M I C R O B I O L O G Y WITH DISEASES BY TAXONOMY, THIRD EDITION
|
|
- Douglas King
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 M I C R O B I O L O G Y WITH DISEASES BY TAXONOMY, THIRD EDITION Chapter 1 A Brief History of Microbiology Lecture prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
2 The Early Years of Microbiology What Does Life Really Look Like? Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (Dutch) Began making and using simple microscopes Often made a new microscope for each specimen Examined water and visualized tiny animals, fungi, algae, and single-celled protozoa; animalcules By end of 19th century, these organisms were called microorganisms
3 Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Figure 1.1
4 Reproduction of Leeuwenhoek's microscope Figure 1.2
5 The microbial world Figure 1.3
6 The Early Years of Microbiology How Can Microbes Be Classified? Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish) developed taxonomic system for naming plants and animals and grouping similar organisms together Leeuwenhoek s microorganisms grouped into six categories as follows: Fungi Protozoa Algae Bacteria Archaea Small multicellular animals
7 The Early Years of Microbiology Fungi Eukaryotic (have membrane-bound nucleus) Obtain food from other organisms Possess cell walls Composed of Molds multicellular; grow as long filaments; reproduce by sexual and asexual spores Yeasts unicellular; reproduce asexually by budding; some produce sexual spores
8 Fungi: (a) Penicillium chrysogenum, (b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Figure 1.4
9 The Early Years of Microbiology Protozoa Single-celled eukaryotes Similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular structure Live freely in water; some live in animal hosts Asexual (most) and sexual reproduction Most are capable of locomotion by Pseudopodia cell extensions that flow in direction of travel Cilia numerous, short, protrusions that propel organisms through environment Flagella extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cilia
10 Locomotive structures of protozoa Figure 1.5
11 The Early Years of Microbiology Algae Unicellular or multicellular Photosynthetic Simple reproductive structures Categorized on the basis of pigmentation, storage products, and composition of cell wall
12 Algae: (a) Spirogyra, (b) diatoms Figure 1.6
13 The Early Years of Microbiology Bacteria and Archaea Unicellular and lack nuclei Much smaller than eukaryotes Found everywhere there is sufficient moisture; some isolated from extreme environments Reproduce asexually Two kinds Bacteria cell walls contain peptidoglycan; some lack cell walls Archaea cell walls composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan
14 Streptococcus within a human cheek cell Figure 1.7
15 Immature stage of a parasitic worm in blood Figure 1.8
16 Viruses infecting a bacterium Figure 1.9
17 The Golden Age of Microbiology Scientists searched for answers to four questions Is spontaneous generation of microbial life possible? What causes fermentation? What causes disease? How can we prevent infection and disease?
18 The Golden Age of Microbiology Some philosophers and scientists of the past thought living things arose from three processes: asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, or from nonliving matter Aristotle proposed spontaneous generation living things can arise from nonliving matter
19 The Golden Age of Microbiology Redi s Experiments When decaying meat was kept isolated from flies, maggots never developed Meat exposed to flies was soon infested As a result, scientists began to doubt Aristotle s theory
20 Redi's experiments Figure 1.10
21 The Golden Age of Microbiology Needham s Experiments Scientists did not believe animals could arise spontaneously, but did believe microbes could Needham s experiments with beef gravy and infusions of plant material reinforced this idea
22 The Golden Age of Microbiology Spallanzani s Experiments Concluded that Needham failed to heat vials sufficiently to kill all microbes or had not sealed vials tightly enough Microorganisms exist in air and can contaminate experiments Spontaneous generation of microorganisms does not occur Critics said sealed vials did not allow enough air for organisms to survive and that prolonged heating destroyed life force
23 Louis Pasteur Figure 1.11
24 The Golden Age of Microbiology Pasteur s Experiments When the swan-necked flasks remained upright, no microbial growth appeared When the flask was tilted, dust from the bend in the neck seeped back into the flask and made the infusion cloudy with microbes within a day
25 Pasteur's experiments with "swan-necked" flasks Figure 1.12
26 The Golden Age of Microbiology The Scientific Method Debate over spontaneous generation led in part to development of scientific method Observation leads to question Question generates hypothesis Hypothesis is tested through experiment(s) Results prove or disprove hypothesis Accepted hypothesis leads to theory/law Reject or modify hypothesis
