SECTION SITE CLEARING

Transcription

1 SECTION SITE CLEARING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementaty Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. B. Subsurface Exploration report No , prepared by Geotechnology Inc., dated AprillO, SUMMARY A. Section Includes: 1. Protecting existing vegetation to remain. 2. Removing existing vegetation. 3. Clearing and grubbing. 4. Stripping and stockpiling topsoil. 5. Removing above- and below-grade site improvements. 6. Disconnecting, capping or sealing, removing site utilities, and abandoning site utilities in place. B. Related Sections: 1. Division 01 Section "Construction Facilities and Temporaty Controls" for temporary utility services, construction and support facilities, security and protection facilities. 2. Division 01 Section(s) "Cleaning" for cleaning and waste disposal operations. 3. Division 02 Section "Demolition" for demolition of structures and site improvements. 4. Division 02 Sections for environmental remediation and handling of hazardous and contaminated materials. 5. Divisions 22, 23 and 26 Sections for capping, sealing or removing mechanical and electrical utilities. 6. Division 31 Section "Earth Moving" for excavation and backfill for structures. 1.3 DEFINITIONS A. Subsoil: Soil beneath the level of subgrade; soil beneath the topsoil layers of a naturally occurring soil profile, typified by less than 1 percent organic matter and few soil organisms. SITE CLEARING

2 B. Surface Soil: Soil that is present at the top layer of the existing soil profile. In undisturbed areas, surface soil is typically called "topsoil," but in disturbed areas such as urban environments, the surface soil can be subsoil. C. Topsoil: Top layer of the soil profile consisting of existing native surface topsoil or existing in-place surface soil; the zone where plant roots grow. Its appearance is generally friable, pervious, and black or a darker shade of brown, gray, or red than underlying subsoil; reasonably free of subsoil, clay lumps, gravel, and other objects larger than 1 inches (25 mm) in diameter; and free of weeds, roots, toxic materials, or other non-soil materials. D. Tree-Protection Zone: Area surrounding individual trees or groups of trees to be protected during construction, defmed by a circle concentric with each tree with a radius equal to the diameter of the drip line unless otherwise indicated. E. Vegetation: Trees, shmbs, groundcovers, grass, and other plants. 1.4 MATERIAL OWNERSHIP A. Except for materials indicated to be stockpiled or otherwise remain Owner's property, cleared materials shall become Contractor's property and shall be removed from Project site. B. Historic items, relics, antiques, and similar objects including, but not limited to, cornerstones and their contents, commemorative plaques and tablets, and other items of interest or value to Owner that may be uncovered during demolition remain the property of Owner. 1. Carefully salvage in a manner to prevent damage and promptly return to Owner. 1.5 SUBMITTALS A. Topsoil stripping and stockpiling program. B. Record Drawings: Identify and accurately show locations of capped utilities and other subsurface stmctural, electrical, and mechanical conditions. 1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Pre-constmction conference. To be held on-site. 1. Inspect and discuss condition of constmction to be demolished. 2. Review stmcturalload limitations of existing roads. 3. Review and finalize protection requirements. 4. Review procedures for noise control and dust control. 5. Review procedures for protection of adjacent buildings. 6. Review items to be salvaged and returned to Owner. B. Topsoil Stripping and Stockpiling Program: Prepare a written program to systematically demonstrate the ability of personnel to properly follow procedures and handle materials SITE CLEARING

3 and equipment during the Work. Include dimensioned diagrams for placement and protection of stockpiles. 1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS A. Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied or used facilities during site-clearing operations. 1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without permission from Owner's Construction Representative and authorities having jurisdiction. 2. Provide altemate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by Owner's Construction Representative or authorities having jurisdiction. B. Salvageable Improvements: Carefully remove items indicated to be salvaged and store on Owner's premises where indicated by Owner's Construction Representative. C. Utility Locator Service: Notify Missouri One Call for area where Project is located before site clearing. D. Do not commence site clearing operations until temporaty erosion- and sedimentationcontrol measures are in place. E. The following practices are prohibited within tree-protection zones: 1. Storage of construction materials, debris, or excavated material. 2. Parking vehicles or equipment. 3. Foot traffic. 4. Erection of sheds or structures. 5. Impoundment of water. 6. Excavation or other digging unless otherwise indicated. 7. Attachment of signs to or wrapping materials around trees or plants unless otherwise indicated. F. Do not direct vehicle or equipment exhaust towards protection zones. G. Prohibit heat sources, flames, ignition sources, and smoking within or near protection zones. H. Soil Stripping, Handling, and Stockpiling: Perform only when the soil is dty or slightly moist. PART 2 -PRODUCTS 2.1 MATERIALS A. Satisfactoty Soil Material: Requirements for satisfactmy soil material are specified in Section "Earth Moving." SITE CLEARING

