Laboratoire Arago Observatoire Océanologique Banyuls-sur-mer

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1 Laboratoire Arago Observatoire Océanologique Banyuls-sur-mer University Pierre & Marie Curie (Paris 6) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut National des Sciences de l Univers et de l Environnement

2 Laboratoire d Océanologie Biologique (LOB) Banyuls-sur-mer Conference Room seats

3 Teaching in Banyuls Between 800 and students per year Teaching and lessons outside

4 Station vessel coastal area 6-8 persons

5 Monitoring stations Station SOLA : 26m depth Weekly sampling : -T C, S, Fluo - Nutrients - Chla - Bacterial counts, SSCP Station MOLA : 1000m depth At least monthly sampling. Additional samples based on real-time monitoring of basic Parameters (T C, S, Fluo) - Nutrients - Chla, phyto (FCM) - Bacterial counts, SSCP, DNA

6 2 research units UMR 7621, Director : A. Grémare Laboratoire d océanographie biologique de Banyuls, 2 teams «Processus and biological production at the interface watersediment» and «Diversity and functioning of pelagic ecosystems» UMR 7628, Director : G. Bœuf Models in cellular and evolutive biology, 2 teams «Cellular and integrated biology» and «Dispersion strategies and consequencies on the structuration of species and evolution»

7 Laboratory of Biological Oceanography (LOB) Team 1 : Processus and biological production at the interface water-sediment Team 2 : Diversity and functioning of pelagical ecosystems Microbial ecology group involved in MARPLAN

8 Microbial Ecology Group Head of the team : Philippe Lebaron Philippe Lebaron Biodiversity and functions of bacteria in the oceans Ingrid Obernosterer Autotrophy vs heterotrophy Role of the bacterioneuston in the carbon cycle Julia Baudart Water quality - pathogens Fabien Joux Effect of UV radiations on bacterial communities Jean-François Ghiglione Biodegradation of Pollutants - microarrays Muriel Bourrain Biodiversity and biomolecules

9 Linking diversity and functions 1 - Diversity : 4 approaches - Fingerprinting methods : SSCP - Cloning/sequencing/phylogeny/probes - Fluorescent in situ hybridization - Isolation of strains, characterization, collection and database

10 Time scale variability : 4 Months (March to June 2002) PCR 16S rdna / CE-SSCP analysis March April Same OTU in the 4 profiles : 15 / 29 (1,3,4,5,9,10,11,12,13,15,17,18,19,23, May June Ghiglione et al, AME 2005 (in press)

11 Cloning / sequencing phylogeny Phylogenetic relationships between AlphaProteobacteria Banyuls clones and relative genbank sequences T31 47 T31 5 T CloneCHAB-I-5 AJ2409 CloneKTc0993 AF23512 T31 96 T31 15 T T31 6 CloneAS-26 AJ T31 77 T T T Strain GMD29F12.1 AY StrainATAM AF3 CloneLA1-B32N AF5139 T T31 14 CloneNAC11-3 AF24563 CloneDC AY145 T31 98 T Octadecabacter sp. A T31 36 ClonePLY-P3-48 AY354 T31 37 CloneNAC11-7 AF24563 T31 24 T31 88 T T31 97 Sphingomonas sp. AF4 T T31 63 CloneZD0209 AJ CloneOCS126 AF T31 4 CloneOCS12 U75252 T Pelagibacter ubique ClonePLY43 U13159 clonearctic95a-16 AF CloneMB11E07 AY03330 T31 1 T T T31 87 CloneMB11F01 AY03330 CloneEBAC40E09 AF268 T31 7 T31 83 CloneZD0410 AJ T31 71 Roseobacter (15.2% of the library) SAR116 (1.6% of the library) SAR11 (4.9% of the library) 10% divergence

12 Bacterial 16S Ribosomal RNA Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) Probe AGACUGCUAACACAGGC + fluorescent dye (CY3, FITC,..)

13 Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH and CardFish) QuickTime et un décompresseur TIFF (non compressé) sont requis pour visionner cette image.

14 Isolation - Solid medium (R2A, Zobell, ) - Dilution technique - Extinction technique - Different enrichment conditions Purification of isolates Metabolic characterization Collection -80 C -DMSO - Glycerol - Cryobeads SSCP profile Sequencing - identification Bioactivity Screening on different targets UV resistance FCM signature under standardized conditions Biovolume, carbon and nitrogen content,..

15 Solar simulator *

16 Linking diversity and functions - Cell sorting using FCM - MicroFish - Metaproteomic : new in the lab

17 1 - Cell sorting by FCM Prelabeling Radioactive substrates Nucleic acid probes Physiological probes Laser (488 nm) Trash Further analyses of sorted fractions * Activity (radioactivity) * Identification * Isolation * Chemical analyses (C; N; P,.)

18 Micro-FISH Radioactive compounds ( 3 H, 14 C, 35 S) amino acids, leucine, glucose, DMSP, polysaccharides, protein Detect silver grains around assimilating cells Combine with phylogenetic probes to identify which groups assimilate the specific compound

19 DAPI stain + silver grains Probe positive From Dave Kirchman and Matt Cottrell

20 An original and well equiped cytometry plate-form in Banyuls : - Transmission electronic microscope (TEM) - Confocal laser microscope (CLM) - 2 Flow cytometers equipped with cell sorters (FCM) - Epifluorescence microscope and image analysis system - Solid-phase cytometer (SPC) Involved in the development of new cytometers

21 - Solid-phase cytometry : a new concept in cytometry with great potential in populational ecology - Flow cytometry cell sorting : an interesting approach for linking diversity and functions

22 Cytometry laboratory FACSCalibur FACSVantage High speed cell sorter

23 Solid-phase cytometry : a new technique for populational ecology - Detection and quantification of specific populations of bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton - High resolution : detection of rare events

24 Oscillating mirrors (scan < 3 mn) Oscillating mirrors Laser Line-to-line space = 3 µm Laser spot = 7 µm Recording each 0.5 µm Detectors

25 Solid phase cytometer (ChemScan RDI)

26 LOB interest in MARPLAN Single cell analysis : FISH / MICROFISH : training, improve protocols, inter-comparison of results between different groups, Cell sorting techniques : training, development of new protocols to improve PCR amplification of sorted cells, to share protocols between groups Collection of isolates (bacteria,..more????) : Environmental collections and databases : can we share our data and organize a single database? At least, we could develop a website on which collections and databases could be linked. A listing of strains available in these collections will be essential for the upcoming genomic program. Can we share expertises for the characterization of environmental strains? Training : We can organize in Banyuls (2007) : A workshop and/or a practical course on FISH in collaboration with Roscoff (Banyuls : bacteria / Roscoff : phytoplankton) - intercomparison of methods

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