27 The Scientific Method Figure 1.13
28 The Golden Age of Microbiology What Causes Fermentation? Spoiled wine threatened livelihood of vintners Some believed air caused fermentation; others insisted living organisms caused fermentation Vintners funded research to promote production of alcohol but prevent spoilage during fermentation This debate also linked to debate over spontaneous generation
29 Pasteur's application of the scientific method Figure 1.14
30 The Golden Age of Microbiology Table 1.1
31 The Golden Age of Microbiology What Causes Disease? Pasteur developed germ theory of disease Robert Koch studied causative agents of disease Anthrax Examined colonies of microorganisms
32 Robert Koch Figure 1.15
33 The Golden Age of Microbiology Koch s Contributions Simple staining techniques First photomicrograph of bacteria First photomicrograph of bacteria in diseased tissue Techniques for estimating CFU/ml Use of steam to sterilize media Use of Petri dishes Techniques to transfer bacteria Bacteria as distinct species
34 Bacterial colonies on agar Figure 1.16
35 The Golden Age of Microbiology Koch s Postulates Suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy hosts Agent must be isolated and grown outside the host When agent is introduced into a healthy, susceptible host, the host must get the disease Same agent must be found in the diseased experimental host
36 The Golden Age of Microbiology Table 1.2
37 Results of Gram staining Figure 1.17
38 The Golden Age of Microbiology How Can We Prevent Infection and Disease? Semmelweis and handwashing Lister s antiseptic technique Nightingale and nursing Snow infection control and epidemiology Jenner s vaccine field of immunology Ehrlich s magic bullets field of chemotherapy
39 Florence Nightingale Figure 1.18
40 Scientific disciplines and applications Figure 1.19
41 The Modern Age of Microbiology Table 1.3
42 The Modern Age of Microbiology What Are the Basic Chemical Reactions of Life? Biochemistry Began with Pasteur s work on fermentation and Buchner s discovery of enzymes in yeast extract Kluyver and van Niel microbes used as model systems for biochemical reactions Practical applications Design of herbicides and pesticides Diagnosis of illnesses and monitoring of patients responses to treatment Treatment of metabolic diseases Drug design
43 The Modern Age of Microbiology How Do Genes Work? Microbial genetics Molecular biology Recombinant DNA technology Gene therapy
44 The Modern Age of Microbiology Microbial Genetics Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty determined genes are contained in molecules of DNA Beadle and Tatum established that a gene s activity is related to protein function Translation of genetic information into protein explained Rates and mechanisms of genetic mutation investigated Control of genetic expression by cells described
45 The Modern Age of Microbiology Molecular Biology Explanation of cell function at the molecular level Pauling proposed that gene sequences could Provide understanding of evolutionary relationships and processes Establish taxonomic categories to reflect these relationships Identify existence of microbes that have never been cultured Woese determined cells belong to bacteria, archaea, or eukaryotes Cat scratch disease caused by unculturable organism
46 The Modern Age of Microbiology Recombinant DNA Technology Genes in microbes, plants, and animals manipulated for practical applications Production of human blood-clotting factor by E. coli to aid hemophiliacs Gene Therapy Inserting a missing gene or repairing a defective one in humans by inserting desired gene into host cells
47 The Modern Age of Microbiology What Role Do Microorganisms Play in the Environment? Bioremediation uses living bacteria, fungi, and algae to detoxify polluted environments Recycling of chemicals such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur
48 The Modern Age of Microbiology How Do We Defend Against Disease? Serology The study of blood serum Von Behring and Kitasato existence in the blood of chemicals and cells that fight infection Immunology The study of the body s defense against specific pathogens Chemotherapy Fleming discovered penicillin Domagk discovered sulfa drugs
49 Effects of penicillin on a bacterial "lawn" in a Petri dish Figure 1.20
50 The Modern Age of Microbiology What Will the Future Hold? Microbiology is built on asking and answering questions The more questions we answer, the more questions we have
The Golden Age of Microbiology Discovering the Cause of Disease. Packet #3
The Golden Age of Microbiology Discovering the Cause of Disease Packet #3 Scientists searched for answers to four questions: Is spontaneous generation of microbial life possible? What causes fermentation?
