MICROBIAL PRODUCTS: TECHNOLOGIES, APPLICATIONS AND GLOBAL MARKETS BIO086B. Andrew McWilliams Project Analyst ISBN:

Transcription

1 MICROBIAL PRODUCTS: TECHNOLOGIES, APPLICATIONS AND GLOBAL MARKETS BIO086B Andrew McWilliams Project Analyst ISBN: BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA , Custom Reports: carol.laverty@bccresearch.com

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2 STUDY BACKGROUND 2 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2 INTENDED AUDIENCE 3 SCOPE AND FORMAT 3 INFORMATION SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY 3 ANALYST CREDENTIALS 4 RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 4 BCC ON-LINE SERVICES 5 DISCLAIMER 5 CHAPTER 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS SUMMARY FIGURE TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 10 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF MICROBES 10 DEFINITIONS 10 Microbes 10 Bacteria 10 Fungi 10 Archaea 10 Protists 11 Micro-Animals and Micro-Plants 11 Commercial Microbes 11 Microbial Products 11 PROPERTIES 12 Temperature Range 12 TABLE 1 MICROBE TEMPERATURE RANGES 12 Psychrophiles 12 Mesophiles 13 Thermophiles and Hyperthermophiles 13 Acidity 13 Osmotic Pressure 14 Oxygen 14 Water 15 Metabolite Production 15 OCCURRENCE AND PRODUCTION 15 Habitats 15 Culture 16 Isolation 16 Sterilization 16 Culture 16 Genetic Engineering 17

3 HISTORY 17 END USES AND APPLICATIONS 19 TABLE 2 END USES/APPLICATIONS OF COMMERCIAL MICROBES 20 AGRICULTURE 20 HEALTHCARE 20 MANUFACTURING 21 ENERGY 21 ENVIRONMENT 21 MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION 22 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH TRENDS 22 FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR MICROBIAL PRODUCTS ($ BILLIONS) END USES 22 TABLE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL PRODUCTS BY END-USE SECTOR FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS BY END-USE SECTOR, (%) CHAPTER 4 AGRICULTURAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS 26 SUMMARY 26 FIGURE 3 GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL MARKETS FOR PRODUCTS MADE FROM MICROBES BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2012 TABLE 4 GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL MARKETS FOR PRODUCTS MADE FROM MICROBES BY APPLICATION TYPE, FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MADE FROM MICROBES BY APPLICATION, (%) MICROBIAL PESTICIDES 28 TYPES OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDES 28 Bacteria 28 Bacillus thuringiensis 28 "Milky Spore" 29 Agrobacterium Radiobacter 30 Fungi 31 Beauveria bassiana 31 Verticillium Lecanii 31 Lagenidium giganteum 32 Other Fungi 32 Protozoa 32 Nosema Locustae 32 Nematodes 33 Steinernema Feltiae 33 Steinernema Scapterisci 34 Steinernema Riobravis 34 Steinernema Carpocapsae 34 Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora 34 Heterorhabditis Indica 34 Heterorhabditis Megidis 35 SUPPLIERS 35 TABLE 5 SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDES

4 MARKETS 36 FIGURE 5 GLOBAL MICROBIAL PESTICIDE MARKET BY SEGMENT, 2012 (%) 36 TABLE 6 PROJECTED GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDES BY SEGMENT Bacterial Biopesticides 37 FIGURE 6 GLOBAL TRENDS IN ORGANICALLY FARMED AREAS (MILLION HECTARES) TABLE 7 PROJECTED GLOBAL SALES OF BACTERIAL BIOPESTICIDES, THROUGH Other Biopesticides 38 MICROBIAL FERTILIZERS 38 TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZERS 39 Nitrogen Biofertilizers 39 Rhizobium 39 Azospirillum 39 Azotobacter 40 Blue-Green Algae 40 Phosphorus 40 Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms 40 Compost Treatment 41 Cellulolytic Fungal Culture 41 SUPPLIERS 41 TABLE 8 SUPPLIERS OF BIOFERTILIZERS 41 MARKETS 42 TABLE 9 PROJECTED GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBIAL FERTILIZERS BY SEGMENT, ANIMAL FEED ADDITIVES 43 TYPES OF MICROBIAL ANIMAL FEED 43 Bacteria 43 Algae 43 SUPPLIERS 43 TABLE 10 SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL ANIMAL AND FISH FEED ADDITIVES 44 MARKETS 44 TABLE 11 PROJECTED GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBIAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS, CHAPTER 5 HEALTHCARE MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS 47 SUMMARY 47 FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS USED IN HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS, TABLE 12 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE MARKETS FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, FIGURE 8 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCT SHARES, (%) MICROBIAL BIOPHARMACEUTICALS 48 TECHNOLOGY 48 Direct Extraction from Natural Sources 49 Recombinant DNA Technology 49 SUPPLIERS

