Manure Management Techniques

Transcription

1 Workshop: 'Best practices addressing environmental needs' Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin Institut für Tier- und Umwelthygiene Manure Management Techniques Barbara Amon & Nicholas Hutchings 23 rd 24 th March 17 Oct, Brussels Quelle: top agrar 10/2010

2 Concepts for best practices addressing environmental needs What is required? 2

3 Concepts for best practices addressing environmental needs 1. Detailed understanding at process level: drivers and controls of emission processes 3

4 Concepts for Best practices addressing environmental needs 1. Detailed understanding at process level 2. Consideration of pollutants and interactions: various forms of nitrogen and other pollutants all stages of the manure management chain interaction with climate change interaction with animal welfare issues interaction with between different emissions interactions with landscape issues 4

5 Concepts for Best practices addressing environmental needs 1. Detailed understanding at process level 2. Consideration of pollutants and interactions: 3. Development of flexible concepts for environmental improvement Climate and site specific conditions vary across Europe Three columns of sustainability must be considered Conflicts of interest must be addressed Concepts must be flexible and targeted for the specific region 5

6 Concepts for best practices addressing environmental needs 1. Detailed understanding at process level 2. Consideration of pollutants and interactions: 3. Development of flexible concepts for sustainable intensification Climate and site specific conditions vary across Europe Three columns of sustainability must be considered Conflicts of interest must be addressed Concepts must be flexible and targeted for the specific region 6

7 Mitigation Measures 7

8 Criteria for selection of the mitigation measures Implementability Efficiency Impact on the environment Secondary effects Controllability (Costs) 8

9 Livestock feeding Avoid N surplus from the very beginning of the manure management continuum Adjust animal diet to animal performance Reduce N excretion with the urine Dairy cattle: Pigs: - reduction of crude protein content in the diet - increase milk yield with moderate level of concentrates - increase production cycles per cow - reduction of crude protein content in the diet - multiphase feeding 9

10 Livestock housing reduction of indoor temperature reduction of emitting surfaces, reduction of soiled areas reduction of air flow over soiled surfaces use of additives (e.g. urease inhibitors, acidification) regular removal of slurry to an outside store in the longer term: smart barns with optimised ventilation 10

11 Manure storage and treament manure storage outside the barn cover of slurry stores manure treatment to reduce slurry dry matter content increase slurry NH 4 content 11

12 Slurry infiltration untreated low dry matter slurry 12

13 Manure storage and treatment manure storage outside the barn cover of slurry stores manure treatment: - slurry separation - anaerobic digestion - acidification 13

14 Manure application make maximum use of manure nutrients low trajectory application application according to crop demand (amount and timing) immediate incorporation 14

15 Summary of mitigation measures for improvement of environmental policies, implementation problems and potential solutions reduce N content in the animal diet pigs: phase feeding already widely implemented cattle: high roughage in the diet find a compromise, region specific diets and levels of productivity 15

16 Summary of mitigation measures for improvement of environmental policies, implementation problems and potential solutions reduce N content in the animal diet livestock houses: cool, clean, manure store outside Most measures applicable to new houses Effectivity less well researched, esp. in naturally ventilated houses 16

17 Summary of mitigation measures for improvement of environmental policies, implementation problems and potential solutions reduce N content in the animal diet livestock houses: cool, clean, manure store outside manure storage and treatment: covered store, low dry matter content, high NH 4 content Raise awareness for low cost covers Manure treatment incurs costs 17

18 Summary of mitigation measures for improvement of environmental policies, implementation problems and potential solutions reduce N content in the animal diet livestock houses: cool, clean, manure store outside manure storage and treatment: covered store, low dry matter content, high NH 4 content manure application: low trajectory, in line with crop demand Application technology: costs Timing: technology for application into growing crops; mineral fertiliser cheap, easy to handle, N fertiliser value easy to calculate 18

19 Suggestion Guidance document on measures and their pros and cons Offer flexible tools for mitigation measures that can be adapted to local conditions Strive at closing the science-policy gap Discuss implementation barriers with farming community 19

20 20