More informationChapter 1. A Brief History of Microbiology
Chapter 1 A Brief History of Microbiology What is a microbe/ microorganism? A microbe is a living organism that require a microscope to be seen - Microbial cells range in size from millimeters (mm) to
More informationDeveloped a taxonomic system for grouping similar organisms together. System grouped into 2 categories: Plants and animals.
Carolus Linnaeus Developed a taxonomic system for grouping similar organisms together. System grouped into 2 categories: Plants and animals. Louis Pasteur Conducted the swan-necked flask experiments. Quoted
More informationA Brief History of Microbiology
CHAPTER 1 A Brief History of Microbiology Chapter Outline The Early Years of Microbiology (pp. 2 7) What Does Life Really Look Like? How Can Microbes Be Classified? The Golden Age of Microbiology (pp.
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes EXCEPT 1) A) infection.
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is NOT associated with viruses? 1) A) capsid envelope spikes organelles
More information1. Define the science of microbiology and describe some of the general methods used in the study of microorganisms
Prescott's Microbiology Chapter 1 The Discovery of Microorganisms This chapter introduces the field of microbiology and discusses the importance of microorganisms not only as causative agents of disease
More informationIntroduction to Microbiology Lecture #1 Dr. Gary Mumaugh
Subjects Covered Microbiology Overview Microbiology History Microbiology Relevance & Impact Germ Theory Koch s Postulates Cell Theory Introduction to Microbiology Lecture #1 Dr. Gary Mumaugh Microbiology
More informationComposition of the Microbial World: - Procaryotes: relative simple morphology and lack true membrane delimited nucleus
Welcome to TL2203 Environmental Microbiology Introduction to the biology of bacterial and archaeal organisms. Topics include microbial cell structure and function, methods of cultivation, genetics, phylogeny
More informationDr. Gary Mumaugh. Introduction to Microbiology
Dr. Gary Mumaugh Introduction to Microbiology Microbiology Overview Microbiology History Microbiology Relevance & Impact Germ Theory Koch s Postulates Cell Theory Microbiology Overview Branch of biology
More informationChapter 1. Microbiology. Scope of Microbiology MICROBIAL HABITATS & ROLES:
PowerPoint to accompany Microbiology: A Systems Approach Cowan/Talaro Chapter 1 The Main Themes of Microbiology Chapter 1 Topics to Cover: Scope of Microbiology Importance of Microorganisms Human Use of
More informationThe Microbial World and You
What is microbiology? The Microbial World and You Chapter 1 BIO 220 This is the study of microorganisms (microbes), which are living organisms that can not be visualized with the naked eye. We will discuss
More informationMain Themes of Microbiology. BIO 370 Microbiology Dr. Ramos
Main Themes of Microbiology BIO 370 Microbiology Dr. Ramos What is a microorganism? Microscopic organisms Ubiquitous Different types Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoa Algae Helminths Origin of Microorganisms
More informationBiology 318 Introduction to Microbiology
Biology 318 Introduction to Microbiology Microbiology The study of small living things Cells - Bacteria, Algae, Protozoa, Fungi Not Cells - Viruses and Prions All are UBIQUITOUS Prokaryotic Cells Simpler,
More informationMicrobiology: A Systems Approach, 2 nd ed. Chapter 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology
Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 2 nd ed. Chapter 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology 1 Chapter 1 Topics The Scope of Microbiology Impact of Microorganisms Human use of Microorganisms Infectious diseases
More information1) Microbes live in us, on us and nearly everywhere around us. Which of the following activities are microbes involved in?
Chapter 1: Scope and History of Microbiology Question Type: Multiple Choice 1) Microbes live in us, on us and nearly everywhere around us. Which of the following activities are microbes involved in? a)
More informationMicrobial Biotechnology agustin krisna wardani
Microbial Biotechnology agustin krisna wardani 1. The Structure of Microbes Microbes (microorganisms) are tiny organisms that are too small to be seen individually by the naked eye and must be viewed with
More informationVirginia Western Community College BIO 205 General Microbiology
Prerequisites BIO 205 General Microbiology One year of college biology and one year of college chemistry or divisional approval; an ENG 111 placement recommendation, co-enrollment in ENF 3/ENG 111, or
More informationChapter 1: Scope and History of Microbiology
Chapter 1: Scope and History of Microbiology Why Study Microbiology? Microbes (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and some algae) live in us, on us, and nearly everywhere around us. They have a major
More informationBio Microbiology - Spring 2011 Learning Guide 01
Bio 230 - Microbiology - Spring 2011 Learning Guide 01 http://www.bact.wisc.edu/microtextbook/index.php?module=book&func=displaychapter&chap_id=32&theme=printer One does not have to "see bacteria" to know
More informationStudent: 2. All cellular organisms can be placed into one of three, which include the Bacteria, Archaea, and the Eukarya.
