A Study on Farm Households Coping Strategies Against the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: A Study in Cuddalore District
|
|
- Howard Cuthbert Bryant
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Vol. 3, No. 1, January-June 2011: A Study on Farm Households Coping Strategies Against the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: A Study in Cuddalore District V. BHARATHI Research scholar, Department of Economics, Annamalai University. G. RAVI Professor of Economics, Annamalai University. This paper deals with farm households coping agriculture. It outlines the various coping strategies adopted by the farmers in the study area. This paper identified the important coping strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on agriculture. 1. INTRODUCTION Indian climate is dominated by the south-west monsoon, which brings most of the region s precipitation. It is critical for the availability of drinking water and irrigation for agriculture. Agricultural productivity is sensitive to two broad classes of climateinduced effects: (1) direct effects from changes in temperature, precipitation, or carbon dioxide concentrations, and (2) indirect effects through changes in soil moisture and the distribution and frequency of infestation by pests and diseases. Rice and wheat yields could decline considerably with climatic changes (IPCC 1996; 2001). However, the vulnerability of agricultural production to climate change depends not only on the physiological response of the affected plant, but also on the ability of the affected socio-economic systems of production to cope with changes in yield, as well as with changes in the frequency of droughts or floods. The adaptability of farmers in India is severely restricted by the heavy reliance on natural factors and the lack of complementary inputs and institutional support systems. Kumar and Parikh (1998) show that economic impacts would be significant even after accounting for farm-level adaptation. The loss in net revenue at the farm level is estimated to range between 9% and 25% for a temperature rise of 2 C-3.5 C. Sanghi, Mendelsohn, and Dinar (1998) also attempt to incorporate adaptation options while estimating agricultural impacts. They calculate that a 2 C rise in mean temperature and a 7% increase in mean precipitation would reduce net revenues by 12.3% for the country as a whole. Agriculture in the coastal regions of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Karnataka is found to be the most negatively affected. Small losses are also indicated for the major food-grain producing regions of Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh. On the other hand, West Bengal, Orissa, and Andhra Pradesh are predicted to benefit to a small extent from warming. Indian agriculture faces the dual challenge of feeding a billion people in a changing climatic and economic scenario. However, there is not much scope to increase the area under food grains. Switching to other crops is also difficult in regions like West Bengal, where three rice crops are grown in succession through the year. Agriculture is the predominant means of livelihood for a large number of peasant cultivators and agricultural labourers, for whom it is not easy to shift to other occupations. Due to their low financial and technological adaptability, such groups are potentially vulnerable to both climatic changes as well as economic change. Hence, it becomes important to examine the vulnerability to climate change not in isolation but in the context of ongoing economic changes. This translates into a dynamic interpretation of vulnerability and has important implications for developing adaptation strategies. These issues are part of an evolving stream of literature on the concept of double exposure (O Brien and Leichenko 2000). This concept recognizes the synergies between the impacts of two long-term global processes climate change and economic globalization that will have differential consequences across regions, sectors, and social groups. 2. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study deals with farm households coping strategies
2 152 / International Journal of Business Management, Economics and Information Technology Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. The researcher has collected data from the 300 farm households in Mangalore, Parangipettai, and Keerapalayam blocks with the help of interview schedule. The collected data are classified and tabulated with the help of computer programming. The results are interpreted with the help of average analysis. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Data presented in Table 1 indicate the farm size wise respondents coping strategies against the impact of Table 1 Farm Size Wise Respondents Views on Coping Strategies Against the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Variables Marginal Small Medium Large Total Summer ploughing Cultivation of traditional crop varieties Introduction of native grasses for pasture land Delayed sowing Mixed cropping Stocking food during good cropping season Stocking fodder during good cropping season Seasonal migration Rainwater harvesting Watershed management Shift to organic farming Cultivation of drought resistance crops Prevention of run off rainwater Low input agriculture Over depletion of ground water Selling household assets Crop insurance Water rationing Tree plantation Water awareness campaign Indigenous knowledge in weather prediction Replanting failed farms Decreased food consumption Improved farm management Total climate change on agriculture. It can be assessed with the help of 24 factors on a 5 point rating scale. These include summer ploughing, cultivation of traditional crop varieties, introduction of native grasses for pasture land, delayed sowing, mixed cropping, stocking food during good cropping season, stocking fodder during good cropping season, seasonal migration, rainwater harvesting, watershed management, shift to organic farming, cultivation of drought resistance crops, prevention of run off rainwater, low input agriculture, over depletion of ground water, selling household assets, crop insurance, water rationing, tree plantation, water awareness campaign, indigenous knowledge in weather prediction, replanting failed farms, decreased food consumption and improved farm management. Out of the chosen 24 factors of coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture, the respondents rate first order coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in terms of cultivation of traditional crop varieties as per their secure mean score is 4.17 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents rate second order coping strategy terms of water awareness campaign. In this perception, they secure a mean score of 4.06 on a 5-point rating scale. The respondents rate third order coping strategy the form of introduction of native grasses for pasture land as they secure a mean score of 3.99 on a 5 point rating scale. In general, respondents rate fourth order on agriculture in the form of stocking fodder during good cropping season as they secure a mean score of 3.9 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents rate fifth order coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in the form of shift to organic farming as it secures mean score 3.76 on a 5 point rating scale. Regarding, stocking food during good cropping season, the respondents secure a mean score of 3.75 on a 5 point rating scale. It occupies the sixth order on agriculture. The respondents rate the seventh order on agriculture in the form of cultivation of drought resistance crops as their secure mean score is 3.74 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents secure 3.69 as mean score on a 5-point rating scale with respect to their coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in the form of tree plantation. It is the eighth level coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture. The respondents rate the ninth order coping strategy against the impact of