4 1. Obtain approved borrow soil material off-site when satisfactory soil material is not available on-site. PART 3 -EXECUTION 3.1 PREPARATION A. Protect and maintain benchmarks and survey control points from disturbance during construction. B. Verify that sedimentation and erosion controls have been installed so that all work can be perfotmed in accordance with the State's Land Disturbance permit. C. Locate and clearly identify trees to remain. Flag each tree trunk at 54 inches (1372 mm) above the ground. D. Protect existing site improvements to remain from damage during construction. 1. Restore damaged improvements to their original condition, as acceptable to Owner's Constmction Representative. 3.2 TREE AND PLANT PROTECTION A. Repair or replace trees, shrubs, and other vegetation indicated to remain or be relocated that are damaged by construction operations in a manner approved by the Owner's Construction Representative. 3.3 EXISTING UTILITIES A. Locate, identify, disconnect, and seal or cap utilities indicated to be removed or abandoned in place. 1. Arrange with utility companies and Owner's Constmction Representative to have indicated utilities shut off. B. Locate, identify, and disconnect utilities indicated to be abandoned in place. C. Intermpting Existing Utilities: Do not intenupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others, unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after ananging to provide temporary utility services according to requirements indicated: 1. Notify Owner's Constmction Representative not less than two days in advance of proposed utility interruptions. 2. Do not proceed with utility intenuptions without Owner's Constmction Representative's written permission. D. Excavate for and remove underground utilities indicated to be removed. SITE CLEARING

5 3.4 CLEARING AND GRUBBING A. Remove obstructions, trees, shrubs, and other vegetation to permit installation of new construction. 1. Do not remove trees, shrubs, and other vegetation not indicated for removal. 2. Remove stumps and remove roots, obstructions, and debris to a depth of 18 inches ( 450 mm) below exposed sub grade. 3. Root balls from large trees shall be completely removed. 4. Use only hand methods or air spade for grubbing within protection zones. 5. Chip removed tree branches and deliver to a mulching or recycling facility. B. Fill depressions caused by clearing and grubbing operations with satisfactory soil material unless further excavation or earthwork is indicated. 1. Place fill material in horizontal layers not exceeding a loose depth of 8 inches (200 mm), and compact each layer to a density equal to adjacent original ground. 3.5 TOPSOIL STRIPPING A. Remove sod and grass before stripping topsoil. B. Strip topsoil to depth of 6 inches (150 mm) in a manner to prevent intermingling with underlying subsoil or other waste materials. 1. Remove subsoil and nonsoil materials from topsoil, including clay lumps, gravel, and other objects larger than 2 inches (50 mm) in diameter; trash, debris, weeds, roots, and other waste materials. C. Stockpile topsoil away from edge of excavations without intennixing with subsoil or other materials. Grade and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust and erosion by water. 1. Limit height of topsoil stockpiles to 72 inches ( 1800 mm). 2. Do not stockpile topsoil within protection zones. 3. Stockpile surplus topsoil for future phase work as available. 3.6 SITE IMPROVEMENTS A. Remove existing above- and below-grade improvements as indicated and necessary to facilitate new construction. B. Remove slabs, paving, curbs, gutters, and aggregate base as indicated. 1. Unless existing full-depth joints coincide with line of demolition, neatly saw-cut along line of existing pavement to remain before removing adjacent existing pavement. Saw-cut faces vertically. 2. Paint cut ends of steel reinforcement in concrete to remain with two coats of antirust coating, following coating manufacturer's written instructions. Keep paint off surfaces that will remain exposed. SITE CLEARING

