Distribution of Leguminosae family members in Gujarat State of India: Bioinformatics Approach

Transcription

1 Distribution of Leguminosae family members in Gujarat State of India: Bioinformatics Approach Sagar Patel #1, Hetalkumar Panchal #2, Jignesh Smart #3, Kalpesh Anjaria *4 # G. H. Patel Post Graduate Department of Computer Science and Technology, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat , India. * Department of Biology, Shri R. K. Parikh Arts and Science College, Petlad Dist. Anand, Gujarat , India. Abstract - Gujarat is a state in north-western India. It has an area of 78,687 sq mi (203,800 km2) with a coastline of 1,600 km; its capital city is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Leguminosae family is one of the largest families that contain thousands of species of Plants, Herbs, Shrubs and Trees worldwide. There are three subfamilies of Leguminosae family which are Fabaceae (Papilionoideae), Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae. In this paper authors have organised data of Leguminosae family members which are found in Gujarat state, which is further divided into sub zones like Kutch, Saurashtra, North Gujarat, Central Gujarat, South Gujarat and Other region (which includes species found in forests, garden) etc. In addition this data are developed by using Bioinformatics approach, so that user will also get location of each region in Google map, as per choice and after click on respective species it will show species full description. Keywords - Leguminosae family, Bioinformatics, Gujarat state. I. INTRODUCTION Leguminosae family contains species of Plants, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees. Legumes are used as crops, forages and green manures; they also synthesize a wide range of natural products such as flavours, drugs, poisons and dyes. Legumes are able to convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogenous compounds useful to plants. This is achieved by the presence of root nodules containing bacteria of the genus Rhizobium. These bacteria have a symbiotic relationship with Legumes, fixing free nitrogen for the plants; in return legumes supply the bacteria with a source of fixed carbon produced by photosynthesis. This enables many legumes to survive and compete effectively in nitrogen poor conditions. Leguminosae family is further classified into three subfamilies; 1.Papilionoideae (Fabaceae), 2.Caesalpinioideae 3.Mimosoideae. To carry out detailed study of any plant or animal requires a centrally available data of it. One of the ways to centralize the data is to create a database which could be centrally available and updated regularly according to future requirement. As per our knowledge no database maintains information about the legumes regarding its distribution in Gujarat state and other useful information. Thus we aimed to create a database which should available centrally and would provide other useful information. XAMPP package: It is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack package, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. We just need to download, extract and start to use. XAMPP is a free and open source cross platform web server package. It is available for Linux, Windows, Solaris and Mac OS X platforms. PHP language: PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language designed for Web development to produce dynamic Web pages. It is one of the first developed server-side scripting languages to be embedded into an HTML source document rather than calling an external file to process data. The code is interpreted by a Web server with a PHP processor module which generates the resulting Web page. We have written script in PHP language as it has many features. PHP is an object-oriented language - In PHP you can define your own reusable data structures called objects as well as define their attributes (properties) and things they can do (methods). You can also create relationships between various objects and data structures. Dreamweaver Software: It is a web design and development application developed by Adobe Systems that provides a visual WYSIWYG editor and a code editor with standard features such as syntax highlighting, code completion, and code collapsing as well as more sophisticated features such as real-time syntax checking and code introspection for generating code hints to assist the user in writing code. We have connected our database in this software and written PHP script to fetch data from database. As Word is to paper documents, Dreamweaver is specifically for creating high quality web sites, and supplies you with a variety of tools to do so. And as with any new application, Dreamweaver has its own set up and tools. 2184

