Drought Effect on Carbon Sequestration in a Tropical Dry Forest
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1 1 Drought Effect on Carbon Sequestration in a Tropical Dry Forest By: 1 Saulo Castro Contreras, 1 Arturo Sanchez Azofeifa, 2 Mauricio Vega Araya 3 Hiromitsu Sato, 3 Sharon Cowling and Institutions: 1. Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Alberta, AB, Canada 2. Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Costa Rica 3. University of Toronto, ON, Canada Helsinki, Finland Sept. 27 th 29 th, 2016
2 Outline 2 1. Introduction to Tropical Dry Forests (TDFs) 2. Study Objectives 3. Costa Rica Study Site 4. General Methods 5. Results 6. Conclusions
3 TDFs Background 3 Tropical dry forests (TDFs) cover 42% of all tropical ecosystems. One of most threatened tropical ecosystems. Much less knowledge of mechanisms affecting TDFs, compared to humid forests. Currently, there is limited knowledge of variability and controls on fluxes in TDFs. It limits our ability to predict CO 2 cycling due to natural and anthropogenic disturbances in these ecosystems.
4 Study Objectives 4 Contribute by monitoring and measuring of ecosystem productivity in a Costa Rican Tropical Dry Forest: 1. Examine the temporal coupling of the main processes of CO 2 exchange, Gross Photosynthetic Production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R eco ) with the seasonal change in the availability of water in the TDF. 2. Analyze the relation of CO 2 fluxes with environmental (PAR, air humidity, air temperature, and soil moisture) and phenological variables.
5 Study Site 5 2nd ICOS Science Conference 2016
6 Santa Rosa Environmental Monitoring Super Site 6 Study site located at Santa Rosa National Park, Guanacaste, Costa Rica ( N, W). Intermediate stage Tropical Dry Forest. Mean annual temperature: 26.6 o C Mean precipitation: mm/yr Dry season: December April 6
7 Santa Rosa Environmental Monitoring Super Site 7 Equipped with: Eddy Covariance system Meteorological station Phenology Tower Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) 7
8 8 General Methods Flux measurements processed using LICOR s EddyPRO and IBM s Stream Analytics software. Flux partitioned using light response curves following methods outlined by Hutyra et al., (2007). Flux gap-filling done following methods outlined by Reichstein et al., (2005). Proximal remote sensing data and meteorological data processed and stored through Enviro-Net web portal (
9 Altered Phenology by Drought 18
10 9 Results: Phenology
11 10 Phenology Phenology Seasons +ve values = early onset ve values = delayed onset 2013 Season 2014 Season 2015 Season Onset ( ) (days) Onset ( ) (days) Start of Green up 2013/05/ /05/ /06/ Start of Maturity 2013/06/ /05/ /06/ Start of Senescence 2013/12/ /01/ /11/ End of Season 2014/03/ /04/ /02/ Phenology Seasons Length of Greenup Length of Maturity Length of Senescence Green up to Senescence
12 11 Phenology Precipitation events prior to onset of green up 2013 Precipitation (mm) 2014 Precipitation (mm) 2015 Precipitation (mm) Green up Maturity Senescence Prior to Season Seasonal Total
13 Fluxes R eco = NEE Seasonal time series of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), photosynthetic production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (R eco ) during the seasons. +ve NEE = loss of carbon ve NEE = carbon uptake
14 GPP and Precipitation
15 14 Meteorological Variables
16 Productivity Relationships seasonal relationship VPD vs. GPP 2013 senescence relationship RH vs. GPP
17 16 Productivity relationships in Drought Senescence 2014 Senescence 2015
18 GPP seasonal Accumulation 17
19 Conclusions 19 Water availability is the main limiting factor in TDF. Normal year VPD or RH Drought year Soil water moisture TDF can respond to drought by extending their growth season (extend maturity and senescence) but will not reach productivity levels of normal years. Severe drought can lead to a substantial reduction in productivity and growth cycle length.
20 20 University of Alberta, Earth and Atmospheric Science By: Saulo Castro Contreras THANK YOU!! 20
21 TDF Phenology 19
22 Productivity from Remote Sensing 26 PhD Candidacy Exam 2016
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