6 3.7 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS A. Remove unsuitable topsoil, obstructions, demolished materials, and waste materials including trash and debris, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property, or on-site at the direction of the Owner's Construction Representative. B. Separate recyclable materials produced during site clearing from other nonrecyclable materials. Store or stockpile without intermixing with other materials, and transport them to recycling facilities. Do not interfere with other Project work. END OF SECTION SITE CLEARING

7 SECTION EARTH MOVING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementmy Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. B. "Missouri Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2011," Missouri Highways and Transpmiation Commission. C. Subsmface Exploration repmi No. J , prepared by Geotechnology Inc., dated AprillO, SUMMARY A. Section Includes: 1. Excavating and filling for rough grading the Site. 2. Preparing sub grades for slabs-on-grade, walks, pavements, turf, grasses, and plants. 3. Excavating and backfilling for structures. 4. Excavating and backfilling trenches for utilities, tunnels and pits for buried utility structures. B. Related Sections: 1. Division 01 Section "Construction Facilities and Temporaty Controls" for temporaty controls, utilities, and support facilities; also for temporary site fencing if not in another Section. 2. Division 02 Section "Demolition" for demolition and removal of structures before mass excavation. 3. Division 02 Sections for environmental remediation and handling of hazardous and contaminated materials. 4. Division 22 and 23 Sections for capping, sealing or removing mechanical and electrical utilities. 5. Division 31 Section "Site Clearing" for site stripping, grubbing, stripping topsoil, and removal of above- and below-grade improvements and utilities. EARTH MOVING

8 1.3 UNIT PRICES A. There is no unit pncmg for this work. Any reference to MoDOT specifications specifically excludes any basis for payment provisions. 1.4 DEFINITIONS A. Backfill: Soil material or controlled low-strength material used to fill an excavation. 1. Initial Backfill: Backfill placed beside and over pipe in a trench, including haunches to support sides of pipe. 2. Final Backfill: Backfill placed over initial backfill to fill a trench. B. Base Course: Aggregate layer placed between the subbase course and concrete paving. C. Bedding Course: Aggregate layer placed over the excavated subgrade in a trench before laying pipe. D. Borrow Soil: Satisfactmy soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill. E. Excavation: Removal of material encountered above sub grade elevations and to lines and dimensions indicated. 1. Authorized Additional Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions as directed by Owner's Construction Representative. Authorized additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for at unit prices to be agreed upon by the Owner and the Contractor. 2. Unauthorized Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions without direction by Owner's Construction Representative. Unauthorized excavation, as well as remedial work directed by Owner's Construction Representative, shall be without additional compensation. 3. All earthwork is to be performed in accordance with Geotechnology, Inc. Subsurface Exploration repoti, Project No , dated April10, All earthwork, including the positive approach for Remediation of Existing Fill, as defined in the repoti is to be included in the base bid. 4. Rock Excavation: Material that requires jack hammering for its practical and effective removal. a. Materials include sandstone, limestone, shale, siltstone, or similar material, in masses measuring more than one (1) cubic yard in volume or in ledges 4" or more in thickness. b. Rock encountered in two or more ledges, being 3" or thicker, with interlaying emih strata~ 12" thick, the entire volume from the top of the top ledge to the bottom of the bottom ledge is classified as rock. F. Fill: Soil materials used to raise existing grades. EARTH MOVING

9 G. Maximum Density: Maximum dry weight in pounds per cubic foot of a specific material, as determined by ASTM D698, Standard Proctor Density. H. Optimum Moisture: Percentage of water at maximum density. I. Rock: Rock material in beds, ledges, unstratified masses, conglomerate deposits, and boulders of rock material that exceed 1 cu. yd. (0.76 cu. m) for bulk excavation or 3/4 cu. yd. (0.57 cu. m) for trench and pit excavation that cannot be removed by rock-excavating equipment, without systematic drilling, ram hammering, ripping or blasting, when permitted. J. Rubble: Buried concrete foundations, beams, walls, and other material. K. Structures: Buildings, footings, foundations, retaining walls, slabs, tanks, curbs, mechanical and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made stationary features constructed above or below the ground surface. L. Subbase Course: Aggregate layer placed between the subgrade and base course for hotmix asphalt pavement, or aggregate layer placed between the subgrade and a cement concrete pavement or a cement concrete walk. M. Subgrade: Uppermost surface of an excavation or the top surface of a fill or backfill immediately below subbase or topsoil materials. N. Utilities: On-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables as well as underground services within buildings. 1.5 PRE-CONSTRUCTION MEETING A. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct pre-excavation conference at Project site. 1. Review methods and procedures related to eatihmoving, including, but not limited to, the following: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Coordination of Work with other on-site Contractors. Coordination of Work while Owner operations are on-going. Submittal of plans and narratives for addressing procedures during unanticipated utility disruptions. Submittal of plans and narratives for addressing method of demolition of individual components Submittal of plans and narratives for addressing sequencing issues, and Contractor's understanding of these issues. Haul Route. Grading intent across the project site within this demolition phase. Utility abandonment. EARTH MOVING

