HOLISTIC PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN. Integrated approach of contemporary architecture

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1 HOLISTIC PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN Integrated approach of contemporary architecture Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D Budapest University of Technology and Economics Faculty of Architecture Engineering Department of Building Constructions

2 We have to change the traditional experience based design method of architecture NEW POSSIBILITIES NEW DEMANDS

3 DESIGN TOOLS Frank Gehry- Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California, opened on October 24, Digital architecture allows complex calculations that delimit architects and allow a diverse range of complex virtual forms to be created.

4 DESIGN TOOLS High-tech Smart Application Problem: Artificial materials, separation from surroundings

5 DESIGN TOOLS Adaptation - Passive Design Traditional residential house in Hungary dnarchitecture.com Problem: to achieve required comfort level

qualities of the surface Frank Gehry- Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles,

6 TASKS Real buildings are very often too complicated, expensive with structural anomalies Complicated structure, foundation problems Dangerous reflective qualities of the surface Frank Gehry- Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California, opened on October 24,

7 TASKS BUILT ENVIRONMENT V.S. NATURAL RESOURCES COMFORT & POLLUTION

8 GOALS OF SUSTAINABILITY o Minimize consumption and depletion of material resources. o Minimize the life-cycle impact of materials on the environment. o Minimize environmental pollution. o Minimize the impact of materials on indoor environmental quality.

9 Awareness of design parameters together with huge amount of technical opportunities, and functional aspects have triggered new demands for architects. NEW DEMANDS RMIT Architecture Program - Melbourne Successful integration of complex principles and new technologies into a creative design NEW APPROACH

11 COMPLEX, INTEGRATED DESIGN LOCAL PROJECT ORIENTED DATABASE SYSTEM

12 MULTILEVEL SITE SPECIFIC DATABASE TRADITIONAL DATABASE SYSTEM MULTILEVEL DATABASE SYSTEM

13 DESIGN CONDITIONS Site & functional parameters Requirements Legislation Performance options

SITE PARAMETERS - examples Microclimate Climate (sunshine, temperature and wind) has a crucial influence on all design decisions and parameters

Careful consideration of the above issues at the earliest stages of a design can have an enormous impact on reducing subsequent operating costs. 1.

14 SITE PARAMETERS - examples Microclimate Climate (sunshine, temperature and wind) has a crucial influence on all design decisions and parameters such as orientation, glazing, thermal mass, insulation, ventilation and zoning. Careful consideration of the above issues at the earliest stages of a design can have an enormous impact on reducing subsequent operating costs. 1. Sunshine Design issues Thermal and Visual comfort Heating Cooling Lighting 1.Surface to volume ratio 1. Shading 1. Windows 2. Insulation 2. Exterior colors 2. Glazing 3.Infiltration 3. Insulation 3. Interior finishes

15 SITE PARAMETERS - examples Microclimate 2. Wind effects Orientation and filtration Wind patterns around a building - related problems: wind pressure, natural ventilation, air infiltration, driving rain, smoke distribution, energy consumption of building, street comfort, air change, air pollution in urban spaces.

HOLISTIC PERFORMANCE BASED APPROACH PERFORMANCE BASED MEASUREMENT Each existing impacts COMPLEX EVALUATION Whole building from the very first step (Holism) REAL DATABASE

16 HOLISTIC PERFORMANCE BASED APPROACH PERFORMANCE BASED MEASUREMENT Each existing impacts COMPLEX EVALUATION Whole building from the very first step (Holism) REAL DATABASE Social, Environmental, Functional, Structural, Economical We have to take into consideration the whole complexity of aspects and available data during the design process

17 COMPLEXITY OF BUILDING REQUIREMENTS Hungarian Regulation: OTÉK 253/1997. (XII.20.) recast 211/2012. (VII.30.) stability, mechanical strength fire protection noise and vibration protection safety and barrier free solutions life and wealth protection energy saving and heat protection health and environment protection sustainable consumption of natural resources Each requirement should be fulfilled at the same time OPTIMUM SOLUTION