Link download full: Test Bank for Prescotts 9th Edition by Willey http://testbankcollection.com/download/test-bank-for-prescottsmicrobiology-9th-edition-by-willey Student: 1. Extant microorganisms are
More informationA. Incorrect! The study of Microorganisms is included in the definition of microbiology.
Microbiology - Problem Drill 01: Introduction to Microbiology No. 1 of 10 1. Microbiology is the study of all of the following except. (A) Microorganisms (B) Viruses (C) Multicellular parasites (D) Plants
More informationSection A: Prokaryotes Types and Structure 1. What is microbiology?
Section A: Prokaryotes Types and Structure 1. What is microbiology? 2. Compare and contrast characteristics of each bacterial type: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. Eubacteria Both Archaebacteria 3. Label
More informationNATURE OF MICROBES WORKBOOK
NATURE OF MICROBES WORKBOOK Name: Tutor Group: 1 Microbes and Mankind 4. NATURE OF MICROBES 1. OBJECTIVES: What are microbes and are there different types? How are they seen? How can they be grown? How
More informationHSC Biology. The Search for Better Health. DUXCollege. Week 2. Student name:. Class code:.. Teacher name:.
Week 2 Student name:. Class code:.. Teacher name:. DUXCollege 1 WEEK 2 THEORY DURING THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19 TH CENTURY, THE WORK OF PASTEUR AND KOCH AND OTHER SCIENTISTS STIMULATED THE SEARCH FOR MICROBES
More informationJEFFERSON COLLEGE GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
JEFFERSON COLLEGE COURSE SYLLABUS BIO215 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 5 Credit Hours Prepared by: Dr. Cecil M. Hampton Revised Date: November 2005 by Dr. Ken Balak Arts & Science Education Dr. Mindy Selsor, Dean
More informationChapter 1 Microbes in Our Lives Microbes in Our Lives Designer Jeans: Made by Microbes? Microbes in Our Lives Naming and Classifying Microorganisms
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chapter 1 The Microbial World and You Microbes in Our Lives Microorganisms are organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye Includes: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and
More informationChapter 1 - The History and Scope of Microbiology
BIOL 3702 Lecture Outline Chapter 1 - The History and Scope of Microbiology What is Microbiology? The term microbiology is defined as: The study of organisms and agents too small to be seen clearly with
More informationProkaryotic Structure o All prokaryotes are unicellular, lack a nucleus and membranebound
Microbiology is a subdivision of cellular biology that focuses on microorganisms and their effect on other living things. Some microbes are pathogenic, but most are harmless. Microorganisms occur in a
More informationViruses and Prokaryotes
Viruses and Prokaryotes Viruses Are they living things? Viruses can reproduce, however, they cannot reproduce without a host cell. They also do not contain cytoplasmic materials and they do not have a
More informationName Block Desk # BACTERIA AND VIRUSES. 1. What are prokaryotes? They are -celled organisms with no
Name Block Desk # BACTERIA AND VIRUSES Identifying Bacteria: 1. What are prokaryotes? They are -celled organisms with no - bound organelles. 2. True or false: prokaryotes are much larger that eukaryotes.
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which statement is generally NOT true? A) Microbial cells exist as single cells. B) Microbial
More informationThe Cell Theory: A Brief History
The Cell Theory: A Brief History Robert Hooke (1665) observed compartments in cork, under a microscope, and first named cells (the basic unit of biology) His observations were limited by the low magnification
More informationIntroduction, by Tortora, Funke and Case, 11th Ed. TENTATIVE LECTURE OUTLINE DATE TOPIC CHAPTER
MICROBIOLOGY 220 Spring 2014 TTh Section Professor: Scott Rose Text: Microbiology; An Introduction, by Tortora, Funke and Case, 11th Ed. TENTATIVE LECTURE OUTLINE DATE TOPIC CHAPTER Jan. 23 Introduction
More informationGENERAL MICROBIOLOGY GENERAL INFORMATION
GENERAL INFORMATION COURSE ITEMS TITLE & CREDIT: DESCRIPTION: OBJECTIVES: PREREQUISITES: FORMAT: Biol 340. General Microbiology. (3 semester credits). Biol 350. General Microbiology Lab. (1 semester credit).
