Efficacy and Degradation of Field Applied Insecticide Residues to Economically Control Spotted Wing Drosophila in Mature Highbush Blueberry, 2012

Transcription

1 Efficacy and Degradation of Field Applied Insecticide Residues to Economically Control Spotted Wing Drosophila in Mature Highbush Blueberry, 2012 Lynell K. Tanigoshi, B. S. Gerdeman, Wei Yang 1 & G. H. Spitler WSU Mount Vernon Northwestern Washington Research & Extension Center 1 OSU Northwest Research & Extension Center, Aurora, OR

2 SWD is our first direct pest of blueberry and caneberries in Washington and Oregon, 2009 SWD inserting egg into blueberry Question? Kill the chicken or the egg Gerdeman

3 Objectives Determine efficacy of field-aged residues of registered and experimental insecticides to control SWD adults in blueberry. Calibrate the chemigation and test efficacy of micro-sprinklers as a noninvasive method providing residual control of SWD adults in blueberry.

4 Methods and Materials Eight year-old Duke 4-bush plots, unreplicated and randomly selected in 8 rows. 10 treatments applied with a CO 2 backpack sprayer plus UTC. 36 boom, VS nozzles spaced 18 apart and 2, 12 drop-tubes, each equipped with an 8002VS nozzle directed at right angles toward the bush. Boom was calibrated to deliver psi.

5 Lab bioassay method 2 upper leaves /bush x 4 bushes, each pair placed in 100x20 mm Petri dishes, water wick and diet media and 5 SWD adults, 24 hrs exposure to leaf residue.

6 Efficacy of SWD Insecticides on Blueberry Foliage, 2012 Rate Percent Mortality Treatment/form form/acre 1 DAT 3 DAT 6 DAT 7 DAT 8 DAT 9 DAT 10 DAT 14 DAT Brigade WSB 16 oz 95a 71.7ab 90a 87.5b 86.7a 76a 83.1ab 74.4bc Danitol 2.4EC 16 fl oz 100a 70.4ab 100a 95ab 92.3a 82a 95a 95a Mustang Max 4 fl oz 100a 43.8cd 90a 91.4ab 70ab 80.2a 20d 5.6d 1.92 fl Warrior II oz 95a 50bcd 87.9ab 100a 83.1ab 76.7a 64.6bc 85ab Malathion 8 32 fl oz 100a 77.5a 64.6b 0c Delegate WG 6 oz 62.5bc 3.6e 7.1c 0c Entrust 2SC 6.4 fl oz 24.1de 5e 5c 0c Lannate LV 24 fl oz 42.5cd 10e 6.3c 0c Endigo ZC 4.5 fl oz 78.1ab 38.3d 95a 89.7ab 69.2ab 21.7b 48.1c 57.1c Leverage fl oz 83.9ab 65abc 95a 91.9ab 60.6b 90.8a 96.9a 100a Untreated check 5e 0e 0c 0c 0c 0c 0d 0d Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different by Fisher's Protected

7 % Mortality Efficacy of Field-aged Residues to SWD on Blueberry Foliage, DAT 3DAT 7DAT DAT Brigade WSB Danitol 2.4 EC Mustang Max Malathion Delegate WG Entrust 2SC Lannate LV UTC

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9 Objective: Inject SWD insecticides through overhead irrigation cooling system Advantages Non-invasive Increases yield Labor saving Multifunctional (cooling, nutrients?, fungicides?)

10 Field site: 8 year-old, 30 acres of mixed planting Draper, Legacy, Elliott, Liberty and Aurora at PABG, field 06

11 Netafim Supernet Micro-Sprinkler nozzle Water sensitive paper 16 oz sentinel cage in canopy Nozzle Color/Siz e Gray Flow Rate 15.3 GPH PSI Wetted Diameter Long Range LR Wetted Diameter Short Range SR Offset Row Spacing

12 Netafim NMC Pro Irrigation Controller High pressure injector pump, 50 hp well 65 psi. Electric pressure valves in field set at 35 psi.

13 Key to maintaining equal concentration of insecticide across all blocks is that the insecticide injection volume is slaved to the irrigation flow meter, which automatically compensates for block size variability by increasing insecticide flow rates for large blocks while decreasing flow for small blocks.

