FutMon Water Budget Model Comparison Workshop. Simulating the water budget of forest sites using the model BIOME-BGC

Transcription

1 FutMon Water Budget Model Comparison Workshop Simulating the water budget of forest sites using the model BIOME-BGC Dipl.-Geogr. Heike Lotsch & Dr. Hubert Jochheim ZALF MünchebergM Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis

2 The Model BIOME-BGC Original version of simulation model BIOME-BGC 4.2 (Thornton et al. 2002*) Biome = area characterized by its flora, fauna, and climate BGC = Bio-Geochemical Cycles for simulation of water, carbon and nitrogen budget of terrestrial biomes process model daily time-steps scale: biome-focused, regional global application most important input: weather *

3 BIOME-BGC (ZALF Version) Extensions ZALF Version** scale: forest ecosystems changes in phenology (multiple species representable) changes in canopy evaporation and transpiration forest management module ** root growth module multilayered application of C, temperature & soil water

4 The Model BIOME-BGC (ZALF Version) Data flux diagram for regional application of BIOME-BGC-ZALF input data literature values experimental data forest yield tables silvicultural scenarios Mauna loa / SRES forest inventory data base (DSW) forest survey map meteorology climate scenarios REMO grid atmospheric chemistry N-Depo. N depo grid topography DEM soil survey map map of soil types soil profile data base BÜK300 data files (10) Ecophysiological parameters (EPC file) phenology turnover rates allocation C/N ratios litter composition albedo allometry N fixation photosynthesis hydrology harvest rules root growth Harvest (TRT file) tree age thinning fraction export fraction Tree species sequency (SS file) species (epc file) delay_years leaf-c stem-c root depth CO2 file time series of CO2 Vegetation (VEG file) site ID vegetation unit ID tree species (EPC file) stand density age root depth tree growth class tree height species sequency (SS file) leaf C, stem C, cwd C litter C (lit1 lit4) litter N (Lit1) Site information (GIS file) site-id number of vegetation units soil profile file horizon file soil profile name depth of groundwater table option for groundwater model reduction faktor for kf vert. distrib. of soil evapor. soil depth of soil evapor. meteorological date climate scenarios (MET file) year, yearday temperat. (mean, min, max) precipitation solar radiation vapour pressure deficit day lenth 4 soil temperature parameters sea level, latitude meteorological file (MET file) years in meteorological file N deposition file (NDEP file) current + industr N deposition snow pack fraction of 4 soil C pools soil N (soil1n) NDEPO file time series of N-deposition soil profile (PROFILE file) profile ID horizon name horizon depth layer thickness horizon (HOR file) profile ID horizon name soil texture ph, Corg stones, S, U, T bulk density PV, FC, PWP kf simulation initialization (INI file) GIS file name, VEG file name simulation period CO2, N depo control output variables BIOME-BGC-Multiveg (Vers. ZALF) RESTART file end point values of a spin-up simulation output data C, N, water fluxes (daily values) x.dayout x.dayout_veg C, N, water fluxes (monthly aver.) x.monavgout, x.monavgout_veg C, N, water fluxes (annual aver.) x.annavgout x.annavgout_veg state variables (end of year) x.annout x.annout_veg layer specific variables (daily values) x.dayout_lay, x.dayout_lay_veg, x.annout_lay, x.annout_lay_veg layer specific variables x.dayout_totlay

5 Calculating the water budget Original version BIOME-BGC 1-layer determined by soil & root depth precipitation transpiration pv soil evaporation infiltration canopy & stem evaporation LAI Plant specific modul air surface runoff stand prec. snow/sublimation fk available water pwp residual water capillary rise dynamic groundwater L 1 L 2 L 3 L n percolation L 1 L 2 L 3 L n water removal out of layers Vertical root growth outflow acc. to Puhlmann 2006

6 Calculating the water budget Precipitation (P) canopy, stem, stand P pools canopy cover fraction LAI & stem C determined Evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) Potential E and T Penman-Monteith separate for soil & canopy/stem Actual E and T (Koitzsch and Günther 1990**) layerwise water extraction acc. to density function: separate for E and T hydraulic potential of each layer is calculated E & T decreasing with depth canopy & stem water storage pool for next days E Snow sublimation according to radiation & latent heat Plant specific modul L 1 L 2 L 3 L n soil evap. precipitation evaporation & transpiration stand prec. water removal out of layers canopy & stem LAI snow/sublimation Vertical root growth acc. to Puhlmann 2006

