC, 2010) Some international standards and programs where SOM management is a requirement ISCC Plus [202 Sustainability requirements for the production of biomasses] EN Bio-based product sustainability criteria ISO Sustainability criteria for bioenergy Agenda 2030 ONU 4 per 1000 initiative

4 THE SOM MODEL 4 Soil organic matter stock [1] Hénin-Dupuis equation where k 1, M and k 2 were derived from site specific data biomass compostition and BIT3G crop system ΔSOM = k 1 M - k 2 SOM [1] K 1 : humification constant (i.e. the organic matter that arrives to become humus). Specific for each M M : raw organic matter (dry matter), exogenous organic matter (e.g. compost) and/or crop residues K 2 : mineralization constant (i.e. how much humus is mineralised in CO 2 ). It depends on different parameters like average T, clay and CaCO 3 soil content, agricultural practices

5 ANALYZED CROP SYSTEM (CARDOON) 5 The analysed agricultural system consists of a not irrigated rotation in North-East Sardinia (Italy) repeated until reaching 22 years: 6 year cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var Altilis DC), one year durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. ) one year field bean (Vicia faba cv Minor) and so on. Compost scenario plans for 20 Mg/ha (50% dry matter) compost application before sowing cardoon and 15 Mg/ha on the crop during the 4th year of cultivation Compost application before sowing cardoon In "no compost" scenario the only contribution of OM was represented by the Cardoon aboveground biomass (i.e. 10%) left in soil after harvesting Sown field (no compost scenario)

6 70% reduction SOM and GHG BALANCE RESULTS (Cardoon) 6 Soil Organic Matter Stock (SOMS) variation on average soil (out of 6 soil samples) in 22-years cardoon-durum wheat-field bean cropping system simulation Yearly average GHG balance for one hectare (IPCC 2013, 20 years) Error bars shows C sink and source layout obtained by standard deviations of soil parameters. Compost application allows to increase, on average, the SOMS by the 0.4% per year (dotted line) GHG net balance passes from 1.7 Mg CO 2 eq. (No compost) to 0.5 Mg CO 2 eq. (Compost): -70%

7 BIOWASTE MANAGEMENT IN EU-28: WHERE WE ARE 7 1. Bio-waste* (from municipal waste) annually produced: 96 million of tonnes ( 190 kg/capita/year) 2. About 1/3 of it is recycled into high quality compost and digestate ( 60 kg/capita/year) 3. Realistic potential collectable amount of bio-waste: 77 million of tonnes (i.e. 150 kg/capita/year) 4. Rooms of improvement : 90 kg/capita/year *representing about 40% of municipal solid waste (up to 50%) Data sources: 1 and 2 Siebert S., Bio-Waste Recycling in Europe Against the Backdrop of the Circular Economy Package, ECN Biowaste Recycling in Europe, European Compost Network 3 Barth J., Amlinger F., Favoino E., Siebert S., Kehres B., Gottschall R., Bieker M., Löbig A., Bidlingmaier W., Final Report - Compost production and use in the EU, European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre/ITPS, 2008

8 TAKE HOME MESSAGES 8 Most of European soils suffer of low levels of SOC (less than 2%) and sustainable production of biomass (e.g. no depletion of SOM in soils) is becoming a fundamental requisite of several international standards and programs Bio-waste management is a key topic in the EU waste strategy due to its rilevant share in municipal waste Bio-waste is a valuable resource: use of high quality compost in agriculture has substantial beneficial in SOM management and GHG implication Bio-waste collection and recycling should be further optimized to reach the optimum level of recovery: still 90 kg/capita/year out of 150 kg are not recovered. This would increase the availability of high quality compost * The link between bio-waste management, compost production/use and sustainable biomass production is a key element of both circular-economy and bio-economy Need to increase awareness! *Potential compost demand >> compost availability (see additional slide)

9 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! 9 Any questions? Contacts Francesco Razza Responsabile della Sostenibilità di Gruppo NOVAMONT S.p.A. - European Inventor of the Year 2007 Piazz.le Donegani, Terni - Italy direct line: mobile: fax: skype: f.razza francesco.razza@novamont.com website:

10 What if potential collectable biowaste were fully recycled and compost used in agriculture? 10 EU-28 agricultural land: 174,613,000 ha (1,756,130 km 2 ) 1 Compost application: tonnes (indicative values for cereals) 2 Potential amount of compost in EU-28: 27 million of tonnes per annum 3,4 (rough estimation) agricultural land: 2,300,000 ha % *equal 39% of EU-28 square Data sources: 1 Eurostat «Statistical book on agriculture, forestry and fishery», edizione 2016; 2 Guida all impiego di compost di qualità CIC Siebert S., Bio-Waste Recycling in Europe Against the Backdrop of the Circular Economy Package, ECN Biowaste Recycling in Europe, European Compost Network 4 Barth J., Amlinger F., Favoino E., Siebert S., Kehres B., Gottschall R., Bieker M., Löbig A., Bidlingmaier W., Final Report - Compost production and use in the EU, European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre/ITPS, 2008

11 SOIL PARAMETERS 11