14 30 acre mixed blueberry field, retrofitted with micro-irrigation system, Salem, OR, 2012 North Block, 500 rows Sectors A,B South, Block, 500 rows Sectors A,B

15 Pressure valve to laterals Aurora block Each row is separated into A and B sectors B 500 A Main subterranean irrigation line

16 nozzles Lines are charged with water prior to injection of insecticide.

17 Sequential movement of insecticide through a single 250 row of blueberries 1 st phase 2 nd phase 3 rd phase 4 th phase 10 minutes 20 minutes drying time 5 th phase 10 minutes 6 th phase 7 th phase

18 % Mortality Efficacy of Mustang 4 fl oz/a when chemigated through micro-sprinklers on field-aged foliage residues DAT 5 DAT A B A B Row 98 Row 102 South Aurora 5 DAT < efficacy in A sectors in both rows compared with B sector

19 % Mortality Efficacy of Danitol fl oz/a when chemigated through micro-sprinklers on field-aged foliage residues DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 0 A B A B Row 98 Row 102 South

20 Resistance management is predicated on the rotation of different MOA insecticides to prevent/delay pest s ability to develop resistance. Mist cooling, early August combined with mistigation in mature late-cultivars (Liberty, Aurora, Elliott). Strategy for IRM founded on effective use of alternation, sequences or rotations of insecticides possessing different MOAs. Pending MRLs of growers targeted foreign markets (variable), the following slide illustrates an effective rotational program from 2012 field research based on the 14 SWD insecticides registered for use in OR and WA blueberries.

21 Treatments Ground Appl. Date Interval Mist Appl. 27-Jul Days Lannate LV + Pristine + Assail 70WP 2-Aug 6 Mustang Max 10-Aug 8 Imidan 70WP 16-Aug 6 Mustang Max 18-Aug Pristine 24-Aug 8 Imidan 70W 30-Aug 6 Sevin XLR Plus 31-Aug Switch 62.5 WG 5-Sep 6 Malathion 8 Aquamul 12-Sep 7 Mustang Max + Pristine 18-Sep 6 Malathion 8 Aquamul 24-Sep 6 Danitol 2.4 EC 3-Oct 9 Delegate WG 9-Oct 6 Danitol 2.4 EC No SWD contaminated fruit was discovered in this block.

22 2013 Research Compare chemical residues on berries delivered by: Airblast Sprayer, Helicopter, Micro-sprinkler (malathion, Mustang Max & Success) Helicopter 0.51 ppm Microsprinkler 0.11 ppm Mustang Max residue 1 DAT Lower berry residue levels could act as a powerful incentive to adopt mistigation technique. Current application frequencies of 5-7 days increase risk of exceeding MRLs for certain target export countries.

23 Summary Micro-sprinklers increase grower flexiblity providing more options for timely field-wide applications given SWD population levels, weather conditions such as wind and rain, harvesting schedules (e.g., domestic vs international markets) without eliminating option to tank mix pesticides. The main challenge is proper calibration of individual irrigation systems to consistently deliver recommended field rates on target, with minimal wash-off and drift of the insecticide (i.e., irrigation systems specialist is key).

24 Netafim supernet nozzles eliminated need for invasive row applications with ground sprayer-tractors. Adult bioassays of foliar-aged residues at 1 and 5 DAT for Mustang Max = 98 & 85%. Danitol 2.4 EC at 1, 5, 7 DAT = 88, 92 & 93%. Micro-sprinkler plots processor reported no SWD larvae with this program.

25 Major Collaborators Jeff Flake Former Grower Relations/Farm Manager Panamerican Berry Growers Salem, OR Paul Walther Irrigation Engineer Stettler Supply Company Salem, OR

26 Acknowledgments Washington State Blueberry Commission Washington State Commission On Pesticide Registration Oregon Agricultural Research Foundation Panamerican Berry Growers (Jeff Flake, Steve Erickson) Wei Yang, OSU Blueberry Extension Agent Charles Coslor FMC Corporation Valent U.S.A.

27 WSU Disclaimer Application of a pesticide to a crop or site that is not on the label is a violation of pesticide law and may subject the applicator to civil penalties up to $7,500. It is your responsibility to check the label before using the product to ensure lawful use and obtain all necessary permits in advance.