More informationChapter 1. Microbes in Our Lives. Microbes in Our Lives. Microbes in Our Lives
1 Microbes in Our Lives 2 Chapter 1 The Microbial World and You Microorganisms are organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye Germ refers to a rapidly growing cell Lectures prepared by
More informationMicroorganisms : Friend and Foe
2 Microorganisms : Friend and Foe MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following reproduces only inside a host cell? (a) Bacteria (c) Amoeba (b) Virus (d) Fungus. 2. A disease in human beings caused
More informationBIO 205 Microbiology with Lab (Title Change ONLY Oct. 2013) Course Package. Approved December 10, 2004 Effective Spring 2005
BIO 205 Microbiology with Lab (Title Change ONLY Oct. 2013) Course Package Approved December 10, 2004 Effective Spring 2005 Modified April 3, 2009 COURSE INFORMATION Title MICROBIOLOGY Number BIO 205 Catalog
More informationTHE BENEFITS AND USES OF MICROBES
MODULE 4 MICROBES AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY U N I T 2 THE BENEFITS AND USES OF MICROBES A. MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1 Read What is biotechnology? and decide which of the words below can be used instead
More informationMICROBIOLOGY 20 (course #3124)
Stephen Brown (instructor) Los Angeles Mission College, Fall 2008 Lab: TTh 5:30-6:55, INST 2016 email: BrownST@lamission.edu Lecture: TTh 7:00-8:25, INST 2001 voicemail: 818-364-7665 office hours: TTh
More informationIntroduction of Microbiology
Introduction of is the deepest & widest branch in all over the universe. So microbiology is placed in the broad field of Biology. is the study of living organisms of microscopic size which include bacteria,
More informationI Microbes The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology
I Microbes The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology The Importance of Microorganisms most populous and diverse group of organisms found everywhere on the planet play a major role in recycling essential
More informationIntroduction to Microbiology
Introduction to Microbiology Microbiology may be defined as the science or study of microscopic organisms, i.e., organisms too small to be observed with the naked eye (from the Greek terms micro = small,
More informationMicrobiology 101 Nina G. Parkinson NGP Consulting November 11, 2014
Microbiology 101 Nina G. Parkinson NGP Consulting November 11, 2014 Section Summary Microorganisms of importance in foods How they grow? Why are they a problem? How they can be controlled? How they can
More informationLesson 1.2. Suspect Profiling. Estimated time: One 50 min period. Instructional overview. Instructional objectives. Assessment
Lesson 1.2 Suspect Profiling Estimated time: One 50 min period Instructional overview Lesson 1.2 will introduce students to criminal profiling techniques. Students will use these techniques to investigate
More informationDNA Technology. B. Using Bacteria to Clone Genes: Overview:
DNA Technology A. Basic Vocabulary: is DNA from 2 different sources that is combined. is the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. literally means or in a test tube or flask. is the manipulation
More informationMicrobiology
Western Technical College 10806197 Microbiology Course Outcome Summary Course Information Description Instructional Level Total Credits 4.00 This course examines microbial structure, metabolism, genetics,
More informationSixth Grade Science BLOCK 2 ASSESSMENT Simple Organisms
Sixth Grade Science BLOCK 2 ASSESSMENT Simple Organisms 2008-09 Directions: Choose the best answer for each question. Then mark your choice on your answer sheet. 1. Which of the following best describes
More informationWhat is Microbiology?
What is Microbiology? micro = small bio = life -logy (logos) = discourse The study of organisms too small to be seen clearly with the unaided eye. (e.g. without a microscope)... What is Microbiology? A.
More informationMicrobiology: What is it?