3 A Study on Farm Households Coping Strategies Against the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: / 153 climate change on agriculture in terms of watershed management as they secure a mean score of 3.68 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents rate tenth order on agriculture in the form of indigenous knowledge in weather prediction as they secure a mean score of 3.64 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents rate eleventh order coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in the form of decreased food consumption as they secure a mean score of 3.33 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents secure a mean score of 3.27 on a 5 point rating scale with respect to their coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in terms of improved farm management and it occupies the twelfth order coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture. The respondents rate thirteenth order on agriculture in terms of summer ploughing as they secure mean a score of 3.24 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents rate fourteenth order coping strategy the form of mixed cropping as they secure a mean score of 3.18 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents rate the fifteenth order coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in the form of replanting failed farms as their secure mean score is 3.16 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents secure 3.11 as mean score on a 5-point rating scale with respect to their coping strategy the form of over depletion of ground water. It is the sixteenth level coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture. The respondents rate the seventeenth order coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in terms of seasonal migration as they secure a mean score of 3.09 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents rate eighteenth order coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in the form of rainwater harvesting as they secure a mean score of 2.99 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents rate the ninteenth order coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in the form of prevention of run off rainwater as they secure a mean score of 2.88 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents secure a mean score of 2.85 on a 5 point rating scale with respect to their coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in terms of delayed sowing and it occupies the twentieth order coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture. The respondents rate the twenty first order coping strategy terms of low input agriculture as they secure mean a score of 2.47 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents rate the twenty second order coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in the form of crop insurance as they secure a mean score of 2.38 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents rate the twenty third order coping strategy against the impact of climate change on agriculture in terms of water rationing as they secure mean a score of 2.16 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents rate last order on agriculture in terms of selling household assets as they secure mean a score of 2.1 on a 5 point rating scale. It is interesting to observe among the chosen farm size households that the large farm households occupy the first position with respect to their overall coping agriculture as they secure a mean score of 3.55 on a 5 point rating scale. The medium farm households take the second position with respect to their overall coping agriculture as they secure a mean score of 3.53 on a 5-point rating scale. The small farm households come to the third position in their overall coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture as they secure a mean score of 3.26 on a 5-point rating scale. The marginal farm households are put at the last position with respect to their overall coping agriculture as they secure a mean score of 2.75 on a 5-point rating scale. Data presented in Table 2 indicate the caste wise respondents coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture. The forward caste respondents occupy the first position with respect to their overall coping strategies against the impact of score of 3.54 on a 5 point rating scale. The backward caste respondents take the second position with respect to their views on coping strategy against the impact of score of 3.46 on a 5-point rating scale. The most backward caste respondents come to the third position in their overall coping strategies against the impact of score of 3.17 on a 5-point rating scale. The scheduled caste respondents occupy the last position with respect to their overall coping strategies against the impact of score of 2.92 on a 5-point rating scale.
4 154 / International Journal of Business Management, Economics and Information Technology Table 2 Caste Wise Respondents Views on Coping Strategies Against the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Most Impact Forward Backward backward Scheduled variables caste caste caste caste Total Summer ploughing Cultivation of traditional crop varieties Introduction of native grasses for pasture land Delayed sowing Mixed cropping Stocking food during good cropping season Stocking fodder during good cropping season Seasonal migration Rainwater harvesting Watershed management Shift to organic farming Cultivation of drought resistance crops Prevention of run off rainwater Low input agriculture Over depletion of ground water Selling household assets Crop insurance Water rationing Tree plantation Water awareness campaign Indigenous knowledge in weather prediction Replanting failed farms Degreased food consumption Improved farm management Total Data presented in Table 3 indicates the education wise respondents coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture. The post graduate respondents occupy the first position with respect to their overall coping strategies against the impact of score of 3.85 on a 5 point rating scale. The undergraduate respondents take the second position with respect to their views on coping strategy against secure a mean score of 3.32 on a 5-point rating scale. The secondary level educated respondents come to the third position in their overall coping strategies against secure a mean score of 3.24 on a 5-point rating scale. The primary level educated respondents occupy the fourth