2 A. Collection of Data II. METHODS Following regions have been considered in Gujarat state for documenting data. They are as under: 1. Kutch: It is a largest district of Gujarat state, covering an area of 45,652 km². 2. Saurashtra The Saurashtra or Kathiwar region comprises the south western part of Gujarat state and the districts included in this region are Rajkot, Junagadh, Bhavnagar, Porbandar, Jamnagar, Amreli, Surendranagar. 3. North Gujarat - The North part of Gujarat is called North Gujarat. It includes Gandhinagar, Banaskantha, Sabarkantha, Mehsana and Patan districts. 4. Central Gujarat- This region is located in central region in Gujarat state which includes Nadiad, Anand, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Vasad, Vadodara, Rajpipla districts. 5. South Gujarat: The Districts in this region are Surat district, Navsari district, Dang district, Valsad district, and the newly formed Tapi district. The main cities other than Surat are Navsari, Vyara, Valsad, Bardoli, Vapi, Bilimora, Chikhli, Songadh. 6. Other Region: This region includes species are found in throughout, wild in deciduous forest; also planted in gardens, scrub forest etc. III. RESULTS The distribution of specific species to a particular region is shown in table 1. It is worth to mentioned that number reflects for each region is for those plants specifically found in that particular region and does not mean that only that number of species found in that particular region. Though there are 115 species are found throughout the state. The output of analysis is resulted in to web page designing. This was done with the help of bioinformatics application to fetch data for request generated by user. Location TABLE I Region specific Species Kutch 25 Saurashtra 60 North Gujarat 25 Central Gujarat 61 South Gujarat 82 Other Region (Throughout) 115 B. Database Development Web pages have been created in.php language with specific to each region wise. Further each webpage includes its respective location in Google map, so user will get species distribution in specific location and further if user wants to get more information for that particular species than after click on species name user will get full information of that species. Web pages are developed with Dreamweaver software and database creation was done with XAMPP Package. Fig.2 Distribution of Leguminosae Family in Gujarat State. Fig.1 Database Connection and Data Retrieval System Different Web pages have been created for each region. Fig.3 is Home Page which shows information of Gujarat State and Leguminosae Family with region wise distribution. One of that cited here as an example of Kutch region. Fig.4 shows location of Kutch region in Google map, where user can zoom the map and see the specific details of location. Simultaneously, tabular data with details like Subfamily, Species Name and Locality also provided. Further, user can get more information about that particular species by clicking on that respective species, resulted into display of information for that particular species. (Fig.5) Note: Present work includes all major species of Leguminosae Family which are found in Gujarat State but numbers may vary. This study considers all species which are found in Gujarat State as per our reference [1]. 2185

3 Fig. 3 Home Page of Distribution of Leguminosae Family in Gujarat State 2186

4 Fig. 4 Kutch Region Information 2187

5 If user click on any particular species for example Acasia farnesiana (L.) Willd. then following page will appear as shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 Full Information of Acacia farnesiana(l.) Willd. species 2188

6 IV. CONCLUSIONS Present work provides information of all the plant species of Leguminosae family of Gujarat state. All Leguminosae Family members located in specific region were analyzed to get clear idea about availability of a specific plant species found in particular region or location. With the help of database development tools and Application, Leguminosae Family data were shaped in such a manner so that user can view its real location in the state along with its description. This database may fulfill current scientific demands because many such data are available in scattered manner in text book only. The creation of such database is not only useful to botanist but also to other stakeholders of plant species in general. [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to thank Sardar Patel University and PURSE program of DST- SPU for their support; also Dr. A. S. Reddy for his support and guidance especially in botanical part. REFERENCES [1] G. L. Shah (1978): Flora of Gujarat State. Publ. by Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, India. [2] Kalpesh Anjaria (2002) Ph. D. Thesis: Floristic studies of Anand District. Submitted to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, India. [3] Sagar Patel (2011) Some Leguminous trees in Anand District (M.Sc., Project work) Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India. [4] Jean-Mchel Claverie and Cedric Notredame (2003) Bioinformatics A Beginner s Guide. Publ. by Wiley Publishing, Inc. USA. [5] G. M. Oza; Kishore S. Rajput (2006) Biodiversity of Gujarat Forest Trees. Publ. By INSONA, Vadodara, India. [6] Patel, Anjaria, Panchal (2012) Leguminous Trees In Anand District: Collection and Analysis With Bioinformatics Applications. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Germany. [7] Duke, J.A Handbook of Legumes of World Economic Importance. New York: Plenum Press [8] Harborne, J.B Phytochemistry of the Leguminosae. In Phytochemical Dictionary of the Leguminosae, eds Bisby,F.A. et al. London: Chapman & Hall [9] Heywood, V.H.(ed) Flowering Plants of the World. London: B T Batsford [10] Hickey, M. & King, C Common Families of Flowering Plants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [11] Polhill, R.M. & Raven, P.H. (eds) Advances in Legume Systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew [12] Smartt, J. & Simmonds, N.W. (eds) Evolution of Crop Plants. Harlow: Longman Scientific & Technical [13] Summerfield, R.J. & Bunting, A.H. (eds) Advances in Legume Science. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew [14] Zomlefer, W.B Guide to flowering plant families. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23]