7 Calculating the water budget Infiltration (I) and surface runoff (SR) pv fk sources of I: stand P & snowmelt calculation of SR (Holtan 1961**) air available water pwp residual water soil evaporation capillary rise dynamic groundwater L 1 L 2 L 3 L n outflow infiltration surface runoff percolation Percolation (Glugla 1969**) unsaturated zone - Percolation: if water exceeds fc last layer = outflow - percolation can be estimated from ks saturated zone - soil filled up to pore volume water above pore volume directed to seepage and outflow Capillary rise GW German soil classification, KA5** depends on texture, bulk density, distance to groundwater table & soil water content of the respective layer if layer above GW is filled with water, GW table is rising one layer Outflow Percolation out of deepest soil layer outflow

8 Data preparation, calibration & examples Used data for calibration literature/field experiments ** phenology specific data (epc) - e.g. Quercus cerris, Larix decidua & Pinus cembra stem C, cwd C (literature: growth measurements, yield tables), leaf C C/N ratios e.g. of leafs, allocations, LAI N-deposition Soil Calculation of fine soil proportion for water content simulation basic soil data texture (KA5), field capacity, bulk density, horizons, pv, fc, pwp, kf Presimulation 10 year run for met-file Parameterisation stand precipitation, canopy evaporation, soil temperature, soil moisture, LAI

9 Example Monte Rufeno, Italy; Quercus cerris

10 Example Monte Rufeno, Italy; Quercus cerris

11 Example Monte Rufeno, Italy; Quercus cerris

12 Example Monte Rufeno, Italy; Quercus cerris

13 Example Monte Rufeno, Italy; Quercus cerris Annual water fluxes

14 Example Monte Rufeno, Italy; Quercus cerris Average water fluxes

15 Example Celerina, Switzerland; Pinus cembra

16 Example Celerina, Switzerland; Pinus cembra

17 Example Celerina, Switzerland; Pinus cembra

18 Example Celerina, Switzerland; Pinus cembra Annual water fluxes

19 Example Celerina, Switzerland; Pinus cembra Average water fluxes

20 Literature Thank you for your attention! AG-Boden (2005). Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung. Hannover, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Chermák, J., R. Tognetti, et al. (2008). "Stand structure and foliage distribution in Qercus pubescense and Quercus cerris forests in Tuscany (central Italy)." Forest Ecology and Management 255: Chiesi, M., F. Maselli, et al. (2002). "Calibration and application of FOREST-BGC in a Mediterranean area by the use of conventional and remote sensing data " Ecological Modelling 154: Chiesi, M., F. Maselli, et al. (2007). "Application of BIOME-BGC to simulate Mediterranean forest processes." Ecological Modelling 206: Glugla, G. (1969). "Berechnungsverfahren zur Ermittlung des aktuellen Wassergehalts und Gravitationswasserabflusses im Boden." Albrecht-Thaer-Archiv 13: Holtan, H. N. (1961). A concept for infiltration estimates in watershed engineering, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture: Jeran, Z., T. Mrak, et al. (2007). "Epiphytic lichens as biomonitors of atmospheric pollution in Slovenian forests." Environmental Pollution 146: Jochheim, H. ; Puhlmann, M. ; Pohle, D. (2007): Implementation of a forest management module into BIOME-BGC and its application. - Eos Transactions Supplement [Elektronische Ressource].88 (23): B24A-04 Koitzsch, R. (1977). Schätzung der Bodenfeuchte aus meteorologischen Daten, Boden- und Pflanzenparametern mit einem Mehrschichtenmodell. Zeitschrift für Meteorologie 27: Koitzsch, R. and G. Günther (1990). Modell zur ganzjährigen Simulation der Verdunstung und der Bodenfeuchte landwirtschaftlicher Nutzflächen mit und ohne Bewuchs. Archiv für Acker-, Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde 24(12): Neirynck, J., E. V. Ranst, et al. (2002). "Impact of decreasing throughfall deposition on soil solution chemistry at coniferous monitoring sites in northern Belgium." Forest Ecology and Management 160:

21 Thank you for your attention! Literature Pietsch, S. A., H. Hasenauer, et al. (2005). BGC-model parameters for tree species growing in central European forests. Forest Ecology and Management 211: Puhlmann, M.; Jochheim, H. (2007): Implementation of a multi-layer soil model into Biome-BGC: calibration and application. - Eos Transactions Supplement [Elektronische Ressource].88 (23): B24A-05 M. Schmitt, et al. (2005). "Atmospheric deposition on swiss long-term forest ecosystem research (LWF) plots." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 104(1-3):