GRAFTING VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS FOR SOIL BORNE DISEASE RESISTANCE
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1 GRAFTNG VEGETABLE SEEDLNGS FOR SOL BORNE DSEASE RESSTANCE Sally A. Miller Department of Plant Pathology ESA November, 202 Knoxville, TN
2 Grafting Vegetables in the Developing World A Multiyear Perspective Critical component of PM packages for solanaceous vegetables Eggplant Tomato PM CRSP Bangladesh, Nepal, Philippines, Kenya, Uganda
3 Major Soil-borne Diseases of Solanaceous Diseases in the Tropics Bacterial wilt Ralstonia solanacearum Widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions Root knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. Also widely distributed
4 Ralstonia solanacearum species complex nfects >50 plant species Wide geographic distribution 6 Biovars 5 Races 2 Divisions Asiaticum Americanum
5 Ralstonia solanacearum - hierarchical classification scheme Taxonomic level Phylotype V Sequevar -2 Nomenclature Origin Asia Americas Africa ndonesia Clone Many Proposed by Prior and Fegan (2005) to predict properties of R. solanacearum
6 Lewis vey et al. Phytopathology 97:67-75 Diversity of R. solanacearum Race Strains the Philippines Province n a Biovar ERC-PCR genotype Phylotype Endoglucanase subgroup Whole pattern Band based Batangas B C E A Laguna D G 2 Neuva Ecija D D H Quezon B D A B Pangasinan B D G B D H 2
7 Diversity of R. solanacearum Race Strains Bangladesh and Nepal Location Phylotype BV BV Bangladesh Jamalpur 9 0 Norsindhi Jessor 0 Comilla 0 2 Bramin Baria 0 2 Hat Hazaria 5 2 Tangail 5 Joydebpur 0 2 Bogra 5 Nepal 9 0 Total 50 5
8 Ralstonia Strain Variation in Uganda Dstrict Wakiso (Kabanyolo) Geographic region No. Strains Biovar Central Mukono Central Kasese Western Jinja Eastern 2 Mbarara Western 2 Lira Northern Masaka Central Strains isolated from soil in tomato fields
9 Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum Highly variable resistance often overcome Significant cultivar x location interactions Virulence not associated with phylogenetic groups Pathoprofiles (LeBeau et al Phytopathology 20) 0 Core TEP lines maintained at AVRDC and NRA Not associated with phylotypes 2 core Rs strains representing phylogenetic groups displayed 6 virulence types on Core TEP lines
10 Bacterial Wilt-Resistant Materials Solanum sisymbriifolium S. torvum S. melongena EG20 S. lycopersicum Hawaii 7996 AVRDC lines classified as BW-resistant 2 CLN tomato AVPP chili pepper 2 eggplant NRA 5 tomato 8 eggplant 6 pepper Bangladesh Eggplant BAR Begun -6, -7, -8 Lalteer 7 varieties Tomato Various Uganda MT56
11 % wilted plants Response of Tomato Genotypes to Ralstonia solanacearum (bv) - Uganda Makerere University 20 TNG- Tengeru 97; MM- Moneymaker; RM- Roma; MGB- Marglobe
12 Utilization of Grafting within PM Packages dentification of pathogen complex in a region Highly resistant rootstock selection for that region Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade) Bangladesh, Nepal S. melongena EG20 (eggplant) - Philippines S. torvum (turkey berry) - Nepal Tomato MT56 Uganda, Kenya Establishing grafting capability Timing/mechanics nfrastructure Training Rainy season PM packages High tunnels Mulching
13 95-99% graft survival Seed rootstock and scion Graft Seedling (-5 leaf stage) ( weeks) ( weeks) Acclimatize Transplant PM CRSP Bangladesh
14 Grafting Tomato in Nepal Solanum torvum rootstock
15 Management of Bacterial Wilt Using Grafted Eggplant
16 % Wilted Plants Bacterial Wilt of Grafted and Nongrafted Eggplant the Philippines Days after Transplanting c bc ab ab a EG20+Abar EG20+Casino Eg20+BLP EG20 Abar Casino BLP
17 Marketable and Total Yield of Grafted and Non-Grafted Eggplant* Cultivar EG20+ Casino Marketable Yield (Kg).9 a 2.8 a Total Yield (Kg) Casino.5 a. a * n absence of bacterial wilt
18 Benefits of Eggplant Grafting - Bangladesh Location (Jessore) Naodagagram Gaidghat Rootstock/ Scion S. s./ Chega Dead plants (%) Harvest time (days) Yield (T/ha) 8. c* 89 a a (25%) Net ncome (US$/ha) 227 (299%) Chega.6 a 60 b b 760 S.s./ Chega 7.5 c* 77 b a (282%) 202 (98%) Chega 27. a 55 c c 50 *Primarily Phoma
19 % wilted plants Management of Bacterial Wilt by Tomato Grafting - Kenya a a Rootstock = MT b High Tunnel 0 0 b b ab Open Field Onyx Grafted Onyx AnnaF Waiganjo-KAR
20 Effect of Grafting and High Tunnels on Tomato Yield -Kenya ab a bc bc c d Waiganjo-KAR =Ungrafted Onyx, 2=Onyx grafted, =Ana FHybrid
21 Managing Tomato RKN by Grafting-Nepal Pokhara (Kaski District) Treatment S. sisymbriifolium + Srijana Srijana Syanjga District Treatment S. sisymbriifolium + Srijana Srijana Yield (Kg/5 plants).6 a 5.8 b Yield (Kg/0 plants) 92.6 a 67.8 b
22 Grafting as an Entrepreneurial Activity Bangladesh Approx BDT = $0 to set up grafting 00 grafts/person/day 2 BDT/seedling = $7.50/day 76.5% of Bangladesh population lives on under $2/day* 57.6% under $2/day in Nepal Women usually spend earned income on food, clothing and school supplies Bangladesh * Nepal
23 Acknowledgments USAD John Bowman Bob Hedlund US Ed Rajotte (PSU) George Norton (VT) R. Muniappan (VT) A. Fayad (VT) Nagendra Subedi (OSU) M. Erbaugh (OSU) Bangladesh R. Karim Y. Mian M. Nahar M. Rahman The Philippines A. Baltazar N. Opina Nepal L. Colovito B.K. Gyawali R. Timila Kenya M. Waiganjo Z. Kinyua Uganda S. Kyamanyua G. Tusiime D. Asiimwe J. Karungi
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