PRACTICAL AGROMETEOROLOGY

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "PRACTICAL AGROMETEOROLOGY"

Amber Thomas
5 years ago
Views:

1 PRACTICAL AGROMETEOROLOGY Dr. D. D. Sahu Prof. M. C. Chopada Mr. H. L. Kacha Agrometeorology Cell Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh AGROBIOS (INDIA)

2 Published by: AGROBIOS (INDIA) Behind Nasrani Cinema Chopasani Road, Jodhpur Phone: , , Fax: E. mail: First Edition: , All rights reserved All rights reserved. No part of the book or part thereof, including the title of the book, be reprinted in any form or language without the written permission of the author and the publishers. The copyists shall be prosecuted. ISBN No. (13): Price: Rs / US$ Published by: Updesh Purohit for Agrobios (India), Jodhpur Laser typeset at: Yashee Computers, Jodhpur Cover Design by: Reena Printed at: Babloo Screen Prints, Jodhpur

3 Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh , India Phone: (Office) Fax: Dr. N. C. Patel Hon ble Vice Chancellor FOREWORD Agrometeorology is an important applied science dealing with the study of weather and climate in relation to crop growth, production as well as initiation and spread of diseases and pests. It also includes the study of instrumentation and weather forecasting. The weather of a place depends mainly on atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, evaporation, clouds and rainfall. Different kinds of instruments are used to measure all these parameters. The instruments are systematically installed in a specific manner in an open field at the center of an agricultural research farm to study weather effects on crop growth. In teaching programme of agrometeorology, students learn how the meteorological as well as biological observations are recorded and derived for studying their effects. Practical Agrometeorology would be of great value for the students and scientists to know about meteorological instruments and their use. The authors have presented the

4 subject matter in the form of exercises, which makes the subject easy to understand. I highly appreciate the initiative taken and efforts put in by the authors in preparation of this book and wish that it will be very useful for the students, teachers and research workers. I congratulate the authors for their sincere efforts. Junagadh. Date: (N. C. Patel) Vice Chancellor Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh

5 PREFACE For proper application of Agrometeorological techniques, the knowledge of basic principles of measurement of meteorological and agrometeorological instruments is of paramount importance. Accordingly, an attempt has been made in this book to include all the instruments measuring weather parameters and most of the methods of computing derived meteorological indices used for the research purposes. With the development of technology sophisticated and costly instruments measuring weather, plant and soil parameters are available. The use, care, maintenance and installation of the instruments need special training and knowledge. In all, there are 28 exercises dealing with instruments directly measuring the weather parameters, plant parameters and indirectly computing agrometeorological indices using measured meteorological parameters. This is the beauty of this book. This book is aimed primarily for students and agricultural scientists to understand the techniques of agricultural meteorology and its application in agricultural sciences. It is our immense pleasure to express our gratitude to Dr. N.C. Patel, Hon`ble Vice Chancellor and Dr. C.J. Dangaria, Director of Research and Dean PG studies, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Dr. A.M. Shekh, Hon`ble Vice Chancellor, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Dr. L.S.

6 Rathore, ADGM and Head Agromet Services, IMD, New Delhi, Dr. P.D. Mistry, fomer Professor and Head, Department of Agrometeorology, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand and Prof. PSN Sastry, Ex-Principal Scientist, Division of Agril. Physics, IARI, New Delhi for their inspiration and blessings while preparing this book. We are equally indebted to Dr. VUM Rao, Project Director, AICRPAM, CRIDA and Dr. Vyas Pandey, Professor and Head, Department of Agrometeorology, Dr. H.R. Patel, Agrometeorologist, Anand Agricultural University, Anand for their suggestions and guidance during preparation of the manuscript. The help and cooperation rendered by the Professor and Head Department of Agronomy and colleagues while preparing the manuscript is thankfully acknowledged. Last but not but the most important that the Agrobios team deserves our sincere thanks for designing and publishing the book is an appreciable manner. We shall appreciate constructive suggestions from the readers which will improve the quality of the book in future. Junagadh Date: Authors

7 CONTENTS 1 Introduction to Agrometeorological Observatory... 1 Introduction... 1 Types or Classes of Meteorological Observatories... 1 Selection of Site... 4 Location of Instruments... 5 Hour of Observation... 5 Calculation of LMT... 6 Time of Observations Description of Instruments in Agrometeorological Observatory... 8 Description of the Instruments... 8 Single Size Stevenson Screen... 8 Dry Bulb Thermometer... 9 Wet Bulb Thermometer... 9 Maximum Thermometer... 9 Minimum Thermometer Double Size Stevenson Screen Thermograph Hygrograph Evaporigraph Barograph... 12

8 Anemometer Wind Vane Ordinary Rain Gauge Self-recording Rain Gauge Soil Thermometer Grass Minimum Thermometer Sunshine Recorder Open Pan Evaporimeter Micro-climatic Pole Whirling Psychrometer Assamann Psychrometer Measurement of Air Temperature Introduction Description of the Instruments Maximum Thermometer Minimum Thermometer Dry Bulb Thermometer Wet Bulb Thermometer Thermograph Measurement of Soil Temperature Soil Thermometer Soil Temperature Cycle Grass Minimum Thermometer Hour of Observation Measurement and Estimation of Relative Humidity Introduction Objectives Psychrometer Humidity Parameters Vapour Pressure... 28

9 Saturation Deficit Relative Humidity Dew Point Temperature Relative Humidity Hygrograph Micro Climatic Observation (A) Whirling Psychrometer (B) Assamann Psychrometer Hour of Observation Estimation of RH and VP Relative Humidity Vapour Pressure Solved example for given data Dew Point Temperature Assignment Measurement of Wind Speed and Direction Importance Wind Instruments Procedure Wind Vane Cup Counter Anemometer Installation The Conversion of Different Units Maintenance Precursors Calculation of Wind Speed Measurement of Bright Sunshine Hours Introduction Sunshine Recorder Parts of Sunshine Recorder Procedure... 48

10 Measurement of Sunshine Sunshine Cards Sunshine Scale Installation Precautions Placing a Card Working Principle Estimation of Cloud Amount Estimation of Solar Radiation using BSS Data Format for Record of Bright Sunshine Hours Measurement of Atmospheric Pressure Instruments Fortin s Barometer Kew Pattern Barometer Aneroid Barometer Barograph Use of Barometer Weather and Pressure Units of Pressure Measurement of Rainfall Instrument Ordinary Rain Gauge Installation Exposure Measurement of Rainfall Self-recording Rain Gauge Measurement of EvaporAtion Introduction Pan Evaporimeter Procedure Observations to be Recorded... 66

Practical Agrometeorology Publisher : Agrobios Publications ISBN : 9788177544381 Author : D D

11 Practical Agrometeorology Publisher : Agrobios Publications ISBN : Author : D D Sahu, M C Chopada And H L Kacha Type the URL : Get this ebook

Experimental Agrometeorology: A Practical Manual

Experimental Agrometeorology: A Practical Manual Latief Ahmad Raihana Habib Kanth Sabah Parvaze Syed Sheraz Mahdi Experimental Agrometeorology: A Practical Manual 123 Latief Ahmad Division of Agronomy