position in their overall coping strategies against secure a mean score of 3.07 on a 5-point rating scale. The illiterate respondents are kept at the last position with respect to their overall coping strategies against secure a mean score of 2.92 on a 5-point rating scale. Data presented in Table 4 indicates the age wise respondents coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture. The highest age group respondents occupy the first position with respect to their overall coping strategies against the impact of score of 3.80 on a 5 point rating scale. The respondents in the age group years take the second position with respect to their views on coping strategy against secure a mean score of 3.61 on a 5-point rating scale. The respondents in the age group years come to the third position in their overall coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture as they secure a mean score of 3.43 on a 5-point rating scale. The respondents in the age group years occupy the fourth position in their overall coping agriculture as they secure a mean score of 3.15 on a 5- point rating scale. The lowest age group respondents occupy the last position with respect to their overall coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture as they secure a mean score of 2.38 on a 5-point rating scale. 4. CONCLUSION It could be seen clearly from the above discussion that the respondents have high level coping strategies against the negative impact of climate change on agriculture in terms of cultivation of traditional crop varieties, water awareness campaign, introduction of
5 A Study on Farm Households Coping Strategies Against the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: / 155 Table 3 Education Wise Respondents Views on Coping Strategies Against the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Impact variables Illiterate Primary Secondary Under graduate Post graduate Total Summer ploughing Cultivation of traditional crop varieties Introduction of native grasses for pasture land Delayed sowing Mixed cropping Stocking food during good cropping season Stocking fodder during good cropping season Seasonal migration Rainwater harvesting Watershed management Shift to organic farming Cultivation of drought resistance crops Prevention of run off rainwater Low input agriculture Over depletion of ground water Selling household assets Crop insurance Water rationing Tree plantation Water awareness campaign Indigenous knowledge in weather prediction Replanting failed farms Degreased food consumption Improved farm management Total Table 4 Age Wise Respondents Views on Impact of Climate Change on Farm Households Impact variables years years years years Above 60 years Total Summer ploughing Cultivation of traditional crop varieties Introduction of native grasses for pasture land Delayed sowing Mixed cropping Stocking food during good cropping season Stocking fodder during good cropping season Seasonal migration Rainwater harvesting Watershed management Shift to organic farming Cultivation of drought resistance crops Prevention of run off rainwater Low input agriculture Over depletion of ground water Selling household assets Crop insurance Water rationing Tree plantation Water awareness campaign Indigenous knowledge in weather prediction Replanting failed farms Degreased food consumption Improved farm management Total
6 156 / International Journal of Business Management, Economics and Information Technology native grasses for pasture land, stocking fodder during good cropping season, shift to organic farming, stocking food during good cropping season, cultivation of drought resistance crops, tree plantation, watershed management and indigenous knowledge in weather prediction. The respondents have moderate level coping strategies against the negative impact of climate change on agriculture in terms of decreased food consumption, improved farm management, summer ploughing, mixed cropping, replanting failed farms, over depletion of ground water and seasonal migration. The respondents have low level coping strategies against negative impact of climate change on agriculture in terms of rainwater harvesting, prevention of run off rainwater, delayed sowing, low input agriculture, crop insurance, water rationing and selling household assets. It is concluded that there is a correspondence between caste status of the respondents and their overall coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture on farm households. It could be noted that higher the caste status, higher their overall coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture and the vice versa. It is observed that there is a correspondence between education status of the respondents and their overall coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture on farm households. It could be noted that higher the education status, higher their overall coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture and the vice versa. It is concluded that there is a correspondence between age status of the respondents and their overall coping strategies against the impact of climate change on agriculture on farm households. References Tracks of Storms and Depressions in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, : An Addendum to the Storm Track Atlas ( ). New Delhi, (1996), IMD IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Climate Change, (1995), Impacts, Adaptations, And Mitigation of Climate. Change Scientific-Technical Analyses Cambridge: Cambridge University Press IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), (2001). The Climate Sensitivity of Indian Agriculture In Measuring the Impact of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture, Edited by A. Dinar, R. Mendelsohn, R. Evenson, J. Parikh, A. Sanghi, K. Kumar, J. Mckinsey, and S. Lonergan. Washington DC, (2003), World Bank TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute). Tenth Five-Year Plan: , Volume II: Sectoral Policies and Programmes New Delhi: Planning Commission, Government of India Sanghi A., Mendelsohn R., and Dinar A., (1998). Double Exposure: Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change within the Context of Economic Globalization Global Environmental Change, 10(3), O Brien K. L., and Leichenko R. M., (2003), Ahluwalia I. J. and Little I. M. D. (Eds), 1998 India s Economic Reforms and Development: Essays for Manmohan Singh New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Chadha R., Pohit S., Deardorff A. V., Stern R. M., (1998), The Impact of Trade and Domestic Policy Reforms in India: A CGE Modelling Approach Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. CMIE (Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy), 2000 Profiles of Districts Mumbai: CMIE GoI (Government of India), (1991). Census of India, (1991), Available Online at last accessed on 25 November 2003 Goldin I., Knudsen O., and van der Mensbrugghe D., (1993), Trade Liberalization: Global Economic Implications Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Gulati A., (1998), Indian Agriculture in an Open Economy. In India s Economic Reforms and Development: Essays for Manmohan Singh, Edited by I. J. Ahluwalia and IMD Little New Delhi: Oxford University Press. IMD (India Meteorological Department), (1979).
