STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING TNCF DRAFT SYLLABUS.

Transcription

1 STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING TNCF DRAFT SYLLABUS Subject :Microbiology Class : XI TOPIC CONTENT Unit 1: Introduction to Microbiology Definition, Groups of microorganism; Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Viruses, Protozoa [with photographic illustrations; History of Microbiology, Contributions of:anton Van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur; Disproving spontaneous generation theory, Swan neck experiment, Other contributions: Edward Jenner, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Alexander Fleming, Walksman, Branches of Microbiology, Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology, Parasitology, Physiology, Microbial Genetics, Immunology. Unit 2 : Microscopy Unit 3 : Staining Scope of Microbiology, Microscope, Types of microscope; Bright field microscope, Resolving Power, Numerical aperture, Magnification, Principle and working mechanism of Microscope, Dark field Microscope; Principle and working, Path of light. Microbiological stains, Acidic stains, Basic stains, Differential staining, Grams staining, Special staining, Endospore staining

2 Unit 4 : Sterilization Unit 5 : Cultivation of Microorganisms Definition, Methods Sterilization in flowchart, Sterilization - Dry heat /Diagram of air oven, Sterilization types, Moist heat, Autoclave, Radiation, UV Rays, Gamma Rays. Introduction, Types of media, Basal, Selective, Differential, Enriched, Special; Cultural characteristics of bacteria and fungi, Colony characteristics of bacteria and fungi, Pure culture methods: Introduction, Streak plate technique, Pour plate and spread plate technique. Unit 6 : Nutrient requirements of microbes, Nutritional types of microorganisms, Photo autotrophs with Microbial Nutrition and Growth examples, Photo lithotrophs, Chemo autotrophs, Chemo heterotrophs, Photo organotrophs, Chemo organotrophs, Photosynthesis in bacteria and cyanobacteria, Growth curve and its phase,factors influencing growth: Temperature, Osmotic Concentration; Psychrophilic (ph, O2), Mesophiles, Thermophiles, Extreme thermophiles, Measurements of growth, Turbidity, Cell counting, Viable count, Total count, Batch and continuous culture, Chemostat, Turbidosat. Unit 7 : Morphology of Bacteria Define prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Size, shape, arrangements of bacteria, Structure external to cell wall slime, capsules, cell wall, structure and function, Structure internal to cell wall, Cell membrane; structure & function, Cytoplasmic

3 organelles, Nuclear material, Inclusion bodies, Appendages; Flagella and pili, Eukaryotic cell structure-algae, Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. Unit 8 : Microbial Taxonomy Terms, Definition of Taxonomy and its objectives, Binomial nomenclature, taxa, genus, species, strain, biovar, subspecies, serovar, Whittaker: 5 kingdom classification, Classical taxonomy, Morphological characters, Biochemical characters, Molecular taxonomy, G : C ratio, rrna sequence analysis, Phylogeny- 16S rrna sequencing, Salient features of bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa. Unit 9 : Introduction, Microbiology of air, Composition of air, Sources of microbialcontamination of air, Air Environmental Microbiology borne diseases, Enumeration of microorganisms in air by settle plate technique, Microbiology of water, Distribution of microbes in aquatic environment, Sources of microbial contamination of water, Potable water, Indicator organisms, Water born diseases, Sewage treatment, Eutrophication, Composting, Methods, Biogas production. Unit 10 : Soil Microbiology Distribution and significance of microbes in soil, Factors influencing microbial population, Interactions, Harmful: Parasitism, Beneficial: Symbiosis, Commensalism, Rhizosphere, phyllosphere, Spermsphere, Rhizosphere effect.

4 Unit 11 : Agricultural Microbiology Unit 12 : Medical Microbiology Introduction, Nitrogen cycle, Sulfur / carbon cycle / phosphorous, Bio fertilizers, Rhizobium, Phosphorous Solubilizes, VAM, BGA, Azolla, Biopesticides, Bacterial Bt, Fungal Verticillum, Viral NPV, Plant disease, Bacterial, Fungal, Viral. Introduction to medical microbiology, Normal flora of body, Microbial infections of the Human body, Respiratory tract, Urinary tract, Gastrointestinal tract, Skin, Genitourinary, CNS,Ocular infections, Systemic infections. Unit 13 : General Introduction,Organs of the immune system, Cells of immune system (flow chart), Immunology Innate immunity, Adaptive immunity, Elaborate humoral and cellular mediated, Immunity, Antigens, Antibodies, IgG- - structure, Classes, Antigen Antibody reactions, Agglutination, Harm agglutination, ABO, Precipitation. Unit 14 : Microbial Genetics DNA as genetic material, Griffith experiment, Avery, McLeod experiment, Structure of DNA, DNA Replication.