10 1.6 SUBMITTALS A. Product Data: For each type of the following manufactured products required: 1. Controlled low-strength material, including design mixh1re. B. Pre-excavation Photographs or Videotape: Show existing conditions of adjoining construction and site improvements, including finish surfaces that might be misconstrued as damage caused by earth-moving operations. Submit before emth moving begins. 1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Geotechnical Testing Agency Qualifications: Qualified according to ASTM E 329 and ASTM D 3740 for testing indicated. 1.8 PROJECT CONDITIONS A. Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied or used facilities during earth-moving operations. 1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without petmission from Owner's Construction Representative and authorities having jurisdiction. 2. Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by Owner's Constmction Representative or authorities having jurisdiction. B. Improvements in Public Right-of-Way: Authority for perfotming earth moving indicated in the public right-of-way adjoining Owner's property will be obtained by Contractor before beginning earth moving. 1. Do not proceed with work in public right-of-way until directed by Owner's Construction Representative. C. Utility Locator Service: Notify "Missouri One Call" for area where Project is located before beginning eatth moving operations. D. Do not commence eatth-moving operations until temporaty site fencing and erosion- and sedimentation-control measures are in place. E. The following practices are prohibited within tree protection zones: 1. Storage of construction materials, debris, or excavated material. 2. Parking vehicles or equipment. 3. Foot traffic. 4. Erection of sheds or structures. 5. Impoundment of water. 6. Excavation or other digging unless otherwise indicated. EARTH MOVING

11 7. Attachment of signs to or wrappmg materials around trees or plants unless otherwise indicated. F. Do not direct vehicle or equipment exhaust towards protection zones. G. Prohibit heat sources, flames, ignition sources, and smoking within or near protection zones. PART 2 -PRODUCTS 2.1 SOIL MATERIALS A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactmy soils are not available from excavation. B. Satisfactmy Soils: Off-site soils include low plasticity silty clay (liquid limit less than 45) and well-graded, crushed rock. On-site excavated soils include low plasticity silty clay materials Suitable soils shall be free of rock or gravel larger than 1" in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation and other deleterious matter, or as defmed in the geotechnical report. I. Liquid Limit: less than Plasticity Index: 30. C. Satisfactmy Soil within 36" of finish grade in turf and landscape areas shall be as defined above, and free of rock or gravel larger than 1" in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation and other deleterious matter, or as defined in the geotechnical report. Where conflicting, the geotechnical report shall prevail. D. Unsatisfactmy Soils: As defined in the geotechnical report. 1. Unsatisfactmy soils also include satisfactmy soils not maintained within 3 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction. 2. Unsatisfactmy soils also include deleterious materials such as concrete, rock and masomy fragments larger than 4 inches (100 mm) in any dimension, organic material, wood, plastic, metal, tires, trash and other debris. E. Structural Fill: Structural fill per geotechnical report. F. Subbase Material: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand meeting the requirements of MoDOT Type 1 Base Aggregate. G. Granular Trench Backfill: 1. Under Pipe: All backfill under the banel of the pipe shall be free fi om debris, organic matter, and stones larger than one inch, and shall be tamped into place. Sand or stone crushed aggregate (95% passing a W' screen but not more than 10% passing a #200 sieve) are acceptable substitutes for soil. EARTHMOVING