Adrought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged
www.eprawisdom.com EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review Inno Space (SJIF) Impact Factor(2016) : 6.484 e-issn : 2347-9671, p- ISSN : 2349-0187 Vol - 4,Issue- 12, December 2016 ISI
More informationA STUDY ON PROBLEMS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN CUDDALORE DISTRICT
Research Paper IC Value 2016 : 61.33 SJIF Impact Factor(2017) : 7.144 ISI Impact Factor (2013): 1.259(Dubai) UGC J No :47335 e-issn : 2347-9671 p- ISSN : 2349-0187 EPR International Journal of Economic
More informationAGRICULTURE SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3 MARKS]
AGRICULTURE SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3 MARKS] 1. Distinguish between primitive subsistence farming and intensive subsistence farming. The following are the differences between primitive subsistence
More informationIndia. India Grain Voluntary Update - October 2017
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 10/3/2017 GAIN Report Number:
More informationClimate Change Impact on Paddy Farming in Erode and Tiruchirapalli Districts of Tamil Nadu
Journal of Extension Education Vol. 27 No. 4, 2015 Climate Change Impact on Paddy Farming in Erode and Tiruchirapalli Districts of Tamil Nadu P. Sivaraj 1 and H. Philip 2 ABSTRACT Climate change implies
More informationTrends of Rainfall in Different Sectors of Uttar Pradesh Under Present Scenario of Climate Change
Trends of Rainfall in Different Sectors of Uttar Pradesh Under Present Scenario of Climate Change Krishna Deo, Padmakar Tripathi, Arvind Kumar, Akhilesh Gupta*, K. K. Singh**, S. R. Mishra and Ajit Singh
More informationGender Participation and Role of Women in Livestock Management Practices in Bundelkhand Region of Central India
Gender Participation and Role of Women in Livestock Management Practices in Bundelkhand Region of Central India Seema Mishra*, Satyawati Sharma, Padma Vasudevan, R. K. Bhatt, Sadhna Pandey, Maharaj Singh,
More informationDEPENDENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT: A REGIONAL ANALYSIS. Bal Krishan Research Scholar Centre for study of regional development, JNU, New Delhi
DEPENDENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT: A REGIONAL ANALYSIS Bal Krishan Research Scholar Centre for study of regional development, JNU, New Delhi Abstract After six decade of independence there has been
More informationA COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARGINAL FARMS IN INDIA VIS-A-VIS WEST BENGAL DURING LAST DECADE
Journal of Economic & Social Development, Vol. - XIII, No. 2, Dec. 2017 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARGINAL FARMS IN INDIA VIS-A-VIS WEST BENGAL DURING LAST DECADE Amit Mandal* ISSN 0973-886X Agriculture is
More informationIMPO P RT R AN A C N E C E O F G RO R UN U D N W
Introduction IMPORTANCE OF GROUNDWATER Global Groundwater Situation ACWADAM s database Sources for presentation CGWB, various publications FAO-database Various United Nations publications. UN World Water
More informationhas taken place in western and south-western states, whereas crop specialization has occurred
Trans. Inst. Indian Geographers Joydeep Saha, New Delhi agricultural economy in terms of income, employment and security. Obtaining required secondary data on area under crops, this paper attempts to explore
More informationProgress and Potential of Horticulture in India
Ind. Jn. of Agri.Econ. Vol.63, No.3, July-Sept. 2008 SUBJECT I TRIGGERING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HORTICULTURE CROPS Progress and Potential of Horticulture in India Ramesh Chand, S.S. Raju and
More informationRegional Pattern of Agricultural Growth and Rural Employment in India: Have Small Farmers Benefitted?
Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 26 (Conference Number) 2013 pp 1-11 Regional Pattern of Agricultural Growth and Rural Employment in India: Have Small Farmers Benefitted? M.L. Nithyashree* and
More informationSUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY OF UTTAR PRADESH ABSTRACT
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY OF UTTAR PRADESH ABSTRACT Agriculture is a critical sector of the Indian economy. It forms the backbone of development in the country. An average
More informationDISTRIBUTION OF CROPS AND THEIR REQUIREMENT
DISTRIBUTION OF CROPS AND THEIR REQUIREMENT Cropping Seasons in India Agriculture in India also follows three distinct cropping seasons i.e. rabi, kharif and zaid. Rabi crops are sown from October to December
More informationOCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF RURAL FEMALES IN INDIA AFTER GLOBALIZATION. Simta Rani. Abstract
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF RURAL FEMALES IN INDIA AFTER GLOBALIZATION Simta Rani Research Scholar, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, A central University, Lucknow. Department of Economics, School for
More informationKNOWLEDGE ABOUT DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF RECOMMENDED GUAVA PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES IN BUNDI DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN
Ind. J. Extn. Educ. & R.D. 21 : 209-213, 2013 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF RECOMMENDED GUAVA PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES IN BUNDI DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN G. S. Bangarva*, B. L. Meena**, Arvind Kumar
More informationLabour Demand and Labour-saving Options: A Case of Groundnut Crop in India
Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 24 (Conference Number) 2011 pp 423-428 Labour Demand and Labour-saving Options: A Case of Groundnut Crop in India G. Govindaraj* and A.P. Mishra Directorate
More informationDROUGHT (INDIA) SURINDER KAUR INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
DROUGHT (INDIA) SURINDER KAUR INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT WATER AVAILIBILITY IN INDIA AREA OF THE COUNTRY 32,87,263 SQ. KMs RAINFALL 4000 KM³ SURFACE WATER POTENTIAL 684 KM³ GROUND WATER POTENTIAL
More informationREGIONAL CONVERGENCE IN AGRICULTURE GROWTH IN INDIA: A STATE LEVEL ANALYSIS
REGIONAL CONVERGENCE IN AGRICULTURE GROWTH IN INDIA: A STATE LEVEL ANALYSIS Anju Rani Research Scholar, Dept. of economics, Central University of Haryana Dr. Ranjan Aneja Head, Assistant Professor, Dept.
More informationComparative Study of Marginal Farms in India vis-a-vis West Bengal; Evidences from Last Decade
Economic Affairs, Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 589-598, December 2016 DOI: 10.5958/0976-4666.2016.00073.5 2016 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved Comparative Study of Marginal Farms in India vis-a-vis West
More information1 What are three cropping seasons of India? Explain any one in brief. 2 Discuss three main impacts of globalization on Indian agriculture.
1 What are three cropping seasons of India? Explain any one in brief. 2 Discuss three main impacts of globalization on Indian agriculture. 3.Distinguish between rabi and kharif season? 4. What is Horticulture?