Microbiology: What is it?! Study of organisms who are too small to be seen without a microscope.! Study of small organisms or microorganisms. NOT just Bacteria!! Study of single celled organisms. The original
More informationMICROBIO, IMMUN, PATHOLOGY-MIP (MIP)
Microbio, Immun, Pathology-MIP (MIP) 1 MICROBIO, IMMUN, PATHOLOGY-MIP (MIP) Courses MIP 101 Introduction to Human Disease (GT-SC2) Credits: 3 (3-0-0) Survey of human systems and diseases. Additional Information:
More informationCell Growth and Reproduction
Cell Growth and Reproduction Robert Hooke was the first person to describe cells, in the year 1665. He was looking through his microscope at a piece of cork when he noticed a lot of repeating honeycomb
More informationAGRO/ANSC/BIO/GENE/HORT 305 Fall, 2016 Overview of Genetics Lecture outline (Chpt 1, Genetics by Brooker) #1
AGRO/ANSC/BIO/GENE/HORT 305 Fall, 2016 Overview of Genetics Lecture outline (Chpt 1, Genetics by Brooker) #1 - Genetics: Progress from Mendel to DNA: Gregor Mendel, in the mid 19 th century provided the
More informationFARM MICROBIOLOGY 2008 PART 2: BASIC STRUCTURE AND GENETICS OF BACTERIA. 1. Epulopiscium fishelsoni and Thiomargarita namibiensis.
FARM MICROBIOLOGY 2008 PART 2: BASIC STRUCTURE AND GENETICS OF BACTERIA I. Basic Morphology (Shape) of Vegetative Cells. A. Microscopic. Example Escherichia coli (aka E. coli) is 1.3 µm (= 0.000052 inch)
More informationPage 3. 18) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology.
Name: 1117 1 Page 1 1) A small amount of DNA was taken from a fossil of a mammoth found frozen in glacial ice. Genetic technology can be used to produce a large quantity of identical DNA from this mammoth's
More informationLABORATORY SKILLS. Unit 18 Microbiology Suite. Cambridge TECHNICALS LEVEL 3. D/507/6165 Guided learning hours: 60. ocr.org.
2016 Suite Cambridge TECHNICALS LEVEL 3 LABORATORY SKILLS Unit 18 Microbiology D/507/6165 Guided learning hours: 60 Version 3 - September 2016 - black line indicates updated content ocr.org.uk/science
More informationMICROBES are microorganisms that are ever present
Microbes in Food Science MICROBES are microorganisms that are ever present in the world around us. Whenever a plant or animal dies, microbes begin to break down the once-living organism into usable energy
More informationCHAPTER 20 DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENOMICS. Section A: DNA Cloning
Section A: DNA Cloning 1. DNA technology makes it possible to clone genes for basic research and commercial applications: an overview 2. Restriction enzymes are used to make recombinant DNA 3. Genes can
More informationName Per AP: CHAPTER 27: PROKARYOTES (Bacteria) p559,
AP: CHAPTER 27: PROKARYOTES (Bacteria) p559, 561-564 1. How does the bacterial chromosome compare to a eukaryotic chromosome? 2. What is a plasmid? 3. How fast can bacteria reproduce? 4. What is a bacterial
More informationBACTERIA. NO or membrane bound WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF PROKARYOTES? TYPES EUBACTERIA ARCHAEBACTERIA. bilayer embedded with
Bacteria and Virus Notes WHAT ARE PROKARYOTES? ALWAYS organisms BACTERIA NO or membrane bound Very compared to cells WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF PROKARYOTES? TYPES EUBACTERIA ARCHAEBACTERIA MAJOR DIFFERENCES
More informationBiology Test Review Microorganisms
Name: Period: Biology Test Review Microorganisms Use your booklet, notes, & quizzes to complete this review. 1. Define the following terms using a few key words: a. Host cell - victim of the virus b. Retrovirus
More informationIntroduction to the course
8/19/08 Introduction to the course FISH/CMBL 7660 Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Instructor: John Liu Tel. 334-844-8727 Zliu@acesag.auburn.eduauburn edu Why Molecular Genetics Capability to across
More informationHow antimicrobial agents work
Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes Physical Agents heat or radiation Chemical Agents disinfectants or antiseptics Important Terms 1. Sterilization process of killing all viable microbes 2. Bactericide
More informationCourse Descriptions. BIOL: Biology. MICB: Microbiology. [1]
Course Descriptions BIOL: Biology http://www.calendar.ubc.ca/vancouver/courses.cfm?code=biol [1] BIOL 112 (3) Biology of the Cell The principles of cellular and molecular biology using bacterial and eukaryotic
More informationNitrogen & Bacteria. A biological journey through the environment