5 TABLE 13 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLIERS 50 MARKETS 50 TABLE 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, THROUGH THERAPEUTICS 51 PROBIOTICS 51 Types of Probiotics 51 Recent Developments 52 New Coating Techniques 52 Suppliers 52 TABLE 15 SELECTED SUPPLIERS OF THERAPEUTIC PROBIOTICS 53 Markets 53 TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PROBIOTICS, 53 TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PROBIOTICS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, THROUGH FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PROBIOTICS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, (%) CHAPTER 6 MANUFACTURING MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS 56 SUMMARY 56 FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR MICROBIAL PRODUCTS USED IN MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS, 2012 TABLE 18 GLOBAL MANUFACTURING MARKETS FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, 2012 FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MICROBIAL MANUFACTURING-RELATED PRODUCT MARKET SHARES, (%) FOOD PROCESSING 58 TECHNOLOGIES 58 Baking 58 Brewing 58 Winemaking 59 Cultured Dairy Products 59 SUPPLIERS 59 TABLE 19 SELECTED SUPPLIERS OF YEAST AND OTHER FOOD PROCESSING MICROBES MARKETS 60 TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR YEASTS USED IN FOOD PROCESSING, THROUGH ENZYMES 60 TECHNOLOGIES 60 APPLICATIONS 61 SUPPLIERS 61 TABLE 21 MANUFACTURERS OF INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES 62 MARKETS 62 TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIALLY PRODUCED INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES, COMMODITY AND SPECIALTY CHEMICALS 62 TECHNOLOGIES 63 Natural Metabolic Products as Commodity Chemicals

6 TABLE 23 REPRESENTATIVE CHEMICALS PRODUCED FROM MICROBES 63 Metabolically Engineered Microbes 63 SUPPLIERS 64 TABLE 24 COMPANIES THAT MICROBIALLY PRODUCE BULK CHEMICALS 65 MARKETS 65 TABLE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIALLY PRODUCED COMMODITY AND SPECIALTY CHEMICALS, BIOPOLYMERS 65 TECHNOLOGIES 65 Polyhydroxyalkanoates 66 Polylactic Acid 66 Hyaluronic Acid 66 Other Microbial Bioplastics 66 Bacterial Cellulose 67 Pullulan 67 Xanthan 67 APPLICATIONS 68 TABLE 26 MICROBIAL BIOPOLYMER APPLICATIONS 68 SUPPLIERS 68 TABLE 27 BIOPOLYMER SUPPLIERS 69 MARKETS 69 TABLE 28 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL BIOPOLYMERS BY TYPE OF POLYMER, CHAPTER 7 ENERGY MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS 72 SUMMARY 72 FIGURE 12 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS USED IN ENERGY APPLICATIONS, 2012 TABLE 29 GLOBAL ENERGY MARKETS FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MICROBIAL ENERGY-RELATED PRODUCTS SHARES (%) BIOFUELS PRODUCTION 74 TECHNOLOGY 74 Ethanol 74 Sugar- and Starch-Based Ethanol 74 Cellulosic Ethanol (Bioethanol) 74 Bacterial Bioethanol 75 Fungal Bioethanol 75 Algal Bioethanol 75 Biodiesel 76 Bacterial Biodiesel 76 Algal Biodiesel 76 Fungal Biodiesel 77 APPLICATIONS 78 SUPPLIERS 78 TABLE 30 SUPPLIERS OF ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES MARKET