More informationDEMAND FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN INDIA
Agric. Econ. Res. Rev., Vol. 8(2), pp. 7-17 (1995) DEMAND FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN INDIA Praduman Kumar and Mruthyunjaya Division of Agricultural Economics, IARI, New Delhi India is a vast country,
More informationECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COST AND RETURN, AND PROFITABILITY OF SUGARCANE PRODUCTION IN CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
International Journal of Management, IT & Engineering Vol. 7 Issue 8, August 2017, ISSN: 2249-0558 Impact Factor: 7.119 Journal Homepage: Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal
More informationAn Analysis on Problems of Vegetables Marketing in Farmers Market of Jharkhand: A Case Study in Ranchi District
Economic Affairs, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 175-183, March 2017 DOI: 10.5958/2230-7311.2017.00054.X 2017 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved An Analysis on Problems of Vegetables Marketing in Farmers Market
More informationINITIATIVES OF THE MINISTRY UNDER MGNREGA FOR ADDRESSING THE DESERTIFICATION, LAND DEGRADATION & DROUGHT(DLDD) CHALLENGE
INITIATIVES OF THE MINISTRY UNDER MGNREGA FOR ADDRESSING THE DESERTIFICATION, LAND DEGRADATION & DROUGHT(DLDD) CHALLENGE Presented by G.N. Sharma, Irrigation & Soil Engineering Expert, MGNREGA Division,
More informationIndian Horticulture Market Overview
Indian Horticulture Market Overview Indian Horticulture Market Overview Horticulture crops have a significant third and fourth place with around 7.7% and 7.2%, contribution in the gross domestic respectively,
More informationPROGRAMMES AND SCHEMES Monsoon and Crop Sowing Situation during Kharif-2012
PROGRAMMES AND SCHEMES Monsoon and Crop Sowing Situation during Kharif-2012 As per India Meteorological Department (IMD) data SW Monsoon rainfall for the country as a whole during June- September, 2012
More informationAn economic analysis of production of sugarcane under different method of irrigation in Durg division of Chhattisgarh
2018; 6(1): 1389-1393 P-ISSN: 2349 8528 E-ISSN: 2321 4902 IJCS 2018; 6(1): 1389-1393 2018 IJCS Received: 20-11-2017 Accepted: 21-12-2017 Umesh Jaiswal Jayant Nishad AK Koshta Professor, Department of Vijay
More informationInter-Linkages Among Agricultural Research Investment, Agricultural Productivity and Rural Poverty in India
Inter-Linkages Among Agricultural Research Investment, Agricultural Productivity and Rural Poverty in India Kiresur V.R and Melinamani V.P. Paper prepared for presentation at the 12 th EAAE Congress People,
More informationLabour Scarcity and its implication in India Author: Vikram Yogi (pursuing Ph.D in Agricultural economics from IARI New Delhi.)
Labour Scarcity and its implication in India Author: Vikram Yogi (pursuing Ph.D in Agricultural economics from IARI New Delhi.) In India agriculture is the main sector which has employed a major portion
More informationRice Production and Nutrient Management in India
I n d i a Rice Production and Nutrient Management in India By K.N. Tiwari The demand for rice in India is projected at 28 million tonnes (M t) for the year 202 and will require a production level of 3,000
More informationChapter 2 Coverage, Sampling Design and Methodology
Chapter 2 Coverage, Sampling Design and Methodology This study is based on both primary and secondary data pertaining to major edible oilseeds, namely soybean, groundnut, rapeseed-mustard, sesamum and
More informationSocio-Economic Profile of Sugarcane Growers in District Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-776 Volume 6 Number 9 (17) pp. 1217-1229 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/1.546/ijcmas.17.69.148
More informationAn Analysis on Problems of Vegetables Marketing in Farmers Market of Jharkhand - A Case Study in Ranchi District
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive An Analysis on Problems of Vegetables Marketing in Farmers Market of Jharkhand - A Case Study in Ranchi District Tara Shankar and K.M. Singh DAY-NRLM, Patna (Bihar),
More informationKNOWLEDGE OF IMPROVED RICE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BY THE FARMERS IN DUNGARPUR DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN
Raj. J. Extn. Edu. 20 : 97-101, 2012 KNOWLEDGE OF IMPROVED RICE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BY THE FARMERS IN DUNGARPUR DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN Ram Lal Khatik*, B. Bhimawat** and B. Upadhyay*** ABSTRACT India
More informationEconomic implications of land degradation on sustainability and food security in India
Agropedology 23, 13(2), 19-27 Economic implications of land degradation on sustainability and food security in India A. K. VASISHT, R. P. SINGH AND V. C. MATHUR Division of Agricultural Economics, Indian
More informationNeed Additional Information? LEGAL DISCLAIMER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
LEGAL DISCLAIMER This work was implemented as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) hosted by BISA-CIMMYT in South Asia. The views expressed in this
More information22: List of Studies Conducted by Agro-Economic Research Centres
22: List of Studies Conducted by Agro-Economic Research Centres 2006-07 1 India s Global Tea Trade Reducing Share, Declining Competitiveness. 2 Developing India s Strategic Responses to the Global Debate
More informationDying fisheries in a changing environment: A study on livelihood strategies of fishery communities in Mumbai, India.
