Potential of Microbial Control Agents: Fungi

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1 Federal Department of Economic Affairs DEA Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil Research Station ACW Potential of Microbial Control Agents: Fungi Sebastian Kiewnick

2 Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil Applied Research Food Quality and Safety Basic Research in Plant Protection ALP Liebefeld- Posieux ACW Changins ART Reckenholz ART Tänikon ACW Wädenswil Agriculture Genetic Ressources Viticulture Berries, Medicinal Plants 2

3 Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil Research Station ACW Basic Research in Plant Protection Ecotoxicology and Soil Zoology Nematology 3

4 Products based on fungi: U.S. EPA Biopesticide Database EPA Biopesticide Homepage: Biopesticide registration tools Biopesticide active ingredient fact sheets Biopesticide ingredients and products list (12/05) 4

5 Biopesticide active ingredients (fungi) and products containing them US EPA 12/2005 Fungal biocontrol agent Aspergillus flavus AF36 Product name(s) Aspergillus flavus AF36 Intended use Cotton A. flavus NRRL Aflaguard Peanut Beauveria bassiana ATCC Troy Boverin, Fermone Naturalis L-225 B. bassiana GHA Mycotrol ES, Botanigard 22WP, Organigard ES B. bassiana 447 Baits motel stay a while-rest forever Chondrostereum purpureum HQ1 C. purpureum PFC2139 Myco-tech paste Chontrol paste Insecticide outdoors and greenhouse Insecticide outdoors and greenhouses Insecticide indoors bait station (fire ants) Herbicide on cut tree stumps Herbicide on cut tree stumps

6 Biopesticide active ingredients (fungi) and products containing them US EPA 12/2005 continued Fungal biocontrol agent Coniothyrium minitans CON/M/91-08 Gliocladium virens GL- 21 Product name(s) Contans WG, Intercept WG WRC-AP-1 Intended use Fungicide, agricultural soils Fungicide, outdoor and greenhouse G. catenulatum J1446 Primastop Fungicide, greenhouse and outdoor Metarhizium anisopliae ESF1 Bioblast M. anisopliae F52 Taenure, Tick-Ex (G,EC) Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Apopka strain 97 PFR-97 Termiticide, indoor Insecticide, terrestrial non-food Insecticide, greenhouse interiorscapes

7 Biopesticide active ingredients (fungi) and products containing them US EPA 12/2005 continued Fungal biocontrol agent Pseudozyma flocculosa PF-A22 T. harzianum strain T-22 (KRL-AG2) Product name(s) Sporodex L T-22 G, T-22 WP, Fafard Growing mix Intended use Fungicide, greenhouse food and non-food Fungicide, Greenhouse and outdoor Trichoderma viride ATCC T. polysporum ATCC BINAB T WP Fungicide, Wounds from pruning

8 New 2005 biopesticide active ingredients (fungi) Fungal biocontrol agent Alternaria destruens 059 Product name(s) Smolder G, Smolder WP B. bassiana HF23 Beauveria bassiana HF23 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene Muscodor albus QST20799 Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 Pythium oligandrum DV74 Verticillium isolate WCS850 Arabesque, Andante, Glissade Melocon WG Dutch Trig Intended use Herbicide, Cuscuta spp. Insecticide, house flies Herbicide, Northern joint vetch Bactericide, Fungicide, Nematicide, pre-, postharvest Nematicide, terrestrial food and non-food Fungicide, food crops and ornamentals Fungicide, Dutch elm disease

9 Number of new active ingredients per year for bacteria and fungi (EPA) Bacteria Fungi Total 9

10 Number of genera, species, strains and products for bacteria (including Bt) and fungi US-EPA 12/ Active ingredients 50 0 Genera Species Strains Products Bacteria Fungi

11 Number of genera, species, strains and products for bacteria (excluding Bt) and fungi US-EPA 12/ Active ingredients 50 0 Genera Species Strains Products Bacteria Fungi

12 Why fungi have a great potential: doing the math 156 Products containing bacteria from 3 genera and 12 species: makes 50 products/genus and > 10/species 40 products containing fungi from 13 genera and 17 species: makes 3 products/genus and > 1/species 12

13 Why fungi have a great potential: Advances in fermentation and formulation technology Mass production (liquid and solid state) combined with new formulations (shelf life, handling, safety) decreased production costs 13

14 Why fungi have a great potential: Once developed into products, they are mostly used on a large scale Example: CONTANS WG: 2002 on ha Canola in Germany 100 t/year 18 Countries 14

15 Why fungi have a great potential: Once developed they are mostly used on a large scale Example: CONTANS WG: 2002 on ha Canola in Germany (2001/2002) 100 t/year 18 Countries Aspergillus flavus AF36: acre of Cotton until 2005 Aflaguard for Peanut 15

16 Active ingredients listed in Annex I Directive 91/414 Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Preferal) Coniothyrium minitans (Contans) Pseudomonas chlororaphis (Cedemon) Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop) Ampelomyces quisqualis (AQ10) Bacillus subtilis (Serenade) 16

17 Micro-organisms currently under evaluation for inclusion in Annex I Fungi Paecilomyces lilacinus Pseudozyma flocculosa Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Bacteria Agrobacterium radiobacter Virus Spodoptera exigua NPV Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (mild strain) 17

18 Notification for inclusion in Annex I in Nov for 17 microbial species Bacillus thuringiensis -aizawai Bacillus thuringiensis -israelensis Bacillus thuringiensis -kurstaki Bacillus thuringiensis -tenebrionis Beauveria bassiana Beauveria brongniartii Cydia pomonella granulosis virus Metarhizium anisopliae Phlebiopsis gigantea Pythium oligandrum Streptomyces griseoviridis Trichoderma harzianum Trichoderma polysporum Trichoderma viride Verticillium dahliae Verticillium lecanii (Lecanicillium longisporum and L. muscarium) 18

19 Why fungi have a great potential: Conclusions The number of products containing fungi as active ingredients significantly increased in the past In the EU, four fungi are included in Annex I, leading the way for others Given the diversity (genera/species), the registration of new products containing different strains (species) should be accelerated 19