12 2. Adjacent To and Top of Pipe: The first foot of backfill over the top of the pipe shall be "3/4" minus waste rock with fines" uncleaned crushed stone aggregate or suitable soil. Backfill shall be free of debris, brush, roots and stones or rubble more than one inch. 3. Under, Adjacent To, and top of Pipe in bedrock: Sand or fine rock (3/8" minus). This can be local creek run sand as approved by the Owner's Construction Representative. 4. Under Pavement: Full depth (3/4" minus) rock or crushed stone aggregate, or beginning one foot above pipe if in bedrock. H. Bedding Course: ASTM D Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand with 95 percent passing a Yzinch sieve and not more than 10 percent passing a No. 200 sieve. I. Sand: ASTM C 33; fine aggregate. 2.2 GEOTEXTILES A. Subsurface Drainage Geotextile: Nonwoven needle-punched geotextile, manufactured for subsurface drainage applications, made fi om polyolefins or polyesters; with elongation greater than 50 percent; complying with AASHTO M 288 and the following, measured per test methods referenced: 1. Survivability: Class 2; AASHTO M 288. a. Grab Tensile Strength: 157 lbf; ASTM D b. Sewn Seam Strength: 142lbf; ASTM D c. Tear Strength: 561bf; ASTM D d. Puncture Strength: 56 lbf; ASTM D e. Apparent Opening Size: No. 60 sieve, maximum; ASTM D f. Permittivity: 0.2 per second, minimum; ASTM D g. UV Stability: 50 percent after 500 hours' exposure; ASTM D CONTROLLED LOW-STRENGTH MATERIAL A. Controlled Low-Strength Material: produced fi om the following: Self-compacting, flowable concrete material 1. Portland Cement: ASTM C 150, Type I. 2. Normal-Weight Aggregate: ASTM C 33, 3/4-inch nominal maximum aggregate SIZe. 3. Water: ASTM C 94/C 94M. EARTH MOVING

13 4. Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTM C 260. B. Produce conventional-weight, controlled low-strength material with 140-psi compressive strength when tested according to ASTM C 495. PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.1 PREPARATION A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earth-moving operations. B. Protect and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls during earth-moving operations. C. Protect subgrades and foundation soils from freezing temperatures and frost. Remove temporary protection before placing subsequent materials. 3.2 SAFETY A. The means of the work and the safety of the Contractor's employees are solely the responsibility of the Contractor. The Contractor has a contractual obligation to comply with all applicable laws and regulations including those of OSHA. At no time will either the Owner or Owner's Construction Representative take responsibility for either the means of the work or the safety of the Contractor's employees. 3.3 DEWATERING A. Prevent surface water and ground water from entering excavations, from ponding on prepared subgrades, and from flooding Project site and surrounding area. B. Protect subgrades from softening, undermining, washout, and damage by rain or water accumulation. 1. Reroute sutface water runoff away from excavated areas. Do not allow water to accumulate in excavations. Do not use excavated trenches as temporary drainage ditches. 3.4 EXPLOSIVES A. Explosives: Explosives are not authorized for this Project. 3.5 EXCAVATION, GENERAL A. Unclassified Excavation: Excavate to sub grade elevations regardless of the character of surface and subsurface conditions encountered. Unclassified excavated materials may include concrete, masonry, rock, soil materials, debris, organic materials and obstructions. No changes in the Contract Sum or the Contract Time will be authorized for concrete, masomy, rock excavation or removal of any debris, organic materials or EARTHMOVING