5 STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING TNCF DRAFT SYLLABUS Subject:Microbiology Class: XII TOPIC CONTENT Unit 1 : Developments in Microbiology Microbes in space, Emerging microbes, EBOLA, ZIKA, Immunology, Monoclonal antibodies, Stem cells & therapy, Molecular Biology & Genetic engineering, Genetically modified microbes, Nanoparticle production using microbes, Equipments, Confocal microscope, DNA sequencing system, Use of automated machines in microbial identification. Unit 2 : Microscopy Unit 3 : Control of Microorganisms by Phase Contrast Microscope, Introduction, General principle, working mechanism, Applications, Fluorescence Microscope, Introduction, General Principle, Working mechanism, Applications; Electron Microscope, Introduction, TypesTransmission electron microscope (TEM)Scanning electron microscope (SEM), General principle, Working mechanism, Application, Comparison of different microscopes. Control of microbes by chemicals, Introduction, Bacteriostatic, Bactericidal, Antiseptics,

6 Chemical Methods Disinfectants, Important chemical agents used in microbial control: Alcohol, Formaldehyde, Ethylene oxide, Phenol, Quaternary Ammonia compounds, Heavy metals inhibitors, Evaluation of antimicrobial agents, Tube dilution, Phenol Coefficient method, Antibiotics, General introduction classification of antibiotics based on mode of action, Antibiotic susceptibility testing, Disc diffusion, Drug resistance. Unit 4 : General concepts, High energy phosphates (concept with examples), ATP generation, Microbial Metabolism Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron transport chain, Catabolism of proteins, Catabolism of Lipids, Fermentation, Industrial fermentation and examples, Other fermentation and examples (idly, appam), Enzymes: Apoenzyme, Holoenzyme, Co-factors, Co-enzymes, Prosthetic groups, Microbial enzymes: Catalase, Oxidase, Proteases, Lipases, DNase, Coagulase. Unit 5 : Food and Dairy Microbiology Food Microbiology, Common food items, Sources of microorganisms in food, Factors that influence the growth of microbes in foods, Food spoilage, Causes of food spoilage, Causes of food poisoning, Food preservation methods, Food borne diseases and causative agents, Dairy Microbiology, Milk, Composition & Properties, Sources of microorganisms in milk, Microbiological standard and grading of milk,

7 MBRT Detailed explanation, Cheese, Yogurt, Curd. Unit 6 : Industrial Microbiology General Introduction, Industrially important microbes: Bacteria, Fungi, Culture strain - selection development and screening, Characteristics of industrially important microbes, Strain improvement, Preservation of industrially important microorganisms, Fermenter, Design, Components and their uses, Large scale production, Downstream processing, Upstream processing, Production: Penicillin, Wine; SCP (Single Cell Protein), Citric acid, Techniques of immobilization. Unit 7 : Pathogenic attributes, Routes of entry, General characteristics, Pathogenesis, Clinical features, Medical Bacteriology Lab diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and control of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum, Leptospirainterrogans, Treponema pallidum, Salmonella typhi, Shigelladysentriae, Vibrio cholera, Neisseria gonorrhea, Neisseria meningitides, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucellaabortus. Unit 7 : Medical Parasitology Introduction, General characteristics, Pathogenesis, Clinical features, Lab diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and control of Entamoebahistolytica, Giardia lamblia,

8 Wucherreriabancrofti, Plasmodium vivax and falciparum, Leishmaniadonovani. Unit 9 : Medical Mycology and Virology Introduction, Superficial mycoses, Dermatophycosis, Systemic mycoses, Cryptococcosis, Subcutaneous mycoses, Mycetoma, Opportunistic mycoses, Candidiasis, General properties of viruses, Virus classification, Cultivation of viruses, Herpes virus, Adeno virus, Hepatitis B virus, Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, Zika virus, HIV, Influenza virus, Rabies virus. Unit 10: Antigen Presentation, Antigen Presenting cells, Immunology Antigen Processing and presentation, Antigen - Antibody reactions, Immunofluorescence, ELISA, Types, Procedure, Application, Western blot techniques, Hypersensitivity (Each type with one Example)Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV; Tissue transplantation, Vaccines, Updated National Immunization Programme scheduled chart. Unit 11: Microbial Genetics Concept of Gene, Genetic Code, Transcription and Translation (Very brief note), Mutation & Its Types, Transfer of Genetic Material, Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction, Recombinant DNA Technology, Introduction, Vectors - types and characteristics, Restriction

9 Enzymes, Steps involved in gene cloning (only flow chart), Techniques in Genetic Engineering (Very brief concept notes), Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, PCR, DNA Finger printing, RAPD, RFLP.