THE B2X WORLD B2B. Electronic Transactions. by Koussouris S., Lampathaki F., Askounis D.

Transcription

1 THE B2X WORLD B2B Electronic Transactions by Koussouris S., Lampathaki F., Askounis D.

2 etransaction Categories G2C B 2 B C2C G2G

3 Business to Business Transactions

4 Towards ebusiness Processes 1/3 Manufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer Wholesaler Distributor Intermediates E-intermediaries Retailer Consumer Consumer Consumer

5 Towards ebusiness Processes 2/3 Traditional Traditional Supplier Manufacturer Distributor Customer Nowadays Digital Value Network Customers Suppliers Manufacturers Distributors

6 Towards ebusiness Processes 3/3 R & D Finance/ Accounting Customers Procurement Sales Software ICT Interfaces Suppliers Partners Hardware E-business IT Consulting Manufacturers

7 Competitiveness in the Modern World Bargaining Power of Buyers Threat of Substitution Threat of Potential Entrants Competitive Rivalry Bargaining Power of Suppliers Porter s Five forces

8 ebusiness and Competitiveness Low Prices and Differentiation/Options are keywords for B2B ICTs are in a position to: Lower Supply Chain Operations Minimize Order Handling Expenses Lower Distribution Costs Shorten Delivery and Repsonse Times To build more attractive and quality based products Strengthen enterprise s position in the market

9 B2B General Characteristics Most B2B Transactions are Client-Server based Web is the main platform used Cost in hardware and software is reasonable and low Systems are user-friendly But customisation is pricey and difficult! Offered some times by Application Service Providers (ASP): Application with high security and availability Rely on Value Added Networks (VAN): Hardware, Software and Infrastructure for data exchange

10 Β2Β Benefits Operational Level Ease and Automation of Business Transactions Lowering Information processing costs Improving Information accuracy Lowering Inventory related costs Minimizing human errors Electronic Payments between companies Getting rid of Intermediaries

11 Β2Β Benefits Strategic Level Acceleration of Business Cycle Re-orientation possibilities (in Operations, ICTs, etc ) Improvement of offered services Strengthening the Brand Name Multiple competitive advantages over other enterprises

12 B2B Examples Electronic Document Exchange Invoices Contracts.. Electronic Supply Chain Operations Raw Material Equipment. Electronic Collaboration Resource Sharing Data/Information Sharing. Electronic Provision of Services/Goods

13 From EDI to XML/RDF/JSON etc The dominant exchange protocol until 1999 EDI = Electronic Data Interchange Automatic electronic exchange of data through strictly defined templates Includes Ordering, Shipping Notice, Invoicing, etc Most information contained in EDI transaction are the same as on conventional documents Based on ANSI ASC X12 standards On top of LAN, MAN, WAN Networks

14 Benefits of EDI Reduced costs for transactions Less time and lower costs associated with receiving, processing, and storing documents Improved accuracy Eliminates inefficiencies Increased Productivity Streamlines tasks However EDI implementations are pricey!

15 Internet (Open) EDI SMEs were not able to deploy private networks for obvious reasons Internet (Open) EDI deals with the deployment of EDI over the Internet Data and Information are based on template documents Less Accuracy and Security == Lower Cost The use of cryptography is a solution towards security issues

16 Today s B2B World is full of. Different Systems and Installations (SAP, IBM, CAS, Oracle,..) Different set of standards (XML, JSON, ebxml, ebisxml, Rosettanet, UN/CCTS, RDF,..) Different Architectures (Centralized, Federated, Cloud based, Broker based,..) Different Communication mechanisms/channels

17 Hot Topics Include Interoperability Legal Rules Business Rules Data Services Infrastructure People. Country Legislation Domain Legislation Unspoken Rules Common Rules

18 Need of a middle man The Middleware Middleware is computer software for connecting applications Connects software components or some people and their applications. A set of services that allows multiple processes running on one or more machines to interact. Includes web servers, application servers, and similar tools that support application development and delivery. Middleware is especially integral to modern information technology based on XML, SOAP, Web services, and service-oriented architecture. Examples include EAI software, telecommunications software, transaction monitors, and messaging-and-queueing software. But there are also many efforts for common standards!