14 obstructions. All excavation shall be performed in accordance with the site Geotechnical rep ott. 1. If excavated materials intended for fill and backfill include unsatisfactory soil materials, concrete, masonry and rock, replace with satisfactory soil materials. 2. Where stone, concrete or brick materials are used as fill, a well-graded mixture of particle sizes shall be maintained. B. Excavations at Edges of Tree-Protection Zones: 1. Excavate by hand to indicated lines, cross sections, elevations, and subgrades. Use compressed air or narrow-tine spading forks to comb soil and expose roots. Do not break, tear, or chop exposed roots. Do not use mechanical equipment that rips, tears, or pulls roots. C. Machine slope banks, to angle of repose or less, until shored. Excavations should be made in accordance with OSHA regulations. 3.6 EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES A. Excavate to indicated elevations and dimensions within a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm). If applicable, extend excavations a sufficient distance from structures for placing and removing concrete formwork, for installing services and other construction, and for inspections. All excavation shall be performed in accordance with the site Geotechnical repott. 1. Excavation for Underground Utility Structures: Excavate to elevations and dimensions indicated within a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm). Do not disturb bottom of excavations intended as bearing surfaces. 3.7 EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY TRENCHES A. Excavate trenches to indicated gradients, lines, depths, and elevations. B. Excavate trenches to uniform widths to provide the following clearance on each side of pipe or conduit. Excavate trench walls vertically from trench bottom to 12 inches (300 mm) higher than top of pipe or conduit unless otherwise indicated. 1. Clearance: 6 inches (300 mm) each side of pipe or conduit unless otherwise indicated. C. Trench Bottoms: Excavate and shape trench bottoms to provide unifonn bearing and support of pipes. Shape subgrade to provide continuous support for bells, joints, and barrels of pipes. Remove projecting stones and sharp objects along trench subgrade. 1. Excavate trenches 6 inches (150 mm) deeper than elevation required in rock or other unyielding bearing material to allow for bedding course. EARTHMOVING

15 3.8 SUBGRADE INSPECTION A. Notify Owner's Construction Representative when excavations have reached required subgrade. B. If Owner's Construction Representative determines that unsatisfactory soil is present, continue excavation and replace with compacted backfill or fill material as directed. C. Reconstruct subgrades damaged by freezing temperatures, frost, rain, accumulated water, or construction activities, as directed by Owner's Construction Representative, without additional compensation. 3.9 UNAUTHORIZED EXCAVATION A. Fill unauthorized excavation with satisfactoty soils as directed by Owner's Construction Representative STORAGE OF SOIL MATERIALS A. Stockpile borrow soil materials and excavated satisfactory soil materials without intennixing, unless othetwise indicated by the Owner's Construction Representative. Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust. 1. Stockpile soil materials away from edge of excavations. Do not store within drip line of remaining trees BACKFILL A. Place and compact backfill in excavations promptlyand m accordance with the Geotechnical report, but not before completing the following: 1. Construction below finish grade. 2. Surveying locations of underground utilities for Record Documents. 3. Testing and inspecting underground utilities. 4. Removing concrete formwork. 5. Removing trash and debris. 6. Removing temporaty shoring and bracing, and sheeting. B. Place backfill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice. C. Fill and backfill to be mechanically compacted in uniform lifts not exceeding 8 inches UTILITY TRENCH BACKFILL A. Place backfill on sub grades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice. EARTHMOVING

16 B. Place and compact bedding course on trench bottoms and where indicated. Shape bedding course to provide continuous support for bells, joints, and barrels of pipes and for joints, fittings, and bodies of conduits. C. Trenches under Roadways: Provide 4-inch- (1 00-mm-) thick, concrete-base slab support for piping or conduit less than 30 inches (750 mm) below surface of roadways. After installing and testing, completely encase piping or conduit in a minimum of 4 inches (1 00 mm) of concrete before backfilling or placing roadway subbase course. Concrete is specified in Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete." D. Backfill voids with satisfactmy soil while removing shoring and bracing. E. Place and compact initial backfill of bedding course, free of particles larger than 1 inch (25 mm) in any dimension, to a height of 6 inches (150 mm) over the pipe. 1. Carefully compact initial backfill under pipe haunches and compact evenly up on both sides and along the full length of piping to avoid damage or displacement of piping. Coordinate backfilling with utilities testing. F. Place and compact final backfill of satisfactmy soil to final sub grade elevation SOIL FILL A. Plow, scarify, bench, or break up sloped smfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so fill material will bond with existing material. B. Place and compact fill material inlayers to required elevations as follows: 1. Under grass and planted areas, use satisfactory soil material. 2. Under walks and pavements, use satisfactory soil material. 3. Under building slabs, use satisfactory soil material. C. Place soil fill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice SOIL MOISTURE CONTROL A. Uniformly moisten or aerate subgrade and each subsequent fill or backfill soil layer before compaction to within 1 percent to 3 percent of optimum moisture content. 1. Do not place backfill or fill soil material on smfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice. 2. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dty, otherwise satisfactmy soil material that exceeds optimum moisture content by 3 percent and is too wet to compact to specified compaction requirements COMPACTION OF SOIL BACKFILLS AND FILLS A. EARTHMOVING