Dying fisheries in a changing environment: A study on livelihood strategies of fishery communities in Mumbai, India. Sibananda Senapati and Vijaya Gupta National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE)
More informationAgflation and the PDS: Some Issues
WP-2008-009 Agflation and the PDS: Some Issues M.H. Suryanarayana Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai April 2008 http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/wp-2008-009.pdf Agflation and
More informationLANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 12 : 1 January 2012 ISSN
LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
More information1. Introduction. 2. Past Trends of Foodgrains Demand. Growth of Agriculture & Allied and GDP Five Year Agriculture &
Future Scenario of Foodgrains: A Case Study for Gap between Demand and Supply (Rajesh Kumar Vishwakarma, Economist (Transport & Economics), RITES Ltd., Gurgaon) 1. Introduction Foodgrains demand and supply
More informationAn Analysis of Cost and Returns of Sugarcane Production in Krishnagiri District of Tamil Nadu
An Analysis of Cost and Returns of Sugarcane Production in Krishnagiri District of Tamil Nadu *Dr.K.Saravanan M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D Associate Professor of Economics, Kandaswami Kandar s College, Velur-638
More informationAdaptation Measures towards Climate change
Title of the Paper: Understanding Farmers Knowledge, Attitude and Adaptation Measures towards Climate change in Anantapur District of A.P. Dr. K. Ravi Shankar, Senior Scientist (Agril.Extn.) Transfer of
More informationIndian Pulses Market.
Indian Pulses Market Indian Pulses Market India is the largest producer, importer and consumer of pulses, accounting for 25% of global production from 35% of global area under pulses. However, the productivity
More informationInvesting in rural people in India
IFAD/Susan Beccio Investing in rural people in India India s population of approximately 1.3 billion people is composed of several ethnic groups, speaking over 1,000 languages and adherent to six major
More informationSolar pumps for sustainable irrigation Supporting policymakers and enterprises to scale adoption and ensure sustainable use
Solar pumps for sustainable irrigation Supporting policymakers and enterprises to scale adoption and ensure sustainable use Sasmita Patnaik Programme Lead Council on Energy, Environment and Water ISA,
More informationIMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE FOR GROWTH OF INDIAN ECONOMY
IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE FOR GROWTH OF INDIAN ECONOMY Dr. Fulwinder Pal Singh Associate Professor of Economics, Cum Principal SBJS Khalsa College,Satlani Sahib,Amritsar ABSTRACT Agriculture is the backbone
More informationUTILIZATION PATTERN OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND CHANNELS OF WEATHER INFORMATION BY THE RAINFED FARMERS
Indian J. Agric. Res., 47 (3) : 248-252, 2013 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE www.arccjournals.com / indianjournals.com s UTILIZATION PATTERN OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND CHANNELS OF WEATHER INFORMATION
More informationFactors Associated with Sorghum Cultivation under Rice Fallows. R.R. Chapke 1, Sujay Rakshit 2, J.S. Mishra 3 and J.V.
Indian Res. J. Ext. Edu. 11 ( 3 ), September, 2011 67 Factors Associated with Sorghum Cultivation under Rice Fallows R.R. Chapke 1, Sujay Rakshit 2, J.S. Mishra 3 and J.V. Patil 4 1. Sr. Scientist (Agril.
More informationInternational Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. 1 Introduction
Volume 118 No. 24 2018 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Role of Technology in Effective Crop Production; A Study on Paddy Farmers Perception
More informationA Comparative Study on Socio Economic Impact of Bt cotton and Non-Bt cotton Farm Households in Warangal District of Telangana State, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-770 Volume 7 Number 05 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.2054/ijcmas.2018.705.185
More informationImpact evaluation of return on investment due to watershed development project in Ajmer District of Rajasthan
18 (1&2) 109-115, 2017 ISSN 0972-3099 (Print) 2278-5124 (Online) Abstracted and Indexed Impact evaluation of return on investment due to watershed development project in Ajmer District of Rajasthan Vikash
More informationAgricultural Drought Monitoring in India
Agricultural Drought Monitoring in India with special emphasis on NADAMS Government of India Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare Mahalanobis
More informationEstimation of the attributes embedded with the economy of mango enterprise at Malda district of West Bangal, India
Journal of Crop and Weed, 9(2):39-43(2013) Estimation of the attributes embedded with the economy of mango enterprise at Malda district of West Bangal, India J.K. DAS, 1 K. PRADHAN, G. MAZUMDER AND 2 R.
More informationI J R T E R [ISSN:
Crucial Study on the Irrigation & Technological Challenges Faced by the Farmers & its Solution Rahul Dewangan Student, St. Vincent Pallotti College, Raipur (C.G) Contact No-8253057224 Email ID- rahuldewangan245@gmail.com
More informationPearl millet ( Pennisetum typhoids) belongs to the
researcharticle International Journal of Commerce and Business Management (April, 2010) Vol. 3 Issue 1 : 95-99 Costs, returns and profitability of pearl millet production Accepted : March, 2010 ABSTRACT
More informationPrice Spread, Marketing Channel of Banana in Southern Tamil Nadu
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) UGC Approved International Open Access Journal ISSN No: 2456-6470 www.ijtsrd.com Volume - 1 Issue 5 Price Spread, Marketing
More informationChapter 4 Agriculture
Chapter 4 Agriculture Types of Farming Primitive Subsistence Farming Practiced on small patches of land. Involves family/community labour. Uses primitive tools such as hoe, digging sticks etc. Predominance
More informationAchieving self sufficiency in pulse production in India