18 EFFECTS, REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS ACCORDING TO THE IMPACTS loads given from wind, snow, structures SUPPORTING, FIXING UV radiation UV PROTECTION rainfall WATERPROOFING, DRAIN SYSTEM Internal - external temperature THERMAL INSULATION Internal external vapour pressure VAPOUR RESISTANCE chemical, mechanical etc. interaction SEPARATION noise SOUND INSULATION fire FIRE RESISTANCE

19 COMPLEX EVALUATION Photos: Gergely Dobszay Ph.D Architects need to take into consideration the whole complexity of available data

20 HEAT LOSS BY FILTRATION Ventilation Heat Loss taking into account at total energy consumption Ep VENTILATION CONDENSATION OPTIMUM! % of heating energy consumption

21 CAD BASED MEASUREMENT Simulation Problematic : complex database, comparative analysis

22 According to the holistic approach, a building should be thought of as a whole. A building should be seen as an integrated part of a process in dialog with the surroundings and its occupants The house approached as a complete system, with specific features and performance requirements, not as a collection of independent industrial engineering disciplines (electrical, mechanical, structural, and so on).. HOLISTIC APPROACH

24 STAGES OF HOLISTIC DESIGN CONTINUOUS CONTROL Preventive and remedial measures and decisions should always be evaluated in the context of the whole Feedback system

25 DESIGN MATRIX PhD Dissertation Fülöp Zsuzsanna 2007 Requirements determined by local database.

26 It is important to start the performance based holistic activities as early as possible in the course of the project. It is at the stage when the framework is established that it is possible to choose between different structural alternatives. As the project takes shape and becomes more detailed the degrees of freedom and the possibilities of choosing better alternatives are reduced.

DESIGN METHOD FOR ARCHITECTS HOLISTIC PERFORMANCE BASED APPROACHED re-thinking the architectural design as a coordinated set of stages, and

27 DESIGN METHOD FOR ARCHITECTS HOLISTIC PERFORMANCE BASED APPROACHED re-thinking the architectural design as a coordinated set of stages, and sub-stages, replaces the traditional experience-related system by a more conscious, rational, and theory based process. Heneghan Peng: Kildare County Council

28 COMPLEX DECISIONS In Santiago Calatrava designs one of the most interesting buildings is the Turning Torso Tower in Malmo, Sweden. The sketches illustrate how he based this idea on the turning of a human torso. The geometry that makes up the Turning Torso Tower is very simple. Each floor is rotated a certain number of degrees to the floor below, giving the building its twisted effect. Turning Torso Tower has many sustainable features including a system for recycling organic waste into Biogas,

COMPLEX DECISIONS The Swiss Re building and City Hall in London designed by Sir Norman Foster are examples of how he is inspired by abstract shapes.

29 COMPLEX DECISIONS The Swiss Re building and City Hall in London designed by Sir Norman Foster are examples of how he is inspired by abstract shapes. The geometry in these buildings can be broken down into primitive shapes. The buildings of great architects prove the importance of conscious transformation ideas into constructions. Parameters of real building depend on the material structural performances.

first step of the design process Global architecture?

30 The architect has to evaluate connections between building environment (effects) and structural performances from the very first step of the design process Global architecture? Design process is common DESIGN PARAMETERS ARE UNIQUE BUILDING WILL BE INDIVIDUAL

SITE AND FUNCTION orientation shape of building The local climate see the microclimate of the site; Free solar contributions: they depend on the orientation of the building, on the position and on

35 SITE AND FUNCTION orientation shape of building The local climate see the microclimate of the site; Free solar contributions: they depend on the orientation of the building, on the position and on the size of the windows and on the outer solar masks. Architectural specifications: complexity of the form and surface as well as orientation of the windows (even with a very high performance level they are far from achieving the thermal performance of a solid wall) Kép. Graf 2003 /

38 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!

PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS. How to choose and adapt structural variations?

PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS How to choose and adapt structural variations? Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D Budapest University of Technology and Economics Faculty of Architecture Engineering