19 The GENESIS Project Creating a Platform for End-to-End B2B and G2B Electronic Transactions in the new European Union (FP6-ICT)

20 Project Info Consortium: 20 Partners from 11 different countries 4 Enterprise Application (EA) Vendors 3 Research Institutes 1 Enterprise Modelling Tool Provider 1 Association - Standardization Body 11 Pilot Users (enterprises governments banks) Countries: Greece, Italy, Austria, Germany, UK Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Cyprus, Lithuania, Czech Republic The GENESIS consortium represents more than 200,000 end-user installations of enterprise applications worldwide

21 The idea To make everyday transactions of an enterprise (with other enterprises, administrations and banks) run through the Internet To cover all major B2B and G2B transactions (ordering, invoicing, payments, VAT, taxation, etc) To make existing back-office systems interoperable, reusing existing infrastructure To develop a hybrid, semantically enriched middleware, operating both as server-based and P2P system for managing transactions To ensure a legal operation, in more than one countries To provide a solution that is cheap, scalable and can be adopted by IT vendors and user enterprises

22 The Vision: a community of Systems SME A (e.g. Greece) ` XML Internet XML Banking Institutions ` XML XML XML GENESIS Server Governmental Bodies

23 The Challenges Which are the most important transactions for a typical SME? How to model business processes that run in many countries, many sectors and involve different types of enterprises? Business documents are different from country to country Business Rules and Legal Framework differ from country to country. ERP systems have different interconnection capabilities, especially the smaller ones How to construct a viable business model?

24 GENESIS Transactions Among SME s 1. Catalogue exchange 2. Initiation of Buyer Sourcing 3. Ordering 4. Invoicing 5. Order Dispatching and Fulfillment Among SME s and Governments 6. VAT and TAX statements and payments 7. INTRASTAT statements 8. Social security statements and payments 9. Declaration of hiring new employees 10. eprocurement transactions Among SME s and Banks 11. Bank Account Status and Information 12. Bank Payments and Transfers Selection made after Impact Assessment Model application for typical SME a in Pilot Countries

25 The Pilot Countries Country B2B Transactions B2G Transactions Bank Transactions Greece ü ü ü Italy ü ü Turkey ü ü Cyprus ü ü Lithuania ü ü Bulgaria Romania Czech Republic ü ü ü

26 Trans-formative Process Modeling Private Public Collaboration Automated transformation from manual to electronic, executable processes

27 Standardised, Generic Business Documents Generic Business Document Business Document in Country Context

28 based on Reusable Components (UN/CCTS)

29 How to create Business Documents BIE (Basic Business Information Entity) a piece of business data or a group of pieces of business data with a unique Business Semantic definition. BBIE (Basic Business Information Entity) that represents a singular business characteristic of a specific Object Class in a specific Business Context. A BBIE has a unique Business Semantic definition. ASBIE(Associated Business Information Entity) represents a complex business characteristic of a specific Object Class in a specific Business Context. An ASBIE has a unique Business Semantic definition. ABIE (Aggregated Business Information Entity) represents a collection of related pieces of business information that together convey a distinct business meaning in a specific Business Context. Definitions from UN/CEFACT Core Components Technical Specification 2.01 and Wikipedia

30 creating Standardised Data Hierarchies Purchase Order Address ID number Identifier

31 Business Processes and Documents are complemented with Legal and Business Rules Legal Framework Business Framework Legal Element Business Sector / Enterprise Business Process Legal Rule Business Document Business Rule Business System

32 GENESIS Hybrid Architecture A A Adapter Process Choreography Document / Message Exchange Adapter Data Schemas Workflow Rules to ERP A Logic A Transfor mation A Server Partner Lookup Document Transformation Schemas Transaction Workflow Definition Rules Matching Hybrid Components Repository Data Components Process Models Rules

33 GENESIS Business Models Interoperability as a Product (IaaP) involves IT vendors that sell and support license-based middleware for their Enterprise applications, allowing them to interoperate following open standards Interoperability as a Service (IaaS), involves Service Providers that provide services of orchestration, semantic matching, standard business documents and dispatching through multi-channel infrastructures More, extended services may include: Supply Chain Set-Up and Integration Knowledge, both domain specific and horizontal Content, both domain specific and horizontal Every SME may be a user or a provider of services (services exceed the IT domain) Governments and banks may also buy and sell services in the global exchange

34 GENESIS Contribution to B2B Interoperability GENESIS Interoperability Registry: a set of well-defined processes, data models, electronic documents, legal and business rules for the supported transactions in 10 countries. Already being extended to egovernment Services a prototype ISU registry. GENESIS Server: a system allowing for setting up B2B/G2B collaboration and performing managed electronic transactions between systems a prototype ISU engine. GENESIS Adapters: ready-made, standards-based, semantics-driven, middleware for making ERP systems and back-office government systems interoperable GENESIS Web Client: an HTML based, 0-client application for creating, sending and receiving business documents, useful to VSE s GENESIS Methods: a cookbook for analysing processes, defining executable workflows, constructing generic Business Documents, developing new and modifying legacy software.

35 QUESTIONS Dr. Koussouris S. - skous@mail.ntua.gr Dr. Lampathaki F. - flamp@epu.ntua.gr