IR-4 Western Regional Workshop. Dead Microbial Nematicides

Transcription

1 IR-4 Western Regional Workshop Dead Microbial Nematicides

2 EPA Registered Bionematicides that are Dead Dead = heat-killed or no viable cells in end product Marrone Bio Innovations Majestene % heat-killed Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 cells and spent fermentation media MBI % Chromobacterium subtsugae and spent fermentation media (no viable cells), DF and WDG formulations, not commercially available as a nematicide. Valent BioSciences Corporation DiTera 90% Myrothecium verucarria strain AARC-0255 fermentation solids and solubles. Non-viable, killed microbial composition Marrone

3 Majestene XC Bionematicide New bacterial species of Burkholderia (rinojensis strain A396) Discovered in MBI s discovery screen; isolated from soil; not related to pathogenic species Commercial product contains heat-killed cells, spent fermentation media and associated compounds Aqueous formulation QC for nematode activity Photos courtesy of: Pepper weevil Alton N Sparks, Univ of GA, Boxwood.org; Beet armyworm Clemson Univ. USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Bugwood.org; Western flower thrip Frank Peairs, CO St. Page 3 Univ. Bugwood.org; Cabbage Looper RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bugwood.org; Twospotted spider mite Clemson EDU

4 MAJESTENE Bionematicide Registered in the U.S. Residues are exempt from tolerances 4 hour REI, 0 days to harvest NOP compliant, OMRI listed Photos courtesy of: Pepper weevil Alton N Sparks, Univ of GA, Boxwood.org; Beet armyworm Clemson Univ. USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Bugwood.org; Western flower thrip Frank Peairs, CO St. Page 4 Univ. Bugwood.org; Cabbage Looper RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bugwood.org; Twospotted spider mite Clemson EDU

5 Majestene Reduces Gall Formation and Egg Mass Development Reduction of Gall Formation: Reduces nematode feeding Prevents colony establishment Prevents disruption of plant function Inhibition of egg mass development & hatching Reduction of # of egg masses per gall Direct suppression on egg hatching Causes direct mortality: Dose dependent Kills free living stages Prevents colony establishment 5 Williamson and Gleason, 2003; modified

6 Some Labeled Crops and Controlled Nematode Genera Corn Cotton Cucurbits Tomato/Pepper Soybean Strawberry 2ee labels on potato, onion, cane berries, blueberries, carrots, mint, non-bearing fruit and nut trees, turf Meloidogyne Pratylenchus Criconema Tylenchorhynchus Belonolaimus Helicotylenchus Rotylenchulus Heterodera Radopholus Haplolaimus

7 Micro-Well Nematode Lethality Study USDA Corvallis, OR Meloidogyne chitwoodi % alive hrs 7

8 Root-knot Nematode Counts vs Majestene Concentration via Drip Irrigation 60 y = x r 2 = 0.90 R oot-knot nematode popoulation (no/100 ml root) Majestene concentrations (v/v)

9 Yield y = ln x r 2 = 0.82 Fruit weight (ton/acre) Majestene concentrations (v/v)

10 MBI-304 Bionematicide New species of Chromobacterium (subtsugae) isolated from forest soil from Maryland by Dr. Phyllis Martin of the USDA-ARS C. subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 T Product is dead bacteria plus associated compounds produced in the cells and spent fermentation media DF (WP) and WDG formulations Photos courtesy of: Lygus Entomart; Beet armyworm Clemson Univ. USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Bugwood.org; Western flower thrip Frank Peairs, CO St. Univ. Bugwood.org; citrus leaf miner Center for Invasive Species Research, UC Riverside; : cabbage Looper RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bugwood.org; twospotted spider mite Clemson EDU Page 10

11 MBI-304 Bionematicide Registered in the U.S. and in Mexico but not commercially available as a nematicide Residues are exempt from tolerances 4 hour REI, 0 days to harvest Easy on pollinators and beneficials NOP compliant, OMRI listed Photos courtesy of: Lygus Entomart; Beet armyworm Clemson Univ. USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Bugwood.org; Western flower thrip Frank Peairs, CO St. Univ. Bugwood.org; citrus leaf miner Center for Invasive Species Research, UC Riverside; : cabbage Looper RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bugwood.org; twospotted spider mite Clemson EDU Page 11

12 Product Overview Typical Use Recommendation for Fruiting Vegetables and Strawberries: 2 gal/acre in-furrow spray/drip irrigation at planting or transplanting 1 gal/acre re-applications 3-4 weeks later. Make one to two applications during season. Apply toward the end of a drip irrigation event. Specific instructions for overhead irrigation to maintain a lethal concentration. Page 12

13 Product Overview MBI-304 Typical Use Recommendation for Fruiting Vegetables and Strawberries: Page 13

14 Tomato: Meloidogyne incognita Majestene through drip. One or two applications (30 days apart). Galling index taken at 3 weeks after last application. Agrisol Consulting, Florida

15 Tomato: Meloidogyne incognita Majestene through drip. One or two applications (30 days apart). Counts taken at 3 weeks after last application.. Agrisol Consulting, Florida

16 Strawberry Demo, Plant City, FL 2GPA following fumigation Untreated following fumigation 16

17 Root-knot Nematode Control on Squash NC 2016 # Nematodes/sample 79DAA a a c 600 cd cd 400 e 200 b d 0 UTC Melocon 3 lb. 1 gal AB 2 gal AB 2 lb. A 2 lb. AB 4 lb. A 4 lb. AB 17 A= at planting, B=28 days after planting Biological Applied Research, TBJ

18 Root-knot Nematode Control on Tomatoes NC 2016 # Nematodes/sample 90DA-A 1200 a 1000 ab b c c c c c UTC Melocon 3 lb. 1 gal AB 2 gal AB MBI lb. A MBI lb. AB MBI lb. A MBI lb. AB 18 A= at planting, B=28 days after planting Biological Applied Research, TBJ

19 Best Use and Testing Recommendations for Majestene and MBI-304 Adjuvant Majestene Soil adjuvants are under investigation ph sensitivity?? MBI-304 Soil adjuvants are under investigation Adjust water hardness? Yes for DF if >1000 ppm Application interval Varies by crop Varies by crop Sensitive to water volume Yes and more isn t better. 0.05% v/v or greater concentration Needs confirmation, likely an important variable Tank-mix compatible Generally yes Under investigation Rates per acre (drip) 1-2 gallon/acre 2-4 lbs./acre Rates in-furrow fl. oz./1000 row-ft. 2-4 oz./1000 row-ft. Rates for overhead chemigation gallon/acre in 0.1 irrigation TBD

20 Best Use and Testing Recommendations for Majestene and MBI-304 Majestene MBI-304 Shelf-life 3 years minimum 3 years minimum Timing At plant and in-season At plant and in-season Plant back restrictions None None Rotation No recommendation but compatible with other nematicides No recommendation but compatible with other nematicides

21 Questions? Tim Johnson, PhD VP Field Development and Technical Services IR-4 Western Regional Workshop