Achieving self sufficiency in pulse production in India Towards self sufficiency in pulse production On average, over the last three years Indian s consumed approximately 22 million tonnes of pulses per
More informationWater and Climate Resilience Programme (WACREP) South Asia - India
India Water Partnership Water and Climate Resilience Programme (WACREP) South Asia - India South Asia is endowed with vast water resources, which are essential for basic human needs, agriculture, hydropower,
More informationBorlaug Dialogue 2008
Borlaug Dialogue 2008 Managing Climate Change, Agriculture and Rural Poverty Rita Sharma Secretary to Government of India Ministry of Rural Development Des Moines, 16 October 2008 Mahatma Gandhi s Talisman
More informationCrop monitoring and yield forecasting MARS activities in Asia
Crop monitoring and yield forecasting MARS activities in Asia Rémi Lecerf European Commission, Joint Research Centre GLOBCAST dissemination event Conference Centre Albert Borschette Brussels, 30 September
More informationCOTTON unfazed by synthetics
By: Dr P. CHENNAKRISHNAN COTTON unfazed by synthetics Cotton exports from India are on a steady rise year after year. In fact, recently, the Indian government had to ban cotton exports to ensure steady
More informationUnlocking Forest Values for Forest Dependent People. World Bank South Asia Agriculture and Rural Development
Unlocking Forest Values for Forest Dependent People World Bank South Asia Agriculture and Rural Development Key Messages Community-based forestry income could rise from an estimated US$222 million in 2004
More informationCONSTRAINT ANALYSIS OF TRIBAL LIVESTOCK FARMING IN TAMIL NADU
CONSTRAINT ANALYSIS OF TRIBAL LIVESTOCK FARMING IN TAMIL NADU N. Meganathan 1, K.N. Selvakumar 2, M. Prabu 1, A. Serma Saravan Pandian 3 and G. Senthil Kumar 3 Department of Animal Husbandry Economics
More informationOn Farm Investment by Smallholder Farms in Developing Economies: Determinants, Constraints and Opportunities S.Mahendra Dev Director and Vice
On Farm Investment by Smallholder Farms in Developing Economies: Determinants, Constraints and Opportunities S.Mahendra Dev Director and Vice Chancellor, IGIDR, Mumbai, India Contents of the presentation
More informationANH Academy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, June 2016
ANH Academy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20-24 June 2016 Adaptation to Climate Change and the Impacts on Household Food Security Among Rural Farmers in umzinyathi District Municipality of Kwazulu-Natal,
More informationWater-Food-Energy Nexus in the context of groundwater use in India: Experience from three Indian States
Photo: :Tom David van Brazier/IWMI Cakenberghe/IWMI Water-Food-Energy Nexus in the context of groundwater use in India: Experience from three Indian States Aditi Mukherji, IWMI Water for a food-secure
More information6. LAND RESOURCES : AGRICULTURE
6. LAND RESOURCES : AGRICULTURE 38 MT EDUCARE LTD. Q.1 (A) Choose the correct alternative from the brackets and rewrite the statements : 1. India ranks... in the world regarding area under cultivation.
More informationEnergy - Water Nexus INDIA
COAL power PLANTS IN INDIA Energy - Water Nexus INDIA An Insight Into Water & Coal Power Linkages in India Coal Power Plants are water intensive and require water for various processes. Between 2012 &
More informationPublic Expenditures and Subsidies in Indian Surface Irrigation: Who Benefits?
Public Expenditures and Subsidies in Indian Surface Irrigation: Who Benefits? Mona Sur and Dina Umali-Deininger South Asia Rural Development Unit March 5, 2003 India: An overview 1 billion popn,72% rural
More informationInvestigating Agriculture in India From ESRI India Geo-Inquiry Team
Investigating Agriculture in India From ESRI India Geo-Inquiry Team Target Audience: Class 10 Geography Students Time required: 1 hour and 10 Minutes Indicator: Understand the concepts of agriculture in
More informationSibananda Senapati (Research Scholar, NITIE Mumbai Faculty, Chandragupt Institute of Management, Patna) & Prof. Vijaya Gupta (NITIE, Mumbai)
Assessment of Socio-Economic Vulnerability due to Climate Change among Fish Dependent Community from Mumbai, India Sibananda Senapati (Research Scholar, NITIE Mumbai Faculty, Chandragupt Institute of Management,
More informationVasant P. Gandhi Dinesh Jain. Introduction of. Biotechnology in India's. Agriculture. Impact, Performance and Economics. gcggtaaion» XX3ME AHMEDABAP
Vasant P. Gandhi Dinesh Jain Introduction of Biotechnology in India's Agriculture Impact, Performance and Economics 4^ Spri ringer gcggtaaion» XX3ME AHMEDABAP Contents Part I Introduction 1 Introduction
More informationPage 1 of 26 (www.unapcaem.org)
Farm Mechanization in Punjab: Social, Economic and Environmental Implications Gurharminder Singh Sr. Scientific Officer, Punjab State Council for Science & Technology, INDIA Page 1 of 26 () Page 2 of 26
More information* * FCCC/SBSTA/2014/INF.2. United Nations
United Nations FCCC/SBSTA/2014/INF.2 Distr.: General 13 March 2014 English only Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice Fortieth session Bonn, 4 15 June 2014 Item 8 of the provisional agenda
More informationJICA s Support to India (Forestry Sector)
JICA s Support to India (Forestry Sector) January 6, 2015 JICA India office 1 Introduction of JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency President: Akihiko Tanaka Establishment: August 1974 and Reorganized
More informationCHAPTER VI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
CHAPTER VI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION In this chapter, a nutshell description of the study in respect of the summary, conclusion, implication and suggestions for the further research is included. This chapter
More informationDeveloping Socio-Economic Scenarios for India
Developing Socio-Economic Scenarios for India Purnamita Dasgupta Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi National Workshop 1 Objectives To develop alternative socio-economic scenarios that take into consideration