7 TABLE 31 VALUE OF GLOBAL BIOFUELS PRODUCED USING MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGIES, Ethanol 80 Starch- and Sugar-Based Ethanol 80 TABLE 32 GLOBAL MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF STARCH- AND SUGAR-BASED ETHANOL THROUGH 2018 (MILLIONS; $ MILLIONS) Bioethanol 81 TABLE 33 GLOBAL MICROBIAL BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS/$ MILLIONS) Biodiesel 82 TABLE 34 GLOBAL MICROBIAL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS/$ MILLIONS) MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 83 TECHNOLOGY 83 APPLICATIONS 84 SUPPLIERS 84 TABLE 35 SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES MARKET 85 TABLE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS 86 TECHNOLOGIES 86 Mediator Microbial Fuel Cells 86 Mediator-Less Microbial Fuel Cells 86 Microbial Electrolysis Cells 87 Soil-Based Microbial Fuel Cells 87 Recent Developments 87 Benthic Unattended Generators 87 Granular Activated Carbon-Based MFCs 87 APPLICATIONS 88 SUPPLIERS 89 TABLE 37 SELECTED DEVELOPERS AND SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS 89 MARKETS 89 TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 90 TECHNOLOGIES 90 Photobiological Water Splitting 90 "Dark" Fermentation 91 Combined Fermentation 92 SUPPLIERS 92 TABLE 39 SELECTED DEVELOPERS OF MICROBIAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES MARKETS CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS 95 SUMMARY 95

8 FIGURE 14 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR MICROBIAL PRODUCTS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS, TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR MICROBIAL PRODUCTS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS, FIGURE 15 GLOBAL MICROBIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT SEGMENTS, (%) ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 97 TECHNOLOGIES 97 Microbial Respiration 97 Microbial Toxic Concentration 98 Biological Oxygen Demand 98 Genetically Engineered Organisms 98 APPLICATIONS 99 SUPPLIERS 99 TABLE 41 SELECTED SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL ASSAYS 99 MARKETS 100 TABLE 42 GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBE-BASED BIOSENSORS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 43 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBE-BASED BIOSENSORS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, FIGURE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBE-BASED BIOSENSORS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, (%) BIOREMEDIATION 101 TECHNOLOGIES 101 In Situ Bioremediation 102 In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater Direct Groundwater Bioremediation 102 Pumping and On-Site Remediation 102 Ex Situ Bioremediation 102 Bioreactors 102 Enzyme Treatment 103 MARKETS 103 TABLE 44 GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBIAL AND ASSOCIATED BIOREMEDIATION PRODUCTS, RECYCLING 104 TECHNOLOGIES 104 Plastic-Eating Bacteria 104 MARKETS 105 OIL SPILLS AND RESIDUES CLEANUP 105 TECHNOLOGIES 105 Oil-Eating Bacterial Preparations 105 Genetically Modified Oil-Degrading Microbes 106 APPLICATIONS 107 SUPPLIERS 107 TABLE 45 SUPPLIERS OF OIL-DEGRADING MICROBES 107 MARKETS 107 TABLE 46 GLOBAL SALES OF OIL-DEGRADING MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH WASTEWATER/SEWAGE TREATMENT

9 TECHNOLOGIES 108 Public Wastewater and Sewage 108 Cold Weather Bacteria 109 Bacteria for Foaming and Bulking Control 109 Phosphate Reduction and Control 109 Industrial Process Wastes 110 Food Processing Wastes 110 Pulp and Paper Wastewater 110 Other Industrial Wastewater 110 APPLICATIONS 111 SUPPLIERS 111 TABLE 47 SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL PRODUCTS FOR WASTEWATER/SEWAGE TREATMENT MARKETS 112 TABLE 48 GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PRODUCTS USED IN THE PUBLIC AND INDUSTRIAL SEGMENTS, CHAPTER 9 REGULATION 114 UNITED STATES 114 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 114 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) 114 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 115 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). 115 Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act as Amended by the Food Quality Protection Act Toxic Substances Control Act 115 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION 117 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 117 STATE-LEVEL REGULATIONS 118 EUROPEAN UNION 118 DIRECTIVE 98/81/EC ON THE CONTAINED USE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICROORGANISMS DIRECTIVE 2001/18/EC ON THE DELIBERATE RELEASE INTO THE ENVIRONMENT OF GMOS REGULATION (EC) NO. 1107/2009 ON THE PLACING OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS ON THE MARKET REGULATION (EC) NO 726/2004 ON PROCEDURES FOR THE AUTHORIZATION AND SUPERVISION OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN AND VETERINARY USE JAPAN 120 FOOD SANITATION LAW 120 FEED SAFETY LAW 120 OTHER COUNTRIES 120 BRAZIL 121 CHINA 121 INDIA 122 RUSSIA

