Pressure swing conditioning as pre-treatment for chicken manure in the biogas process. Britt Schumacher, Jürgen Pröter, Jan Liebetrau

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1 Pressure swing conditioning as pre-treatment for chicken manure in the biogas process Britt Schumacher, Jürgen Pröter, Jan Liebetrau 3 rd edition of Energy Expo Arena, Record Biomap workshop Innovative solutions for small and medium biogas plants, Ostróda (Poland),

2 DBFZ Development, Mission, Structure Development: Founded on 28 th February 2008 in Berlin as gemeinnützige GmbH Sole shareholder: Federal Republic of Germany, represented by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) Mission: The key scientific mission of the DBFZ is to provide wide-ranging support for the efficient integration of biomass as a valuable resource for sustainable energy supply based on applied scientific research. Structure: About 200 employees until 12/2016 in the administration and the four research departments General Management: Prof. Dr. mont. Michael Nelles (scientific) Daniel Mayer (administrative) Fig.: DBFZ 2

3 DBFZ Department Biochemical Conversion at DBFZ Biogas plants must become more flexible in terms of their substrates and energy delivery. Only then will they be able to continue making a major contribution to the safeguarding of energy supplies in future (Dr. Jan Liebetrau, DBFZ) Objectives of the research focus area Flexibility in terms of substrates and processes Process monitoring and control Reduction of emissions Increasing efficiency and reducing costs Coupling of material and energy use of biomass Fig.: DBFZ 3

4 SE.Biomethane & Record Biomap ERA-NET-Project: SE.Biomethane - Small but efficient Cost and Energy Efficient Biomethane Production ( ) Aim: Development of new and innovative solutions for efficient small-scale biomethane production (<200 kwel) incl. pre-treatment of fibrous substrates, reactor design, treatment of digestate and biogas-upgrading Partner: University UWM (Warmińsko-Mazurski, Olzstyn, Poland) and JTI - Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering as well as Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Uppsala, Sweden), Ventury (Dresden, Germany) etc. Subsequent EU-Project: Record Biomap Research Coordination for a Low-Cost Biomethane Production at Small and Medium Scale Applications Knowledge transfer platform This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No

5 Purpose of the study on chicken manure Purpose to investigate the influence of the pre-treatment of chicken manure with pressure swing conditioning (PSC) on the nitrogen content and the biogas yield Approach chicken manure consisted of excrements and bedding (straw pellets) treatment with different combination of temperatures and treatment times 6 variants of pressure swing conditioning (PSC) nitrogen content measurement batch-tests in laboratory scale to determine biogas yields the most promising PSC-variant was chosen for a long-term continuous fermentation test in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) with 3 parallels in lab scale as well as untreated chicken manure 5

6 Material & Methods - Pre-Treatment 6 variants of pressure swing conditioning (PSC) for chicken manure Original 190 C 5 Min 30 Min 60 Min (Source: DBFZ) 150 C 5 Min 30 Min 60 Min (Source: DBFZ) 6

7 Material & Methods Pre-Treatment Pressure swing conditioning developed and conducted by the company Ventury (Dresden, Germany) Source: Ventury 7

8 Material & Methods - Digester Batch-test Continuous AD-tests AMPTS II Bioprocesscontrol, Lund, Sweden (Source: DBFZ) temperature set on 39 C +/-1 C, All methane yields were standardized (dry gas, K, hpa). Digester: Bräutigam Kunststofftechnik GmbH, Mohlsdorf- Teichwolframsdorf, Germany (Source: DBFZ) 8

9 Batch-Test: Pressure swing conditioning (PSC) Best case: PSC 150 C, 5 Min 9

10 Results batch tests at a glance Treated in comparison with original substrate Chicken manure treated with PSC Temperature Original 150 C 190 C Time Original 5 Min 30 Min 60 Min 5 Min 30 Min 60 Min Comparison % Comparison WB % WB = correction volatile components according to Weissbach 10

11 Ammonium reduction with PSC Dilution via water addition and steam heating in the pressure tank; Gas phase loss via valve of the release tank 11

12 Ammonium reduction with PSC Dilution via water addition and steam heating in the pressure tank; Gas phase loss via valve of the release tank 12

13 Results long-term tests - Biogas O: 506 ml/g VS 59.7 % methane PSC: 504 ml/g VS 59.9 % methane HRT = 30 d; OLR = 2 g VS/(l*d); O = Original 48 g FM /d manure g/d water PSC = Pressure swing conditioning 77 g FM /d manure g/d water 13

14 Results long-term tests Nitrogen HRT = 30 d; OLR = 2 g VS/(l*d); O = Original 48 g FM /d manure g/d water PSC = Pressure swing conditioning 77g FM /d manure g/d water 14

15 Conclusion - Pretreatment of chicken manure (bedding: straw pellets) Batch-test only PSC-variant 5 Min/150 C with 7.7 % increased methane yield PSC reduces nitrogen content of the substrate via dilution and via gas phase losses Long-term continuous AD-tests no measurable effect of PSC in lab-scale on biogas production low effect on NH 4 -N-content of digestate (<5 % difference), due to high amounts of water addition to both O and PSC 15

16 Conclusion Pre-treatment PSC in general Positive effects of PSC on the biogas yields were seen with barley straw and cattle manure with long fibers of straw (approx. 2-5 cm) as bedding material. 16

17 Outlook The PSC was carried out by the company VENTURY GmbH (Dresden, Germany) in a 40-foot container plant. The technology readiness level of the plant was rated as TRL 5 according to HORIZON 2020 WP ( )*. A modification of the PSC-plant from batch to continuous running process is an essential prerequisite to reach the highest TRL 9 and to establish a direct link to a full-scale biogas plant. * 5/annexes/h2020-wp1415-annex-g-trl_en.pdf 17

18 Methodology or /publications.html 18

19 Smart Bioenergy innovations for a sustainable future Contact Person Dr. Britt Schumacher +49 ( 0) 341 / britt.schumacher@dbfz.de DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH Torgauer Straße 116 D Leipzig Phone: +49 (0) info@dbfz.de