Nitrogen & Bacteria A biological journey through the environment Sources of Nitrogen to the Environment Agricultural Natural Industrial Transportation Nitrogen as a pollutant Too much Nitrogen can cause
More informationIn order to do transformation, the gene to be transferred is placed into a plasmid. This is done with the help of restriction enzymes, 7
Fluorescent Protein Transformation Student Background Genetic transformation occurs when a cell takes up (i.e. takes inside) and expresses a new piece of genetic material DNA. Genetic transformation literally
More informationChapter 03 - Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of microorganisms
Microbiology: A Systems Approach 4th Edition Cowan Test Bank Completed download: https://testbankreal.com/download/microbiology-systems-approach-4thedition-test-bank-cowan/ (Downloadable package TEST BANK
More informationDNA: THE GENETIC MATERIAL
DNA: THE GENETIC MATERIAL This document is licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Italy license, available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/it/ 1. Which macromolecule
More informationInoculate: Media. Physical State of Media: Liquid. The Five I s: Basic Techniques to Culture Microbes Tools of the Microbiology Laboratory
The Five I s: Basic Techniques to Culture Microbes Tools of the Microbiology Laboratory 1. Inoculate 2. Incubate 3. Isolate 4. Inspect 5. Identify The Five I s: Inoculate Inoculate: Media Classified according
More informationPART A - (5 X 8 = 40 marks) Answer any Five of the following. All questions carry equal marks.
(DMB 01) M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, DECEMBER 2005 First Year Paper I - INTRODUCTION TO MICRO ORGANISMS Time : Three hours Maxiumu : 100 marks 1. Agrobacterium and its imptance. 2. G + C ratio.
More informationRecombinant DNA Technology. The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology. yeast. Biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology.
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 8 Recombinant DNA Technology The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology?
More informationCHAPTER 2A HOW DO YOU BEGIN TO CLONE A GENE? CHAPTER 2A STUDENT GUIDE 2013 Amgen Foundation. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER 2A HOW DO YOU BEGIN TO CLONE A GENE? 35 INTRODUCTION In the Program Introduction, you learned that the increase in diabetes in the United States has resulted in a great demand for its treatment,
More informationLecture 3 (FW) January 28, 2009 Cloning of DNA; PCR amplification Reading assignment: Cloning, ; ; 330 PCR, ; 329.
Lecture 3 (FW) January 28, 2009 Cloning of DNA; PCR amplification Reading assignment: Cloning, 240-245; 286-87; 330 PCR, 270-274; 329. Take Home Lesson(s) from Lecture 2: 1. DNA is a double helix of complementary
More informationProviding clear solutions to microbiological challenges TM. cgmp/iso CLIA. Polyphasic Microbial Identification & DNA Fingerprinting
Providing clear solutions to microbiological challenges TM Cert. No. 2254.01 Polyphasic Microbial Identification & DNA Fingerprinting Microbial Contamination Tracking & Trending cgmp/iso-17025-2005 CLIA
More informationBiology questions, 2 pt each. The following choices are used for questions 1 2. (a) coryneform (b) sarcina (c) spirillum
Biology 2261 Summer 2006 Name Exam 1, Version A Be sure to put your name on the mark-sense sheet and on the exam booklet. Both must be turned in at the end of the period. Indicate the correct version letter
More informationGenetics Lecture 21 Recombinant DNA
Genetics Lecture 21 Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA In 1971, a paper published by Kathleen Danna and Daniel Nathans marked the beginning of the recombinant DNA era. The paper described the isolation of
More informationPeople have always wondered. How do traits get passed from one generation to the next?
DNA People have always wondered How do traits get passed from one generation to the next? When did we discover that DNA existed? 1869- Johann Freidrich Meischer Found in the nucleus To simple for heredity
More informationImmune System. Viruses vs. Bacteria
Immune System Viruses vs. Bacteria Concept Map Section 19-1 Bacteria are classified into the kingdoms of Eubacteria Archaebacteria include a variety of lifestyles such as live in harsh environments such
More information3. A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram below.
Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the statement below and on your knowledge of biology. Scientists have found a gene in the DNA of a certain plant that could be the key to increasing the amount
More informationPage 1 of 27
Page of 7 Mark schemes antibodies allow antitoxins / memory cells do not allow antigens immune ignore protection allow resistant (i) fell numerical qualification to zero / nothing / by 00% allow stopped
More informationM I C R O B I O L O G Y WITH DISEASES BY TAXONOMY, THIRD EDITION
M I C R O B I O L O G Y WITH DISEASES BY TAXONOMY, THIRD EDITION Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics Lecture prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, University of Tennessee, Knoxville The Structure and Replication
More informationNOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech )
NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech ) Vocabulary Genetic Engineering Gene Recombinant DNA Transgenic Restriction Enzymes Vectors Plasmids Cloning Key Concepts What is genetic engineering?
More informationFrequency of Keyword Totals - (All LE Regents Exams)
Frequency of Keyword Totals - (All LE Regents Exams) KEYWORD COUNT KEYWORD COUNT ecosystem 58 DNA 48 energy pyramid 19 graph 19 scientific method 19 photosynthesis 43 decomposer 18 human impact 42 clone
More informationBiotechnology: Unlocking Nature s Secrets
Course Syllabus Biotechnology: Unlocking Nature s Secrets Course Code: EDL052 Course Description How is technology changing the way we live? Is it possible nature can provide all the answers to some of
More informationChapter 10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs. 10/15/ MDufilho
Chapter 10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs 10/15/2017 1 MDufilho The History of Antimicrobial Agents Drugs Chemicals that affect physiology in any manner Chemotherapeutic
More informationCELLS OVERVIEW- NGSS. [Pathways MS-LS1-1: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 16? MS-LS1-2: 6, 7, 8, 14?, 15? MS-LS1-6: 12, 13 MS-LS1-7: 10, 11, 13
CELLS OVERVIEW- NGSS MS-LS1-1: Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells; either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells. MS-LS1-2: Develop and use
More informationCourse Syllabus Microbiology BIOL 2420 Spring 2014 (January 13 May 11) 75877
Semester with Course Reference Number (CRN) Instructor contact information (phone number and email address) Office Location and Hours Course Location/Times Course Semester Credit Hours (SCH) (lecture,
More informationGMOs and Pasteurization
GMOs and Pasteurization Pasteurization Discovery of Pasteurization The process of pasteurization was named after Louis Pasteur in 1863 He was searching for the reason behind the spoilage of wine and beer
More informationAuthor. Intended Audience
Microbial Discovery Activity Build a Bacterium Scavenger Hunt Author Janelle Hare, PhD Biological & Environmental Sciences Morehead State University, Morehead, KY jm.hare@morehead-st.edu Intended Audience
More informationB.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS DDU GORAKHPUR UNIVERSITY, GORAKHPUR Industrial Microbiology D. D. U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur B.Sc.
Industrial Microbiology D. D. U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur B.Sc. III B.Sc. II: Three papers and a practical examination as follows: Paper I: Food Microbiology Papers II: Fermentation Technology Papers
More informationMicrobiology with Laboratory (BIOL 190)
Microbiology with Laboratory (BIOL 190) 4 credit hours June 5 - August 5, 2017 Professor Anastasia Levitin (Bldg. 215, Office 201) Lecture Schedule: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 10:30am-11:50am (Bldg. 517,
More informationLab Exercise #4 Microbial Control Lab Exercise #4 Control of Microorganisms: Physical, Chemical and Chemotherapeutic
Lab Exercise #4 Control of Microorganisms: Physical, Chemical and Chemotherapeutic I. OBJECTIVES: Investigate the effectiveness various agents of control. Assess the effectiveness of heat in killing vegetative
More informationChapter 9 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment. 10/1/ MDufilho
Chapter 9 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment 10/1/2017 1 MDufilho Table 91 Terminology of Microbial Control 10/1/2017 MDufilho 2 Number of living microbes Figure 91 A plot of microbial death
More informationUNIT ONE Performance Objective Critical Attributes Benchmarks/Assessment
Curriculum Standard: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the ways biology affects their lives and the industry of agriculture. The student will use the scientific method and research techniques
More informationMICROBIAL GROWTH. Dr. Hala Al-Daghistani
MICROBIAL GROWTH Dr. Hala Al-Daghistani Microbial Growth Microbial growth: Increase in cell number, not cell size! Physical Requirements for Growth: Temperature Minimum growth temperature Optimum growth
More information