10 AFRICAN COUNTRIES 122 CHAPTER 10 COMPANY PROFILES 125 AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS 125 BIOPESTICIDES 125 AgraQuest, Inc. 125 Certis USA, LLC 125 Laverlam International 125 Valent BioSciences Corp. 126 BIOFERTILIZERS 126 Becker Underwood 126 BioOrganics, Inc. 126 JH Biotech, Inc. 127 Mycorrhizal Applications, Inc. 127 Novozymes Biologicals 127 Ruchi Biochemicals 128 ANIMAL FEED ADDITIVES 128 Earthrise Nutritionals, LLC 128 METabolic EXplorer S.A. 128 Solarium Biotechnology 129 Taiwan Chlorella Manufacturing Co, Ltd. 129 HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS 130 MICROBIAL BIOPHARMACEUTICALS 130 Amgen Inc. 130 Genzyme Corp. 130 Novo Nordisk A/S 131 PROBIOTICS 131 Ardeypharm GmbH Pharmazeutische Fabrik 131 Osel, Inc. 131 Procter & Gamble Co. 132 Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 132 MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS 132 FOOD PROCESSING 132 AB Mauri 132 Lallemand, Inc. 133 Lesaffre et Compagnie 133 INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES 133 Genencor International, Inc. 133 Novozymes A/S 134 Specialty Enzymes and Biochemicals Co. 134 BULK CHEMICALS 134 Allylix, Inc. 134 Amyris, Inc. 135 Genomatica 135 Gevo 136 MICROBIAL BIOPLASTICS 136 Cereplast, Inc. 136

11 DURECT Corp. 137 Lone Star Heart, Inc. 137 ENERGY APPLICATIONS 137 BIOFUELS 137 Algae Biosciences Corp. 137 Algenol 138 Amyris, Inc. 138 Coskata, Inc. 138 Desert Sweet Biofuels 139 Energy Derived 139 Iogen Corp. 139 LS9, Inc. 140 PetroSun 140 Qteros, Inc. 141 Sapphire Energy 141 Waltham Technologies 141 XL Renewables, Inc. 142 MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 142 Environmental BioTechnologies, Inc. 142 Glori Energy Inc. 142 Microbes Biosciences. 142 Rawwater Engineering Co., Ltd. 143 Synthetic Genomics, Inc. 143 Titan Oil Recovery 144 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 144 Biohydrogen, Ltd. 144 Nanologix, Inc. 145 Sapporo Breweries, Ltd. 145 Solarvest BioEnergy 146 MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS 146 Cambrian Innovation 146 Emefcy, Ltd. 146 HydroQual, Inc. 147 Hy-SyEnce 147 Microbial Fuel Cell Technologies, LLC 147 Trophos Energy 148 ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS 148 MICROBIAL ASSAYS 148 CheckLight Ltd. 148 NCIMB, Ltd. 148 BIOREMEDIATION 149 BIO-SYSTEMS International 149 Catalina BioSolutions 149 USA BioProducts Co. 149 OIL-EATING MICROBES 150 Aabaco Industries 150 Altogen Biosystems 150

12 Bioremediation, Inc. 150 Evolugate, LLC 150 Microbial Discovery Group 151 Microsorb Environmental Products, Inc. 151 Micro-TES, Inc. 151 Osprey Biotechnics 152 WASTEWATER/SEWAGE TREATMENT 152 Alken-Murray Corp. 152 Applied Biotech Industries 152 Aquafix, Inc. 153 BioConversion Technology 153 Bio-Systems International 153 Custom Biologicals, Inc. 153 General Environmental Science 154 Natural Environmental Systems, LLC 154 CHAPTER 11 PATENT ANALYSIS 156 FIGURE 17 U.S. MICROBIAL PRODUCT PATENTS BY APPLICATION AREA ISSUED FROM 1976 THROUGH JUNE 1, 2013 (NUMBER/%) FIGURE 18 TRENDS IN U.S. MICROBIAL PRODUCT PATENTS AWARDED ANNUALLY,