More informationAN ANALYSIS OF AGRICULURAL SCHEMES RUN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA FOR FARMERS: A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT SIRSA
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 7 Issue 5, May 17, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.81 Journal Homepage: Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal
More informationAgrarian Stagnation in Eastern Gangetic Plains. Avinash Kishore IFPRI, New Delhi
Agrarian Stagnation in Eastern Gangetic Plains Avinash Kishore IFPRI, New Delhi Agriculture is stagnant across India 17500 AgGDP of India (2011-12 billion rupees) 17000 16500 CAGR = 2.32% 16000 15500 15000
More informationINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE. Page 1
Page 1 Food and Energy Security for Development in India Ashok Gulati & Kavery Ganguly Presentation at Third IBSA Summit Academic Forum IBSA Partnership for Shared Prosperity and Inclusive Globalization
More information62 Indian Res. J. Ext. Edu. 13 (2), May, Economics of Goat Farming Under Traditional Low Input Production System in Uttar Pradesh
62 Indian Res. J. Ext. Edu. 13 (2), May, 2013 Economics of Goat Farming Under Traditional Low Input Production System in Uttar Pradesh R. Prasad 1, A.K. Singh 2, Lakhan Singh 3 and Atar Singh 4 1. Programme
More informationCHAPTER - IV GROWTH OF AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN PUNJAB STATE AND IN PATIALA DISTRICT
CHAPTER - IV GROWTH OF AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN PUNJAB STATE AND IN PATIALA DISTRICT The horticultural crops e.g. fruits and vegetables play an important role in human nutrition
More informationConstrains Perceived by the Dairy Farmers in Irrigated Ecosystem: A Case Study from Damodar Command Area, West Bengal
www.stmjournals.com Constrains Perceived by the Dairy Farmers in Irrigated Ecosystem: A Case Study from Damodar Command Area, West Bengal R. Bera*, A. Seal, T.H. Das, D. Sarkar National Bureau of Soil
More informationSafe Water Network is recognized as a National Key Resource Center by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation KNOWLEDGE PARTNER GRANT PARTNER
Safe Water Network is recognized as a National Key Resource Center by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation KNOWLEDGE PARTNER GRANT PARTNER 1 Dream of Har Ghar Jal will be realized by 2030:
More informationClimate change and economic changes in India: The impacts on agriculture
Climate change and economic changes in India: The impacts on agriculture Partners: CICERO, IISD, TERI, RUTGERS Supported by Canadian International Development Agency and Government of Norway Agricultural
More informationImpacts and Vulnerabilities to Climate Variability, Change and Extremes. Ms. Suruchi Bhadwal
1 Impacts and Vulnerabilities to Climate Variability, Change and Extremes Ms. Suruchi Bhadwal 2 IPCC Findings: 20th century Increase in global mean temperature by over 0.7 0 C Decrease in snow cover and
More informationMML Lecture. Globalization and Smallholder Farmers
24th Annual Ralph Melville Memorial Lecture delivered at the Annual General Meeting held at the Royal Over-Seas League on 13th December 2006. Globalization and Smallholder Farmers MML Lecture Dr M. Joachim
More informationAnalysis of Perception and Adaptability Strategies of the Farmers to Climate Change in Odisha, India
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com APCBEE Procedia 5 (2013 ) 123 127 ICESD 2013: January 19-20, Dubai, UAE Analysis of Perception and Adaptability Strategies of the Farmers to Climate Change in
More informationDisaster Management in Agriculture
Disaster Management in Agriculture Disaster Management in Agriculture Introduction Human vulnerability to disasters is an age-old phenomenon. Disasters play havoc with people s lives. Their aftermath results
More informationEvaluating Regional Vulnerability to Climate Change: A Case of Saurashtra
Ind. Jn. of Agri. Econ. Vol.67, No.3, July-Sept. 2012 Evaluating Regional Vulnerability to Climate Change: A Case of Saurashtra Deepa B. Hiremath and R.L. Shiyani* I INTRODUCTION Saurashtra is a region
More informationGrowth and Instability in Wheat Production: A Region Wise Analysis of Uttar Pradesh, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 2537-2544 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.312
More informationInter-district disparities in agricultural development in Amravati division of Maharashtra
A U e ISSN-0976-6847 Research Article DOI: 10.15740/HAS/AU/9.3/327-332 Agriculture Update Volume 9 Issue 3 August, 2014 327-332 Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in Inter-district disparities in agricultural
More informationRole of Livestock Husbandry in Livelihood Generation and Sustainability of Small and Marginal Farmers in Moradabad District, Uttra Pradesh, India
ISSN 9-98, Impact Factor: 6.0, Volume 07 Issue 07, July 07, Page - Role of Livestock Husbandry in Livelihood Generation and Sustainability of Small and Marginal Farmers in Moradabad District, Uttra Pradesh,
More informationBENEFITS OF MICRO IRRIGATION SYSTEM SUGAR RECOVERY & PRODUCTIVITY AMIT BHARDWAJ DY. HEAD - INDIAN SUGAR MILLS ASSOCIATION 8 TH OCT, 2013
BENEFITS OF MICRO IRRIGATION SYSTEM SUGAR RECOVERY & PRODUCTIVITY AMIT BHARDWAJ DY. HEAD - INDIAN SUGAR MILLS ASSOCIATION 8 TH OCT, 2013 Flow of Presentation PART I o o Water requirement for sugarcane
More informationDistribution of Owned and Cultivated Land
3 Agriculture Agriculture has been and remains a dominant sector, offering employment and subsistence to a large number of Indian households. However, the discourse surrounding agriculture and issues confronting
More informationSocioeconomic Constraints to Legumes Production in Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems of India
Socioeconomic Constraints to Legumes Production in Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems of India Why only rice? Legumes are also profitable! Where can we grow legumes? T he major problem of the rice-wheat system
More information