17 B. Place backfill and fill soil materials in layers not more than 8 inches (200 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment and not more than 5 inches (125 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers. C. Place backfill and fill soil materials along the full length of each building pad. D. Compact soil materials to not less than the following percentages of maximum dty unit weight according to ASTM D 698: 1. General soil fill: compact each layer of backfill or fill soil material at 90 percent. 2. Crushed rock backfill: compact each layer of initial and final backfill rock material at 95 percent GRADING A. General: Unifotmly grade areas to a smooth surface, free of irregular surface changes. Comply with compaction requirements and grade to cross sections, lines, and elevations indicated. 1. Provide a smooth transition between adjacent existing grades and new grades. 2. Cut out soft spots, fill low spots, and trim high spots to comply with required surface tolerances. 3. Fill all holes and voids as a result of demolition tasks with suitable backfill material to pre-demolition ground elevation, unless otherwise specified. Modify surface as necessaty to provide positive drainage. B. Site Rough Grading: Slope grades to direct water away from buildings and to prevent ponding. Finish subgrades to elevations required to achieve indicated finish elevations, within the following subgrade tolerances: 1. Building Pads and Parking Lots: Plus or minus 1/2 inch (13 mm). 2. All Other Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm). C. Grading inside Building Lines: Finish subgrade to a tolerance of 1/2 inch (13 mm) when tested with a 10-foot (3-m) straightedge SUBBASE AND BASE COURSES UNDER PAVEMENTS AND WALKS A. Place subbase course and base course on sub grades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice. B. On prepared subgrade, place subbase course and base course under pavements and walks as follows: Place base course material over subbase course under concrete pavement. Shape subbase course and base course to required crown elevations and crossslope grades. EARTHMOVING

18 3. Place subbase course and base course 6 inches or less in compacted thiclmess in a single layer. 4. Place subbase course and base course that exceeds 6 inches in compacted thiclmess in layers of equal thickness, with no compacted layer more than 6 inches thick or less than 3 inches thick. 5. Compact subbase course and base course at optimum moisture content to required grades, lines, cross sections, and thiclmess to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D FIELD QUALITY CONTROL A. All bearing soil and backfill will be inspected and tested and at the discretion of the Owner's Construction Representative. Owner will retain the services of an engineering inspection and testing firm. Contractor will be responsible for coordinating and scheduling inspections. B. Allow testing agency to inspect and test subgrades and each fill or backfill layer. Proceed with subsequent earth moving only after test results for previously completed work comply with requirements. C. Testing agency will test compaction of soils in place according to ASTM D 1556, ASTM D 2167, ASTM D 2922, and ASTM D 2937, as applicable. Tests will be performed at the following locations and frequencies: 1. Building Pad Areas: At subgrade and at each compacted fill and backfill layer, at least one test for every 2,500 sq. ft. or less of building pad, but in no case fewer than three tests. 2. Trench Backfill: At each compacted initial and final backfill layer, at least one test for evety 200 feet or less of trench length, but no fewer than two tests. D. When testing agency reports that subgrades, fills, or backfills have not achieved degree of compaction specified, scarify and moisten or aerate, or remove and replace soil materials to depth required; recompact and retest until specified compaction is obtained PROTECTION A. Protecting Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic, freezing, and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris. B. Repair and reestablish grades to specified tolerances where completed or partially completed surfaces become eroded, rutted, settled, or where they lose compaction due to subsequent construction operations or weather conditions. 1. Scarify or remove and replace soil material to depth as directed by Owner's Construction Representative; reshape and re-compact. C. Where settling occurs before Project conection period elapses, remove finished surfacing, backfill with additional soil material, compact, and reconstruct smfacing. EARTHMOVING

19 3.20 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS A. Transpoti surplus satisfactory soil to designated storage areas on Owner's property. Stockpile or spread soil as directed by Owner's Construction Representative. 1. Remove waste materials, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose ofthem off Owner's propetiy. END OF SECTION EARTH MOVING

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