13 LIST OF TABLES TABLE HEADING SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS TABLE 1 MICROBE TEMPERATURE RANGES 12 TABLE 2 END USES/APPLICATIONS OF COMMERCIAL MICROBES 20 TABLE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL PRODUCTS BY END-USE SECTOR TABLE 4 GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL MARKETS FOR PRODUCTS MADE FROM MICROBES BY APPLICATION TYPE, TABLE 5 SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDES 35 TABLE 6 PROJECTED GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDES BY SEGMENT TABLE 7 PROJECTED GLOBAL SALES OF BACTERIAL BIOPESTICIDES, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 8 SUPPLIERS OF BIOFERTILIZERS 41 TABLE 9 PROJECTED GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBIAL FERTILIZERS BY SEGMENT, TABLE 10 SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL ANIMAL AND FISH FEED ADDITIVES 44 TABLE 11 PROJECTED GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBIAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS, THROUGH TABLE 12 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE MARKETS FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, TABLE 13 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLIERS 50 TABLE 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 15 SELECTED SUPPLIERS OF THERAPEUTIC PROBIOTICS 53 TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PROBIOTICS, 53 TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PROBIOTICS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, THROUGH TABLE 18 GLOBAL MANUFACTURING MARKETS FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, 2012 TABLE 19 SELECTED SUPPLIERS OF YEAST AND OTHER FOOD PROCESSING MICROBES TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR YEASTS USED IN FOOD PROCESSING, THROUGH TABLE 21 MANUFACTURERS OF INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES 62 TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIALLY PRODUCED INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES, TABLE 23 REPRESENTATIVE CHEMICALS PRODUCED FROM MICROBES 63 TABLE 24 COMPANIES THAT MICROBIALLY PRODUCE BULK CHEMICALS 65 TABLE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIALLY PRODUCED COMMODITY AND SPECIALTY CHEMICALS, TABLE 26 MICROBIAL BIOPOLYMER APPLICATIONS 68 TABLE 27 BIOPOLYMER SUPPLIERS 69 TABLE 28 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL BIOPOLYMERS BY TYPE OF POLYMER, TABLE 29 GLOBAL ENERGY MARKETS FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, TABLE 30 SUPPLIERS OF ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES 79 TABLE 31 VALUE OF GLOBAL BIOFUELS PRODUCED USING MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGIES,

14 TABLE HEADING TABLE 32 GLOBAL MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF STARCH- AND SUGAR-BASED ETHANOL THROUGH 2018 (MILLIONS; $ MILLIONS) TABLE 33 GLOBAL MICROBIAL BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS/$ MILLIONS) TABLE 34 GLOBAL MICROBIAL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS/$ MILLIONS) TABLE 35 SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES TABLE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, TABLE 37 SELECTED DEVELOPERS AND SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS 89 TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 39 SELECTED DEVELOPERS OF MICROBIAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR MICROBIAL PRODUCTS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS, TABLE 41 SELECTED SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL ASSAYS 99 TABLE 42 GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBE-BASED BIOSENSORS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 43 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBE-BASED BIOSENSORS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, TABLE 44 GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBIAL AND ASSOCIATED BIOREMEDIATION PRODUCTS, TABLE 45 SUPPLIERS OF OIL-DEGRADING MICROBES 107 TABLE 46 GLOBAL SALES OF OIL-DEGRADING MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH TABLE 47 SUPPLIERS OF MICROBIAL PRODUCTS FOR WASTEWATER/SEWAGE TREATMENT TABLE 48 GLOBAL SALES OF MICROBIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PRODUCTS USED IN THE PUBLIC AND INDUSTRIAL SEGMENTS,

15 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE SUMMARY FIGURE TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR MICROBIAL PRODUCTS ($ BILLIONS) FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS BY END-USE SECTOR, (%) FIGURE 3 GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL MARKETS FOR PRODUCTS MADE FROM MICROBES BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2012 FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MADE FROM MICROBES BY APPLICATION, (%) FIGURE 5 GLOBAL MICROBIAL PESTICIDE MARKET BY SEGMENT, 2012 (%) 36 FIGURE 6 GLOBAL TRENDS IN ORGANICALLY FARMED AREAS (MILLION HECTARES) FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS USED IN HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS, FIGURE 8 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCT SHARES, (%) FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PROBIOTICS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, (%) FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR MICROBIAL PRODUCTS USED IN MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS, 2012 FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MICROBIAL MANUFACTURING-RELATED PRODUCT MARKET SHARES, (%) FIGURE 12 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND MICROBIAL PRODUCTS USED IN ENERGY APPLICATIONS, 2012 FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MICROBIAL ENERGY-RELATED PRODUCTS SHARES (%) FIGURE 14 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR MICROBIAL PRODUCTS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS, FIGURE 15 GLOBAL MICROBIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT SEGMENTS, (%) FIGURE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBE-BASED BIOSENSORS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, (%) FIGURE 17 U.S. MICROBIAL PRODUCT PATENTS BY APPLICATION AREA ISSUED FROM 1976 THROUGH JUNE 1, 2013 (NUMBER/%) FIGURE 18 TRENDS IN U.S. MICROBIAL PRODUCT PATENTS AWARDED ANNUALLY,